공간구문론을 이용한 루이스 칸 건축의 공간구조 분석에 관한 연구

노재원,김영욱,이상호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.5

This study is the quantitative analysis which doesn't only focus on Kahn's statement but also the architectural space itself. The purpose of this study is to understand Kahn's architecture with an actual proof with the use of Space Syntax. The results of this study were as follows; Firstly, in the spatial configuration like concentric circle centering around a huge space, the characteristics are, - forming the rank of syntactic value and determining building user's flow - clarifing building user's spatial cognition - representing Kahn's architectural concept from the beginning Secondly, in the spatial configuration with centrality by putting specific spatial unit to the universal spaces without especially integrated or segregated spaces, - spatial configuration would rather be settled by Kahn's architectural concept which has priority to building's function than satisfy the functional demand following building type. Thirdly, Kahn's void space doesn't mean empty space but his point of architectural concept ; 'Room'

苗床材料 및 硬化處理가 黃色種 담배의 初期生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

盧載榮,申周植,李炅珉,金東永 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1984 煙草硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of hardening degrees, period of hardening tr-eatment and different seedling bed materials on the growth and yield components of flue-cured toba-cco. The results are as follows. 1.Extreme hardening decreased the amount of top, root and total weigh, and other growing cha-racters of seedlings 2.Growth of seedlings was very poor in the seedling bed filled with only sand, and good in the seedling bed filled with humus 6 : sand 4 ratio. 3.Amount of early growth after setting was larger in the plot of recommended hardening than in the plot of extreme hardening. The plants grown on the seedling bed filled with only sand showed poorer growth than any other plots. 4.The plants grown on the seedling bed filled with only sand, especially in the extreme hardening, had the smaller weight and poorer quality cutter. In the plants grown on the seedling bed filled with only sand and with humus 3 : sand 7 ratio, growth and yield components was shown a tendency inferior to the plants grown on the seedling bed filled with more humus. 5.Some characters related to the leaf quality investigated showed little differences according to the treatment. 6.The effects of period of hardening treatment on the growth and yield components were not significant.

세라믹 정밀여과막 생물반응기를 이용한 매립지 침출수 처리

윤영재,노성희,김선일 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

The results that the membrane bioreactor allows the treatment of ammonia and part of the COD, with a limited production of sludges. The elimination yields observed on the membrane bioreactor are high, starting from a biologicaly equilibrated efflent, since the ratio C/N/P is slightly deficient in P. The Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Organic Carbon are climinated more than 70%. The Nitrification rate nears 98% despite the important variability of the ammonia concentrations inside the raw leachate. The Suspended Solids are eliminated 100% thanks to the microfiltration membrane.

Minicell 분리에 관한 연구

고재문,김종세,김성준,노영복 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Minicell은 간상 박테리아의 극단에서 변이 세포분열에 의해 생산되는 작은 비성장체이다. 그것은 protein이나 RNA를 함유하나 chromosomal DNA가 조금 있거나 거의 없고 모양은 구형이다. 본 실험을 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. A. Minicell 생산이 왕성한 x1411 균주를 12시간 배양한 후 optical density는 ML media=0.25, M9 minimal media=0.5, x1776 broth media=0.7, 3×D media=0.9, LB media=1.0으로 나타났다. B. x1411 균주와 pOX7의 형질전환율은 2×10^5개/㎍·DNA로 나타났다. C. 변형된 방법에 의해 분리되어진 minicell양은 1.8×10^4cells/㎖로 나타났다. D. Minicell의 중심부와 극단에서 생성된다는 보고와는 달리 본 실험을 통한 관찰 결과 minicell은 중심부에서는 생성되지 않고 극단에서만 생성된다. E. 전자현미경을 통한 관찰 결과 host cell과 minicell의 크기비는 10:1 정도며, 모양은 host cell은 간상이고 minicell은 구형이다. Minicells are small non-growing bodies produced by aberrant cell divisions at the polar ends of rod-shaped bacteria. They are anucleate, contain RNA and protein but little or no chromosomal DNA fragment and approximately spherical in shape. The results are summarized as follows ; A. After culturing 12 hours, cell density of typical minicell-producing χ 1411 strains appeared to 0.25 in ML media, 0.5 in M9 minimal media, 0.7 in χ 1776 broth media, 0.9 in 3XD media and 1.0 in LB meda. B. The transformation rates between χ 1411 strains and pOX7 plasmid were 2×10^5 in each ㎍. DNA. C. Isolated minicells with modified method were 1.8×10^4 in each ml. D. some papers reported that minicells are produced at the polar ends and the central part, but in this experiment minicells were only produced at the polar ends. E. The results of observation with E.M. ; the ration of cell size between the host cell and the minicell was about 10 : 1, host cell was rod type in shape and minicell spherical type.

망간 노출 근로자의 정신 ·신경행동 양상에 영향을 주는 요인

문영한,권기련,김은아,김규상,김양호,김재우,노재훈,양정선,진영우 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The risk posed to human health by environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is unknown. The purpose of this study is to establish if subclinical effects related to Mn exposure and examine the factors influencing psychoneurobehaviral outcomes of Mn exposed workers. This study involved 121 male workers of welding, alloy furnace, and manufacturing of welding stick. Study investigations include: a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, job and exposure history and medical symptoms and conditions, monitoring workplace air for personal exposure to respirable and inhalable manganese, analysis of blood and urine samples, psychoneurobehaviral test(neurobehaviral core test battery(NCTB), signal change on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, minimental state and neurological examination). The main results of this study were as follows; 1. Preliminary results showed that, with increasing manganese exposure, neurobehaviral performance was poorer and signal change on MRI scans increased. 2. The results of examination revealed significant relations on psychoneurobehaviral outcomes (neurobehaviral performance, signal change on MRI scans, and neurological features). 3. In multiple regression, age and educational status as demographic variables and exposure level were significantly related to neurobehaviral test. Also exposure level and serum Mn concentrations were positively related to signal change on MRI scans and neurological features affected by Mn on the brain (signal change). 4. Psychoneurobehaviral outcomes from Mn exposure were related to neurobehaviral performance, signal change on MRI scans, neurological features and profile of mood states (POMS), and influenced positively with age, alcohol and smoking history, and duration of Mn exposure, negatively with educational status. Serum Mn concentrations in combination with brain MRI scans, and perhaps a battery of neurobehaviral tests, appear to be the best way to monitor excessive exposure to Mn. These results are consistent with our knowledge on Mn action on the brain and are similar to the type of neurobehaviral dysfunction. They suggest that there may be age, educational status, and life style (alcohol and drinking history) differences with chronic environmental exposure. These findings suggest further evaluation, particularly on relationships between Mn exposure, aging, and susceptibility factors.

Bluetooth Ad hoc 망에서 멀티 슬롯 SAR-QT 알고리즘을 고려한 WAP 패킷의 성능 분석

문일영,노재성,조성준 한국항행학회 2002 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.6 No.2

본 논문은 Bluetooth환경에서 SAR-QT(Segment And Re-assembly Quick Transfer)알고리즘을 사용하여 WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)성능을 향상시키기 위한 ,WAP패킷의 전송 시간을 분석하였다. 이러한 WAP의 전송 능력을 향상시키기 위한 한 방법으로 SAR-QT의 과정은 WTP (Wireless Transation Protocol)상위 계층에서 내려온 전체 메시지를 분할한 다음, 베이스밴드에서 패킷을 전송하게 된다. 그리고 Bluetooth 패킷 타입중의(Data-Medium rale) 1, DM3, DM5, 에 따른 WAP over Bluetooth의 패킷 전송 시간을 분석하였다. 이 SAR-QT 알고리즘은 멀티 슬롯으로 전송할 경우 L2CAP (Logical Link Control And Adaptation Protocol)베이스밴드 패킷 전송 시간을 감소 시킨다. 결과로부터, WAP over Bluetooth 환경에서 WAP 패킷의 전송 시간을 줄이기 위해서 WP패킷 크기가 증가해야 한다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 이러한 무선 채널을 고려한, Rician 페이딩 환경에서 WAP over Bluetooth의 적당한 패킷 크기를 구할 수 있었다. In this paper, it is analyzed that WAP pachket transmission time to improve performance of WAP using SAR-QT algorithm in Bluetooth channel. The order for SAR-QT algorithm to improve the transfer capability, it is fragmented in WTP total messages that are coming down from upper layer and then the packets are sent one at time in baseband. And it is studied that transmission time for WAP over Bluetooth according to DMI, DM3 or DM5 packet type using SAR-QT algorithm in Bluetooth piconet environment. This SAR-QT algorithm decreases WAP packet transmission time of L2CAP baseband packets by sending packet that are spanning multiple slots. From the results, in WAP over Bluetooth channels, it is found out that WTP packet size ougth to be increased to decrease transmission time of WAP packet. In addition, considering BER in wireless channel. optimal WTP packet size is achieved for WAP over Bluetooth in a Rician fading environment.

주물사 부산물의 정제에 관한 연구

이재장,노범식,문영배 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 2001 석재연 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

연구에서는 주물사용 규석의 생산과정에서 발생되는 부산물인 미립 분말의 부가가치를 향상시킬 수 있는 기술개발을 통하여 자원의 절약과 재활용은 물론이고, 환경오염 문제의 해결에도 기여하고자 하였다. 성분분석 결과 입자 크기가 큰 경우에는 SiO2의 함량이 낮고 다른 불순물의 함량이 많았으며, 부산물의 경우는 SiO2의 함량이 94.37%로 비교적 낮고 Fe2O3, Al2O3 및 K2O의 함량이 상대적으로 높았다. XRD 분석 결과 석영 이외에 백운모가 상당량 포함되어 있어 품위 및 회수율 향상에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되어 이를 효과적으로 제거 할 수 있는 자력선발과 비중선별을 이용하였다. 자력선별 실험결과 부산물(tailing)의 경우 SiO2 품위와 산출률은 각각 98.42%와 87.35%까지 향상되었으며 Fe2O3의 함량은 0.17%이었다. 비중선별 결과 SiO2 품위와 산출률은 각각 96.08%와 91.16%까지 향상되었으며 Fe2O3의 함량은 0.30%로 자력선별의 경우보다 효율이 좋지 않았다. 부산물(tailing)을 대상으로 Attrition Mill로 알루미나 볼과 스테인레스 볼을 Grinding media로 이용하여 60min 정도 분쇄한 결과 평균입도 2~3㎛ 정도의 미립 실리카 분체를 제조할 수 있었다. Representative samples of solid molding sand wastes were obtained from Kwang-Jin Industrial Co. located in Chunchon. The molding sand wastes contains mainly fine iron particles, iron oxides and mica group minerals. Sand grains are angular because of being produced by the impact crushers. This study was carried out to develop an effective and economic purification technique for removing iron minerals by using magnetic separator and Mozley table. Results of experiment using the magnetic separator showed the production ratio of SiO2 increased up to 98.42wt.% and 87.35wt.% and the amount of content of Fe2O3 was 0.17wt.%. and those using the Mozley table separator showed SiO2 up to 96.08wt.% and Fe2O3 was 0.30wt.%, respectively. In grinding tests, silica flour of mean size 2~3㎛ was produced using attrition mill by stainless ball and alumina ball grinding about 60 minutes.

온도자극이 충전된 치질에 미치는 영향

김재곤,노용관,이영수,양정숙,백병주 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구에서는 수복에 따른 치질 내부 구조물의 열적변화를 평가하기 위하여 와동이 형성된 인공 치아모형에 아말감 충전, 아말감과 스테인레스 스틸관 수복, 금인레이와 금관수복, ZOE 이장 및 아말감 충전등으로 수복한 후 온도변화를 관찰하였다. 각 실험군에 4℃와 60℃로 2초와 4초 동안 자극을 가한 후 치아내부의 온도분포를 2차원적으로 분석하였고, 치수 중앙부에서 외측으로 층을 형성하여 3차원적인 해석을 시행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4℃의 자극이 2초간 가해진 아말감 충전 경우, 아말감 충전과 스테인레스 스틸관을 장착한 경우에서는 1℃ 내외의 차이를 보였으며, 치수와 상아질 경계면에서 3초 경과시에 29℃까지 급격한 온도 하강을 보였으며 9초 후에 25℃에 도달하였다. 또한 금으로 수복한 경우에서는 3초 후 25℃까지 하강하여 그 온도를 유지하였으며, ZOE 이장 경우에서는 최저온도가 4℃ 이상 높게 나타났다. 2. 4℃ 자극을 4초간 가한 경우에서는 9초 후에서 2초 자극시보다 2-3℃ 낮았으며, 금 수복 경우에는 5초 후에 21℃의 최저온도를 보인 후 점차 회복되었다. 3. 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에 60℃, 2초간 자극에는 3초 후 40℃의 온도로서 상승하였으나 9초 후에 30℃로 하강 하였으며, 금 수복에서는 2초 후 41℃까지 온도가 상승하였고, 9초 후 28℃를 보여 13℃의 차이가 있었다. ZOE 이장 경우에는 온도차이가 5℃로서 안정된 양상을 보였다. 4. 60℃, 4초 자극에 대한 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에서 5초 후 42℃, 9초후 35℃를 보였으나 금 수복 경우에서는 3초 후 49℃, 9초 후 31℃의 온도변화를 나타내었다. 5. 3차원 분석에서 치수 중앙부에서 멀어질수록 온도변화가 심하였다. The dental structure substituted by restorative materials may produce discomfort resulting from hot or cold stimuli. To investigate the effects of this stimuli on the human teeth, thermal analysis was carried out by calculation of general heat conduction equation in a modeled tooth using numerical method. The method has been applied to axisymmetric and two-dimensional model, analyzing the effects of constant temperature 4℃ and 60℃. That thermal shock was provided for 2 seconds and 4 seconds, respectively and recovered to normal condition of 20℃ until 10 seconds. The thermal behavior of tooth covered with a crown of gold or stainless steel was compared with that of tooth without crown. At the same time, the effects of restorative materials(amalgam, gold and zinc oxide-eugenol(ZOE)) on the temperature of PDJ(pulpo-dentinal junction) has been studied. The geometry used for thermal analysis so far has been limited to two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric tooth models. But the general restorative tooth forms a cross shaped cavity which is no longer two-dimensional and axisymmetric. Therefore, in this study, the three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effect of shape and size of cavity. This three-dimensional model might be used for further research to investigate the effects of restorative materials and cavity design on the thermal behavior of the real shaped tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When cold temperature of 4℃ was applied to the surface of the restored teeth with amalgam for 2 seconds and recovered to ambient temperature of 20℃, the PDJ temperature decreased rapidly to 29℃ until 3 seconds and reached to 25℃ after 9 seconds. This temperature decreased rather slowly with stainless steel crown, but kept similar temperature within 1℃ differences. Using the gold as a restorative material, the PDJ temperature decreased very fast due to the high thermal conductivity and reached near to 25℃ but the temperature after 9 seconds was similar to that in the teeth without crown. The effects of coldness could be attenuated with the ZOE situated under the cavity. The low thermal conductivity caused a delay in temperature decrease and keeps 4℃ higher than the temperature of other conditions after 9 seconds. 2. The elapse time of cold stimuli was increased also until 4 seconds and recovered to 20℃ after 4 seconds to 9 seconds. The temperature after 9 seconds was about 2-3℃ lower than the temperature of 2 seconds stimuli, but in case of gold restoration, the high thermal conductivity of gold caused the minimum temperature of 21℃ after 5 seconds and got warm to 23℃ after 9 seconds. 3. The effects of hot stimuli was also investigated with the temperature of 60℃. For 2 seconds stimuli, the temperature increased to 40℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli and decreased to 30℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. This temperature was sensitive to surface temperature in the teeth with gold restoration. It increased rapidly to 41℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 2 seconds and decreased to 28℃ after 9 seconds, which showed 13℃ temperature variations for 9 seconds upon the surface temperature. This temperature variations were only in the range of 5℃ by using ZOE in the bottom of cavity and showed maximum temperature of 37℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli. 4. In case of 4 seconds hot stimuli, the temperature increased 42℃ after 5 seconds and decreased 35℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. But in gold restoration, showed 49℃ after 3 seconds and 31℃ after 9 seconds, temperature variation was up to 18℃. Temperature variation of ZOE base case was only 5℃. 5. In three-dimensional analysis, we could find higher and lower thermal distribution pattern at the outer layer.

대청호 대전취수탑 수역에 있어서의 수질특성에 관한 연구

이길영,노장성,허재영 大田大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.1995 No.9

In order to survey the cause of the eutrophication in Taechong reservoir, the water body around Taejon intake tower were divided into 5 groups, and the samples were taken to analyse the quality of water, deposits and algae. The relationship between the water quality and the meteorological factors in the study area was investigated and the contamination mechanism in the reservoir was explained. Finally, the relation between T-N concentration and inflow volume was established.

정선 지역 석회석의 소성특성 연구

이재장,최재석,노범식,문영배 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.A

Lime is one of the world's most useful chemicals and manufactured in various types of kilns, using various fuels. Quicklimes vary in reactivity with water due to variations in the time and temperature calcining process and type of kiln used. Careful attention and control of time and temperature in the calcining process is necessary to insure a highly reactive lime. Excess time and temperature will cause the lime to be over burned. The highest reactivity of quicklime is obtained by calcination of limestone in the particle size of 0.1cm∼2cm, calcination temperature of 1000℃, calcination time 90min. It was found by the scanning electron microscopes that pores of quick lime is reducted if the soft burned quick lime is heated continually.