Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with PS via Emulsion Polymerization

Park, In-Cheol,Park, Min,Kim, Jun-Kyung,Lee, Hyun-Jung,Lee, Moo-Sung The Polymer Society of Korea 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.6

This study demonstrated the in-situ functionalization with polymers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via emulsion polymerization. Polystyrene-functionalized MWNTs were prepared in an aqueous solution containing styrene monomer, non-ionic surfactant and a cationic coupling agent ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trime-thylammonium chloride (MATMAC)). This process produced an interesting morphology in which the MWNTs, consisting of bead-string shapes or MWNTs embedded in the beads, when polymer beads were sufficiently large, produced nanohybrid material. This morphology was attributed to the interaction between the cationic coupling agent and the nanotube surface which induced polymerization within the hemimicellar or hemicylindrical structures of surfactant micelles on the surface of the nanotubes. In a solution containing MATMAC alone without surfactant, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were not well-dispersed, and in a solution containing only surfactant without MATMAC, polymeric beads were synthesized in isolation from CNTs and continued to exist separately. The incorporation of MATMAC and surfactant together enabled large amounts of CNTs (> 0.05 wt%) to be well-dispersed in water and very effectively encapsulated by polymer chains. This method could be applied to other well-dispersed CNT solutions containing amphiphilic molecules, regardless of the type (i.e., anionic, cationic or nonionic). In this way, the solubility and dispersion of nanotubes could be increased in a solvent or polymer matrix. By enhancing the interfacial adhesion, this method might also contribute to the improved dispersion of nanotubes in a polymer matrix and thus the creation of superior polymer nanocomposites.

Design and evaluation of electron beam energy degraders for breast boost irradiation

Park, Jong In,Ha, Sung Whan,Kim, Jung-in,Lee, Hyunseok,Lee, Jaegi,Kim, Il Han,Ye, Sung-Joon BioMed Central 2016 Radiation oncology Vol.11 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>For breast cancer patients who require electron boost energies between 6 and 9 MeV, an energy degraders (ED) in the 9 MeV beamline was specially designed and manufactured to increase the skin dose of 6 MeV and to reduce the penetration depth of 9 MeV beams.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We used Monte Carlo (MC) techniques as a guide in the design of ED for use with linear accelerators. In order to satisfy percent depth dose (PDD) characteristics and dose profile uniformity in water, the shape and thickness of Lucite® ED in the 9 MeV beamline was iteratively optimized and then manufactured. The ED geometry consists of a truncated cone attached on top of a plane plate, with total central thickness of 1.0 cm. The ED was placed on the lower most scraper of the electron applicator. The PDDs, profiles, and output factors were measured in water to validate the MC-based design.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Skin doses with the EDs increased by 8–9 %, compared to those of the 9 MeV beam. The outputs with the EDs were 0.882 and 0.972 for 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm<SUP>2</SUP> cones, respectively, as compared to that of a conventional 9 MeV beam for a 10 × 10 cm<SUP>2</SUP> cone. The X-ray contamination remained less than 1.5 %. In-vivo measurements were also performed for three breast boost patients and showed close agreement with expected values.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The optimally designed ED in the 9 MeV beamline provides breast conserving patients with a new energy option of 7 MeV for boost of the shallow tumor bed. It would be an alternative to bolus and thus eliminate inconvenience and concern about the daily variation of bolus setup.</P>

유류비축기지 설계를 위한 대심도 경사공에서의 수압파쇄 초기응력 해석

최성웅,신희순,박찬,신중호,배정식,이형원,박종인,전한석,Choi, Sung-Oong,Shin, Hee-Soon,Park, Chan,Syun, Joong-Ho,Bae, Jeong-Sik,Lee, Hyeong-Won,Park, Jong-In,Jeon, Han-Seok 한국지반공학회 1999 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.4

유류비축용 지하저장공동의 설계를 위하여 수압파쇄시험에 의한 현지암반내 초기응력 해석이 수행되었다. 부지 내 2개의 경사 시추공에 대해 수행된 금번 시험은 국내 기술진에 의한 지하비축기지 적용의 첫 사례이다. 또한, 경사공 해석기법을 처음으로 도입하여 수직공 해석기법에 의한 결과와 비교, 해석기법의 타당성을 검증함으로써 향후 수압파쇄시험의 적용범위 확대를 기대할 수 있었다. 특히 인근 지역이라도 지형적 또는 지질학적 특성에 따라 초기응력의 크기는 달라질 수 있음을 보여주었으며, 동일 시추공 내에서라도 구조선 등과 같은 뚜렷한 불연속면이 있을 경우초기응력의 방향이 심도에 따라 변화될 수 있음을 보여주었다. Hydraulic fracturing tests were performed in two inclined boreholes for the design of underground oil storages in Korea. Extensions of their application limits were expected through a precise comparison between the interpretation techniques for the vertical and the inclined boreholes. Especially, it was verified that the magnitude of in-situ stress can be varied even in the same rock mass with a variety of geographic/geotechnical characteristics. It was also demonstrated that its orientation can be changed even in the same borehole with the existence of explicit discontinuities.

In-Situ X-Ray Fluoroscopic Observation for Motion of Bubbles in Liquid Iron for Correction of Drag Coefficient Used in Numerical Simulation

In-Beom Park,Sang-Joon Kim,Hae-Geon Lee,Youn-Bae Kang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.4

Rising of Ar bubble in C-saturated liquid iron was investigated in-situ by employing a high power X-Ray fluoroscope (maximum power of 450 kV and 4.5 mA) coupled with a high speed camera. This analysis enabled to track the actual motion of rising bubble in the liquid iron. After post-processing of X-Ray images, size, shape, velocity, and trajectory of the bubble were obtained. The bubbles were found to be not spherical, but ellipsoidal. Their average size could be estimated about 1.1×10 -2 m. The bubbles wobbled during rising and arrived at their terminal velocities within 0.1 sec. The obtained terminal velocities revealed that the governing forces acting on the motion of ellipsoidal bubble were inertia and surface force. This was quite different from that of spherical bubble which was widely used in the assumption for the numerical analysis. As a result, widely applied equation for the drag coefficient (CD = 24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re) is seen to be applicable only for low Re regime, and this was also confirmed by the drag coefficient derived from the present experimental observation. Therefore, it is suggested to use the following equation for the drag coefficient CD = max [24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re, 8Eo / 3(Eo + 4)]. Numerical simulation for the Ar bubble behavior in the three dimensional (3D) continuous casting mold was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the drag coefficient for the behavior of spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles. The numerical results showed that the increased CD based on ellipsoidal regime affected the entire fluid in the mold.

Tuberculosis risk is associated with genetic polymorphisms in the LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes

Sung‑Soo Kim,Sang In Lee,Hyun‑Seok Jin,Sangjung Park 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Vitamin D (Vit. D) is used extensively during tuberculosis treatment. Low levels of serum Vit. D increase the risk of active tuberculosis development. Altered expression of the proteins involved in Vit. D metabolism impairs cathelicidin production, thereby increasing the host susceptibility to tuberculosis. Objective We are trying to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes could afect tuberculosis development. Methods We included participants of the Korean Association Resource (KARE), part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), and used their recorded data. A total of 8840 people (4182 men and 4658 women) were eligible subjects. The 5-kb regions from the ends of transcripts of GC, LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes were amplifed to select 13, 47, 70, and 15 SNPs, respectively. For association analysis and statistical analysis, PLINK version 1.07 and PASW Statistics version 18.0 were used. Results Signifcant correlation was observed in 11, 2, and 1 SNPs in LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes. The efect of rs6747692 of LRP2 on transcription factor binding was confrmed using RegulomeDB. We confrmed that rs2239182 of VDR is located in the genomic eQTL region and can afect transcription factor binding and gene expression. Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in Vit. D metabolism infuence immune system components. Therefore, such polymorphisms may infuence the susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion and alter the defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The correlation between genetic variation and tuberculosis development can provide new guidelines for the management of tuberculosis.

최인훈의 『태풍』에 나타난 시대착오와 평행세계의 상상력

박인성(Park, In-Sung) 계명대학교 인문과학연구소 2016 동서인문학 Vol.0 No.51

본고의 목적은 최인훈의 1970년대 작품의 경향 속에서 장편소설 『태풍』에서 드러나는 의도적 시대착오(anachronism)의 수사적 활용과 그 효과를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 ‘시대착오’와 ‘동시대성’(synchronism)의 개념을 경유하게 될 것이며, 『태풍』이라는 서사 내부에서 시간성이 작동하는 양상에 대하여 논의하게 될 것이다. 이때의 시대착오는 단순히 인지적인 오류를 가리키는 것이 아니라, 시대성이라는 역사적이고 시간적인 현실인식을 비틀거나 해체하는 의도적인 시도를 가리킨다. 무엇보다도『태풍』이라는 텍스트는『광장』에 대한 일종의 유사(pseudo)-평행세계에 가깝다. 이것은 진정한 의미에서의 평행세계가 아니라 다분히 타협적인 결과물이며, 다중우주(multiverse)보다는 다중자아(multi-self)를 구성하기 위한 시도이기 때문이다. 30년의 시간을 되돌리는 방식으로『광장』의 주인공 이명준이 선택할 수 없었던 ‘다른 과거’를 선택 가능하게 하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 주인공 오토메나크는 기존의 일본인도 한국인도 아닌 완전히 새로운 정체성을, 다중적으로 열린 정체성을 수용하게 된다.『태풍』에서의 시간적 조작은 무엇보다도 1970년대의 시대성 내부에서 여전히 해결되지 못한 자기정립의 문제와 강력하게 연결되어 있는 것이다. 최인훈에게 있어서 시대착오는 세계의 총체성을 구성하기 위한 시간적 조작이라 할 수 있는 ‘동시성’(synchronicity)을 위한 모더니즘적 기획의 때늦은 시도로서 나타난다. 그러나 1970년대에 이르러 이러한 시도는 더 이상 유지될 수 있게 된다. 따라서 『소설가 구보씨의 일일』에서는 직접적인 시대성과 씨름하는 와중에 타협적인 결과로서 산책자의 시선이 강조된다. 그리고 『태풍』에 이르러서는 이러한 시도가 완전한 실패에 도달했다는 불가피한 결론을 다른 성공의 판본으로 굴절시키는 시도로 비화한다. 이를 위해서 극단적으로 30년의 시간을 되돌리는 평행세계의 시도가 수행되는 것이다. 최인훈은 비판적으로 시대성을 바라보기 위하여 동시성을 적극적으로 활용하는 것처럼 보이지만, 이러한 시도는 자기규정의 변증법에 지나치게 얽매여 있으며 그것을 극복하지 못한다. This research aims at studying rhetoric expressions of intended anachronism and their effect in In-Hoon Choi’s novel, Tempest, regarding tendency in Choi’s works from 1970s. Within this purpose, both concepts of anachronism and synchronism will be discussed first. Then, the aspects of how temporality(zeitlichkeit) is working in narration of Tempest is going to be studied as well. Anachronism, in this case, rather means Choi’s intention to twist or dissolve historical and temporal awareness of a reality, temporality than indicates simple cognitive error. Above all things, text of Tempest is important as a sort of pseudo-parallel world of The Square. This is not a parallel world in the true sense of the term, but a compromising result as it is a kind of attempt to constitute multi-self rather than multiverse. In Tempest, the main characteristic of The Square, Myung-June Lee, could have been able to choose a different choice by turning back time of 30 years. Within these contexts, the main characteristic of Tempest, Otomenak, accepted neither Korean one nor Japanese one but a thoroughly new identity, multi-faceted open identity. Temporal operation in Tempest was strongly connected to a matter of self-establishment that has still not been solved in inner structure of temporality of 1970s. In Choi’s works, anachronism was a belated attempt for modernism design for synchronicity, as temporal operation, aiming at constituting totality of the world. In 1970s, eventually this attempt was no longer possible. As a result, while Choi directly dealt with temporality, a point of view of promenade was emphasized as a compromising result in A Day of Novelist Mr. Koo-bo’. Thereafter in Tempest, this unavoidable conclusion, that his attempts have been failed, created a new attempt to bend this failure into another success. In order to do this, Choi tried a parallel world, where there is going back in a 30 year period of time. On the one hand, it seems Choi made the best use of synchronism to handle temporality in a critical viewpoint, however, he has never overcome it as his attempts were tied down to dialectic of self-regulation.

Multicenter Prospective Study of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Korea

Sungsoo Park,Joong-Min Park,Jin-Jo Kim,In-Seob Lee,Sang-Uk Han,Kyung Won Seo,Jin Won Kwon 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.3

Backgrounds/AimsThis multicenter study aims to evaluate the effect and feasibility of anti-reflux surgery compared with medical treatment forgastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). MethodsPatients with GERD who were undergoing medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors for more than 8 weeks and those whowere scheduled to undergo anti-reflux surgery were enrolled. Efficacy of pre-operative medical treatment was evaluated retrospectivelyand effect of anti-reflux surgery was prospectively evaluated at 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Quality of life (QOL) was alsoinvestigated before and after surgery. ResultsBetween February and October 2018, 51 patients underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for treating GERD at 5 hospitalsin Korea. Thirty-four patients (66.7%) showed poor proton pump inhibitor response. At 3 months after surgery, heartburn wascompletely resolved in 87.9% patients and partially improved in 9.1%. Acid regurgitation was completely resolved in 82.9% andpartially improved in 11.4%. Atypical extraesophageal symptoms were completely controlled in 45.5% and partially controlled in36.4%. GERD-related QOL scores at 1 week after surgery significantly improved compared with pre-operative scores. There was nodifference in GERD-related QOL scores between 1 week and 3 months after surgery. General QOL measured with European QOL-5dimensions and health-related QOL instrument with 8 items significantly improved after anti-reflux surgery. Satisfaction with treatmentwas significantly higher after surgery than before surgery (72.5% vs 11.8%, P < 0.001). ConclusionAnti-reflux surgery improved GERD symptoms and QOL in patients. Anti-reflux surgery is an effective treatment option compared withmedical treatment for GERD patients selected for surgical treatment.

The effect of alpha lipoic acid in a porcine in-stent restenosis model

Lim, Sang Yup,Bae, Eun Hui,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Ju Han,Hong, Young Joon,Sim, Doo Sun,Kim, Yong Sook,Park, In Kyu,Ahn, Youngkeun,Song, Sun-Jung,Cho, Dong Lyun,Kim, Kyoung Seok,Kang, Jung Chaee Elsevier 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.54 No.3

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) on a porcine in-stent restenosis (ISR) model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In protocol 1, porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) were stimulated by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the presence or absence of α-LA. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and western blotting were used to determine the cell growth inhibitory rate and anti-inflammatory effect associated with nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In protocol 2, 28 days after balloon overdilation injuries, 24 bare metal stents were placed in coronary artery of 12 pigs. The pigs were randomly divided to receive control diet with or without α-LA (100mg/kg). In protocol 3, 8 control stents and 8 α-LA coated stents were randomly implanted in 2 coronary arteries of 8 pigs and follow-up coronary angiogram and histopathologic assessment were performed 4 weeks after stenting.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Protocol 1. The proliferation of PVSMC was inhibited and protein expression of NF-κb and ERK were attenuated by α-LA pretreatment. Protocol 2<I>.</I> On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (4.0±1.0mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.5±0.7mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001) and histopathologic area of stenosis (66.7±10.7% vs. 24.2±9.7%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA feeding group compared to controls. Protocol 3. On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (3.9±0.8mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.0±0.4mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis (67.1±8.8% vs. 17.4±10.0%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA coated stent group compared to the control stent group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>α-LA feeding and α-LA coated stents inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in porcine ISR, possibly through inhibiting the activation of NF-κb pathway and proliferation of PVSMC.</P>