신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

韓國石塔의 佛舍利 安置位置와 莊嚴內容에 對한 考察

李仁淑 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1988 韓國學論集 Vol.13 No.-

The Pagoda (in Sanskrit, "Stupa") is the place in which sacred remains of Buddha are enshrined. Pagoda is classified into three kinds according to the materials of which it is built; wood, brick or stone. The stone pagodas are the most prevailed type of pagoda in Korea. The stone pagoda in the Unified Silla period is elieved to have been derived from the wooden pagoda and also was preceded by brick pagodas, as shown in the formers which retain elements of wood or brick pagoda styles. The famous early examples of stone pagodas which were built after the style of wood and birck are stone pagoda in Miruksa temple, five story stone pagoda in Jeongrimsa temple and stone pagoda in Punwhangsa temple. After that, a unique style of stone pagodas emerged from the time when Silla unifed the Tree Kingdoms, the style became the typical Korean Stone pagoda whch is Characterized in several aspects. From the first period of the stone pagods which were built in Korea, we could notice the style f pagoda changed, besically, in the numbers of corner and center pillars of the double platform and in the types of roofing stone of each story which is supported by a reversed staircase of five, four or three steps. So we are able to classify the stone pagoda style according to these two eminant elements into Ⅰ, Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ period from the beginning of the stone pagoda in Korea untill the end of the Unified Silla. I here studied in which story of the stone pagoda Sarira Case was put, and concluded the places where Sarira cases were installed were changed according to the period. Before the Korean typical three story stone pagoda style prevailed. Sarira cases were placed underground of the wooden pagoda that might be-the chinese idea of underground burial. From the I to the Ⅱ period Sarira cases were enshrined at the upper story of stone pagoda. And the-tendency began from the Ⅲ period that Sarira Cases were installed in the first story of the stone pagoda was dominated in the Ⅳ Period in general. About Sarira Case itself, I can notice that Sets of vessels made of gold, silver, gilt-bronze and crystal or glass bottles in the manner of putting one-upon another were prevailed until the Ⅲ period. These Sarira Cases made-of metal or glass were the representative examples of Korean ancient craftsmanship, because they were the finest arifacts on which were extrmely reflected their religious mind and sense of art. But from the Ⅳ period, one bowl with a lid made of steatie, in a very simplified way com-paring with the preceding period became the popular Sarira Case type. I hope this small research should be helpful for the more future researches about these related topics.

KISE-기초학력검사(KISE-BAAT)개발연구

박경숙,김계옥,송영준,정동영,정인숙 국립특수교육원 2004 연구보고서 Vol.- No.12

본 연구는 학교 학습 특히. 국어와 수학에서 부진을 나타내는 아동을 선별 또는 진단하고, 이들이 부진을 나타내는 영역과 수준을 파악하여 이들의 교육계획 수립과 적용에 필요한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 개인용 기초학력 검사(Korea Institute for Special Education-Basic Academic Achievement Tests KISE-BAAT)의 개발을 위해 기초학력의 개념과 기초학력의 구성요인 등을 탐색하여 KISE-BAAT의 구성모형을 개발한 다음, 그 모형을 토대로 검사문항의 성취기준을 설정하고, 그에 따라 제7차 교육과정의 내용을 토대로 범교과적으로 통용할 수 있는 KISE-BAAT의 검사문항을 개발하였다. 본 연구는 유ㆍ초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교 및 대학교의 학생 1,499명을 대상으로 KISE-BAAT의 예비검사를 실시하고, 그 결과를 토대로 검사문항의 변별도와 양호도 등을 분석하여 최종 검사문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 본 연구는 KISE-BAAT의 표준화를 위해 전국의 유치원, 초등학교와 중학교에 재학중인 5~l4세의 아동 5,977명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 규준의 작성 및 해석에 필요한 기초 통계를 산출하였으며, 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 학력을 기초학력 과 심화학력으로 구성 된다고 가정 하여 심화학력에 의 한 학업성취를 제외한 학업성취를 기초학력으로 규정하고, 만 5세부터 14세까지 아동의 기초학력을 측정하는 개인용 기초학력검사인 KISE-BAAT를 개발하였다. KISE-BAAT는 KISE-BAAT(읽기), KISE-BAAT(쓰기), KISE-BAAT(수학)의 3개 검사로 구성되는 복합심리검사(battery)로서 각각의 소검사는 가형과 나형 2종의 동형검사로 구성되어 교육 프로그램의 사전ㆍ사후효과, 일반화 및 전이효과 측정을 용이하게 하며, 백분위수ㆍ환산점수ㆍ학력지수 학년규준의 제시로 아동의 기초학력의 지체 여부와 정도에 대한 진단과 더불어 교육계획의 수립ㆍ시행 및 평가에 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT는 학교학습의 도구가 되는 읽기ㆍ쓰기ㆍ수학의 기초학력을 종합적으로 측정할 수 있으며, 결과를 다양하게 분석할 수 있는 개인용 기초학력검사라 할 수 있다. 둘째, KISE-BAAT의 신뢰도를 검증한 결과, 동형검사 신뢰도계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 .82, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형과 나형 .69, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 .89로 나타났고, 반분신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 .93, 나형 .92, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .91, 나형 .94, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .98로 나타났으며, 문항반응이론 신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 모두 .90, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .99, 나형 .96, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형 .97,나형 .99로 나타났다. 그리고 측정의 표준오차는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 .76, 나형 .85, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .90, 나형 .92, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형 2.11, 나형 2.32로 나타났으며, 재검사 신뢰도 계수는 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형 과 나형 모두 .96, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형 .95, 나형 .96, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .98로 나타났으며, 문항의 내적 일치도 계수도 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형과 나형 모두 .98, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형과 나형도 모두 .98, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형 모두 .99로 나타났다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT의 KISE-BAAT(읽기), KISE-BAAT(쓰기), KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형과 나형은 모두 측정학적으로 아동의 기초학력을 측정하는데 있어 일관된 수치와 정보를 제공해 주는 도구라 할 수 있다. 셋째, KISE-BAAT의 타당도를 검증한 결과, KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능점사 읽기Ⅱ의 상관계수는 각각 .50, .56, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능검사 읽기Ⅰ의 상관계수는 각각 .68, .67, KEDI -기초학습기능검사 쓰기와 상관계수는 각각 .51, .68, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형ㆍ나형과 KEDI-기초학습기능검사 셈하기의 상관계수는 각각 .70, .75로 나타났다. KISE-BAAT와 KEDI-기초학습기능검사는 매우 다른 영역과 내용으로 구성되어 있고, 서로 다른 개념을 기초로 제작된 것이나 두 검사간의 상관계수는 비교적 양호한 상태라 할 수 있다. 그리고 구인 타당도의 한 측면을 나타내는 KISE-BAAT 검사영역 상호간 상관계수는 전체적으로 KISE-BAAT(읽기) 가형이 .23에서 .93을, 나형이 .19에서 .91을 범위로 하고 있으며, KISE-BAAT(쓰기) 가형이 .70에서 .95를, 나형이 .73에서 .95을 범위로 하고 있고, KISE-BAAT(수학) 가형이 .81에서 .94를, 나형이 .83에서 .94를 범위로 하고 있다. 따라서 KISE-BAAT는 개발의 과정에서부터 이루어진 내용 타당도의 확보를 위한 노력 등으로 기초학력을 측정하는데 타당한 도구라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 KISE-BAAT는 아동들의 읽기ㆍ쓰기ㆍ수학 기초학력을 측정하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 개인용 기초학력검사라 할 수 있다. 그러나 KISE-BAAT는 연구 수행상의 제한점과 함께 앞으로 활용의 과정에서 나타나는 문제점을 계속 수정 보완해야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 KISE-BAAT는 문항 편파성 분석 (item bias analysis)과 일반화 가능도 분석에 대한 연구와 더 폭넓은 타당도 분석을 위해 사고력 검사나 다른 학력검사와 공인타당도 분석 등을 연구해야 한다. 그래야만 KISE-BAAT는 아동의 기초학력을 진단 평가하는데 더욱 유용하고 정교한 검사로 발전해 갈 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to develop a basic academic achievement test battery, KISE-BAAT(Korea Institute for Special Education-Basic Academic Achievement Tests) which provides information about a student's achievement and performance in reading, writing and math. In order to develop the test battery the concept and construct of basic academic achievement were investigated. Subsequently the framework of the test battery was developed, the achievement standards of test items were established and test items were developed based on the current seventh national curriculum. The item tryout of KISE-BAAT was administered to 1,499 students in grades K, 2, 5, 8, 12 and in college. Item difficulty and discrimination data were obtained. Items were selected by reviewing all data available. The national standardization was administered to 5,977 students in grades K through 9. Data obtained from the standardization test used to develop national norms for the test and reliability and validity of the test. The results of the study is as follows. First, KISE-BAAT, a test battery for an individual, consists of three tests of reading, writing and math. Each test has Form A and Form B. KISE-BAAT is used to assess the achievement of an individual student of age 5 through 14. The data can be used for general instruction, remedial instruction and evaluation of an educational program. Second, Several methods were used to estimate the reliability of KISE-BAAT. Alternate-form reliability coefficient of KISE-BAAT(Reading) is .82, KISE-BAAT(writing) .69, KISE-BAAT(Math) .89. As for Split-half Reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) shows .93 and .92. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .91 and .94 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .98 in common. Item response theory reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) are .98 in common. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .90 and .92 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .97 and .99 are presented. The standard error of measurement of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) is .76 and .85, for KISE-BAAT(writing) .90 and .92 and for KISE-BAAT(Math) 2.11 and 2.32. Test-retest reliability coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) are .96 in common. In KISE-BAAT(writing) .95 and .96 are presented. In KISE-BAAT(Math) .98 is presented in common. Third, the criterion-related validity of KISE-BAAT in terms of the relationship with KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test was examined. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) and Reading II of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .50 and .56 repectively. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Writing) and Reading I of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .68 and .67 respectively. Reading I of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test was matched to KISE-BAAT(Writing) since it has features of writing ability. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Reading) and Writing of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .51 and .68. The validity coefficient of each alternate form of KISE-BAAT(Math) and Computing of KEDI-Basic Academic Ability Test showed .70 and .75. As for intercorrelation coefficents between subtests KISE-BAAT(Reading) range form .23 to .93. In KISE-BAAT(Writing) from .70 to .96 and in KISE-BAAT(Math) from .81 to .94. Based on all the data mentioned above KISE-BAAT can be said a reliable and valid test battery which assess students' ability in reading, writing and math. However, KISE-BAAT should be modified and complemented in order to compensate its own limitations. Future research on item bias analysis and generalizability needs to be done. Criterion-related validity to examine the relationship with other psychological tests or achievement tests also should be done to validate KISE-BAAT further. Case studies and suggestions from test users will also contribute to improve KISE-BAAT.

1930年代의 英詩 : The New Country Group를 中心으로 with the New Country Group

秦仁淑 건국대학교 1967 學術誌 Vol.8 No.1

Over the last thirty or forty years, between the two World War and thereafter the English poetry has produced a larger body of profuse, brilliant and even uneven works in a dazzling variety of styles and a formidable range of subjects. This period developed and maintained a tone and manner idiosyncratic enough to earn the coining of the word "Modern Poets" This sense of abundance, variety and freedom derives principally from the poet's own approach to poetry and from the intercourse with the post-war Continent. The group of poets under the name of the "Modern Poets" might as well be said to be represented by "The New Country Group" headed by W. H. Auden. It is a well-known fact by now that Auden's works are sometimes beyond the comprehension of ordinals readers because the maker's views and visions are very much of his own, which has developed with some consistency and because of the difficult technical medium-the side that most reflects the poet's character ; however many critics laid much stress on Auden's "Causes", ignoring his other qualities as a poet, e. g. his technical experiments inspired by, and intimately related to T. S. Eliot. Auden's principal subject was the profound division of sympathy in the Middleclass Leftist, who was self-divided between the pure working class and the incapable middle-class he belonged to ; between his feeling for "England, Home and Beauty," and his feeling for Marxist idealism ; between fantasies of private love and facts of public service. Auden's ideal "good place" has changed in its definition in the thirty years he has been writing. Since Auden is, superficially, an extremely dogmatic poet, with a love for decisive action and assertive statesment, summarizing his different definitions is not so easy as it seems. It would be possible to talk, in very general terms, of a change from a "political" to a "religious" attitude, from Freudian Marxism to Christianity. The difficulty would be that - as far as poetry is concerned-such terminology would be very inexact. For, as a poet, Auden leaves the impression of being a man engaged in an extremely private and personal dispute, pursuit, or quest. The earlier Auden had infused a landscape of fragmentary details with a wholly personal vision, compounded of romantic excitement, social analysis, the language of Freudian psychology, and the intense pleasure of authority over words and images. The latter Auden creates an almost symbolic bird's-eyes view of life, looking at some distance from the personal. The nervous anxiety and energy that gave the earlier passages its uneven power has dwindled to a warm glance backward at a "guilt-ridden" culture. Thus, rather than changing sharply, in the course of his career, from a "political" to a "religious" point of view, attempting to reconcile the contraries and dualities. The Auden's works would remain in the history of poetry written in English as a "typical pattern" for nineteen-thirties ; though it would be more attractive for the readers of nineteen-sixties, should it haute the smiles of humour and the sparks of wits. Spender's earlier works, as the general tendency of this group of poets, are distinctively showing the socialistic ideals. The latter part has been marked by the rather private relicism which is more or less the Shelley's pattern. Spender's image and metaphor was more up-to-time than Eliot and remarkably was of his own. (like seen in the poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome") In the technical side Spencer was fallowing in general the blank verse set in the regular stanza form; long sentences drag on, like the poet was looking for something, and suddenly settles down on a beautiful word. It was lyrical in imagery and vacabulary related to the traditional lyricism but not in its tone and movement. Spender was abstract and vague while Auden was of facts and reality; however he was so skilled in making a poetical beauty by merely put together these abstract notions that the readers would visualize the scenes and situation behind the abstractness, In the above mentioned poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome" and the following poem "I think continually of those who were really great", the poet has never manifested who, how, when and what on those who were truly great as the objective of Spender's admiration; the truly great man was the poet's ideal in his notion. Day Lewis early wrote poems after the Auden's pattern; the styles of his own appeared after his trip to Italy. Spender's Poems was concerned with a "mood" while Day Lewis's are of "situations" like Audens. The poem "Conflict" is a picture of a fear-striven liberalist attacked from both sides, fascism and communism, Though Day Lewis's situations are concrete and detailed, its images are vague and abstract; its languages are old and conventional; thus the old metaphor is not employed in making a new context that would be able to widen the areas of common feeling between the maker and reader, Day Lewis technic was, so to say, to link an abstract notion with another abstract word related to ; finally he has mastered the poetical handlings of a metaphysical wit. MacNeice is very much similar to Auden in his moralized tone, citizenlike imagery and plain conversational languages but MacNeice's works are more visually sensitive. Among this group of poets, MacNeice is the only one who has not paid much concerns on the politics and society ; his images are usually expressed through the external symptoms of nature (as seen in the poem "June 1st") ; nature in MacNeice's poems never appeared without clad in his designs and patterns, thus the rainfall in June is to wash out his expectations and anxieties accumulated. MacNeice's technique is direct and personal, extremely of his own and yet there is always a very common standard of humanistic moral underneath the personalized imagery.In the light of pure personality, MacNeice might be the poet among the group who has had a sound and well balanced characters.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

스티렌 폭로 근로자들의 기중 및 혈중 스티렌과 요중 만델산의 관계 분석

정호근,강성규,양정선,김기웅,이종성,조영숙,박인정 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The concentration of styrene in air in blood and mandelic acid in urine were checked for the 60 workers with normal liver function, exposed to styrene. Styrene in air were sampled with personal air sampler at least 4 hours and analyzed by gas chromatography. Blood and spot urine were collected at the end of shift with a vacuum tube and a polythylene bottle and analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Means of air and blood styrene and urine mandelic acid were 8.16 ppm(geometric mean), 0.199 mg/L, and 0.519 g/g creatinine, respectively. The concentration of styrene in air and mandelic acid in urine were high in the FRP factories and low in polymerization factory. Styrene in blood showed large difference by the working process. Styrene in air showed a good correlation with mandelic acid in urine(r=0.6369) and styrene in blood(r=0.6371). The mandelic acid in urine and styrene in blood corresponded to exposure of 50 ppm styrene were 0.890 g/g creatinine and 0.434 mg/L. However, hippuric acid in urine did not show any correlation with styrene in air. Urine mandelic acid excretion expected ratio showed a tendency to decrease according to obesity index and to increase with alcohol consumption.

정보원으로서의 학위논문 이용에 관한 연구

조인숙 한국문헌정보학회 1993 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyse theses and dissertations cited in research literature, particularly subjects, age, origin, and frequency of use of them, and kinds of papers that cite them. The theses and dissertations cited in the journal articles and theses dissertations in the fields of library science, information science and bibliography are analysed in this study. The major conclusions made in this study are summarised as follows. (1)Theses and dissertations form 5.6% of the total citations. (2)87.1% of the cited theses and dissertations are found in theses and dissertations and 12.9% in journal articles. (3)Most of research papers cite less than six theses and dissertations. The average number of theses and dissertations cited in a research paper in 2.7. (4)Most of the cited theses and dissertations are found in research papers from their own field and 24.5% in those from other fields. (5)Researchers prefer to cite recently produced theses and dissertations 63.5% of the total citations are those produced within three years in the past. (6)The theses and dissertations form most part(89.0%) of the total citations. 88.9% of the cited foreign theses and dissertations are found in theses and dissertations, and 11.1%in journal articles

수영복의 소재와 패턴구성에 관한 연구

崔仁麗,安賢淑 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 1992 生活文化硏究 Vol.6 No.-

We selected two swimsuit materials sold in the market. Then, We measured the weight, the rate of fiber mix. tensile strength. elongation and colors of them. After treating those two fabrics in sea water and chlorinated pool water. separately and alternately, exposed to ultraviolet for 25SFH. 5OSFH. 100SFH and 150SFH each, we surveyed the tensile strength and change of colors. and got the conclusions there fore. 1. The tricot knits composed of nylon/spandex is lighter, shows higher tensile strength, better fittness to the body and higher reflective finish than the plain stitch composed of acrylic/cotton/spandex, but the degradation of fabrics and the change of colors by sunlight. sea water. chlorinated pool water was a problem. 2. In almost all testing fabrics. the tensile strength became weaker as the exposed time to ultra violet went longer. and the strength was weakened most in the alternately treated fabric. then chlorinated pool water. sea water were next in order. 3. All testing fabrics showed change of colors by the exposure to ultra violet. The color changed more in the tricot knits than in the plain stitch, and pink color changed more than black color in the tricot knits. Both the color of pink and black fabrics changed most when those are treated alternately between sea water and chlorinated pool water. pink color tended to become yellowish & greenish. black color tended to become yellowish & reddish. In the plain stitch and the tricot knits of each black color. The color of testing fabric treated by sea water changed more than which treated by chlorinated pool water. but in the pink color tricot knits the changing result was reversed between both waters. the reason of which is thought to be due to the difference of chemical structure. and the study of chemical mechanism is continuously needed to explain such result. To try the systematic pattern construction based on the property of elastomeric fabric, we measured the elongation of several swimsuit fabrics. and after modified the basic flat pattern applied to woven fabric to a pattern which could be used for swimming suit, we measured contracted degree by using the elongation of the elastomeric fabric and completed a swimsuit pattern through grading it by the Gridwork System. and cut. sewed it, and wearing the swimsuit to the body, we got conclusions therefore. 1. Those swimsuits were made by the pattern completed through grading by the Gridwork System after the contractive degree was measured through applying both wale way and course way elongations measured form every fabrics to Length Reduction Formulas and width Reduction Formulas separately. Then those swimsuits fitted to body well and showed the same shape of silhouette as a whole. 2. As the result of photographing showed, we found that those weight, texture and finish of the swimsuit fabrics have an effect on the type of clothing. That the plain stitch showed more voluminous contour than the tricot knits is due to the weight of the plain stitch fabric, and that the tricot knits shows the contour of the body better than the plain stitch is due to the high reflection by the luster of the tricot knits. 3. In the examination of wearing feeling. the plain stitch was better than the tricot knits in the synthetic feeling of comfort. The tricot knits showed higher wearing pressure than the plain stitch. The plain stitch felt softer than the tricot knits. The plain stitch was easier than tricot knits In activity. The plain stitch hardly felt uncomfort, but the tricot knits felt tension or coarseness in under part of the hip and shoulder line. This is thought to be due to the difference of fiber composition and fabric construction between the plain stitch and the tricot knits.

한ㆍ일 모더니즘 소설의 비교연구(1) : 新感覺派와 요코미쓰 리이치의 소설 New Sensitivity Group and Yokomitsu Ri-ichi

강인숙 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.1

1.Japanese modernism and 'New Sensitivity Group' Comparative study on Korean and Japanese Modernism, I want to study Japan first, because they started about ten years ahead of Korea, so there must be influences from Japan to Korea along with European modernism. Japanese modernism was influenced from Europe, and they called the first modernist group 'New Sensitivity Group'. When their magazine Literary Era appeared with the novel of Yokomitsu Ri-ichi's "The Head and the Belly," Chiba Kameo called them "New Sensitivity Group," and the group members accepted it. In Japan, there is four groups of modernism. 1) New Sensitivity Group 2) New Artist Group 3) New psychologist group 4) Intellectualist group Among these (1) was dominant and Yokomitsu was the leader of this group. That's why, I study Yokomitsu and 'New Sensitivity Group' first. The period of 'New Sensitivity Group' was generally from october 1924 to may 1927. which was the term of their magazing Literary Era. But, Japanese extend it from 1923 to 1930, because, in Yokomitsu's case, the characteristic trait of the 'New Sensitivity Group' appears from the novel "The Aureole of the sun"(1923), and ends "Shanghai"(1929) and "Machine"(1930). 2.The technique of 'New Sensitivity Group' in Yokomitsu's case 1) Anti-private novel (1) Puppet theory The unique feature of Japanese novel is the tradition of private novel. They suppose it as major genre among the novels. When they imported naturalism, Japanese writers misunderstood 'truth' as "fact, and rejected fictionality. They thought writers have to write with the materials they have experienced directly. From the Meiji era to Daisho, the tradition of private novel reigned in Japan. Yokomitsu opposed it. He declared "We would like to creak puppet. And he begins to write with materials remote from his personal experience. "The Aureole of the Sun" and "The Quiet Pararellel" from antiquity, "Napoleon and the Worm" from alien county. Only "Spring Comes Through the Chariot" and "Speculation of Flowery Garden" were exceptional case which based on his own experience. (2) External point of view and complex point of view Yokomitsu was externalized the point of view of narrators. During the period of Literary Era, he usually used the third person pointy of view like realist in Europe. But, he also used double point of view, and in "The Machine"(1930), he invented a term "fourth person point of view," These complex point of views were not only external, internality included it. 2) Anti-realign (1) temporal background Yokomitsu also rejected realign of traditional novel. It begins from temporal background. In "The Aureole of the sun" and "The Quiet Pararellel," he went back to the antiquity. "Napoleon and the Worm" was also deals with past. It oppose realist's 'presentday fromula.' (2) Space There is also distance from reality in space. The settings of "Napoleon and the Worm" and "Shang-hoi" were alien land. "The Aureole of the Sun" also distant place from author's reality even though it is domestic splace. The setting of "The Head and the Belly" and "The Fly" are transit space which realist avoided. Japanese naturalist limited thier setting 'inside of residence.' The two novel based upon writer's experience also not suitable for realistic novel, because it is an isolated sanatorium or villa there is no everyday life in it. The setting of Yokomitsu's above mentioned novels were anti-realistic, except "The Machine." We have to consider about the urbanism here, because, New Sensitivity Group insist their literature was urbane. But, in Yokomitsu, there is almost no urban setting execpt "The Machine" and "Shanghai", the other novel's setting are rural place or suburbus of the city, so it can't be consider as an urban literature in strict stance. (3) Against the causality of plot Begining paragraph of "The Head and the Belly" was very famous in Japan. "The express train ignored small stations as if it is a stone." But it hasn't relation with next paragraph. 1) A boy singing aloud in the train. 2) Suddenly the train stopped 3) Waiting or changing the train was passengers choice 4) A man with big belly lined leaving group, other passengers followed him except the boy. 5) The train started again with the boy and his song. Between these events, there is no causal relationship at all. Yokomitsu depicted all these events like the painter sketches scenery without explanation. Speed of the train, head of the boy, belly of the man were all isolated and apart, (4) New sensitivity in his style "I had a period of desperate struggle against our national language" once Yokomitsu said. It was the periode of his New Sensitivity Group. He had rejected old realistic style, and eagerly wanted new one. That's the archaic style of "The Aureole of the sun." He hat continue the experiment on style, which avoided spoken language and prefered written one. Short sentence, strange metaphor, visual imagery, repetition, physical metaphor and ananlogy, personifications were his stylistic trait until "Shanghai" New, strange styles were the most dominant trait of New Sensitivity Group. But, he had changed his style since "The Machine". For express the deep inside of human psychology, he used long, insessant paragraph. 3.The modernism of Yokomitsu Ri-ichi The characteristic feature of modernistic novel in general is anti-realism, It appeaers 1) adoption of Freudian formula, 2) subjective time, 3) descontinuity of plot, 4) deformation of genre, etc. Yokomitsu Ri-ichi's case, 1) and 3) was similar in some degree. And the experimental side of new style also distinct. With this anti-realistic techenique, we may call him modernist. There is similarity with modernism on the complex point of view too. But, anti-private novel is not modernistic. Above all, the externalization of point of view and puppet theory are not suitable for modernism.

제주도내 농어민의 건강상태와 보건의료기관의 이용실태에 관한 조사연구

玄仁淑 제주한라대학 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This investigation analyzes the health conditions and the existence of diseases, and grasps the actual use of medical institutions of farmers and fishermen in Cheju-do, aiming to provide the basic data for the spread of medical instituitions and for the medical service of good quality. The object people of this investigation are the redents over twenty who live in the farming and fishing villages of Cheju-do. The total number of the object people is 2, 400 in 48 villages, among whom 2, 238 people have been chosen for data. The means of this investigation is a question-paper made by pre-investigation. In order to give confidence and to get stright answers, the writer has measured blood pressure and glycosuria value. The gathered data has been processed with the frequency average, standard deviation, Chi-squre test and Anova by spss/pc^(+) The results of this investigaition are as follows. 1) General Characteristics of the Subject People The average age of the object residents is 42.6 and considering the distribution of sex, the male come to 44.9%(1024 people) and the female 55.1%(1258 people). Accoring to the investigation, 616 people live in Cheju city, 547 people in the north Cheju county and 545 people in the south Cheju county. Thirst nine point nine percent of the people and 14.45 percent of the people surpass college graduates in sholarly attainments, which shows that the level of scholarly attainments is improving in the villages. The people engaging in agricuture come to 45.9% and 16.0% engagein fisheries. The average total income amount to 784, 200 won per month and average family number is 4. The people who join the communuty medical insurance come to 58.6%, Twenty five point two percent join the workers' medical insurance, 10.9% join the officials and teachers' medical insurance and 3.5% are medical beneficiaries. 2) Health Conditions and Existence of Diseases. The writer has measured "Self-assessed health", and set it into a 5-point scale where quite good health is marked "5 point" and quite had health is marked "1 point". As a result, the health conditions have turned out to be comparatively good judging from the average point "3.3". Considering the existence of deseases, the people who are sill now come ro 24.6% and the most frequant diseases are the nervous-sensory organ one (33.7%), the muscular-skeletal one (18.9%). The average length of hospitaligation is 20.52 days and the most numerous diseases which led to hospitalization are the digestive system one (30.0%), and the muscleskeletalone (12. 1%). 3) Utilization of Medical Institutions and It's Frequency The most important standard of utilizing a medical institution is the symptoms of disease (60. 5%) and the most preferable medical institution is a hospital. During the last months (after the year 1992), according to the utilize a pharmacy (2. 1 times) and a hospital (1.26 times). The residents in a county utilize a pharmacy (1.92 times), those in a subcounty also utilize a pharmacy (2. 03 times) and the residents in a village where there's a hospital utilize it (1. 53 times). 4) Degree of Perceptions of the Public Health Center and Its Utilization With regard to the degree of perceptions of health conter, this investigation has maxed "knowing-case" 2 point and "not-knowing-case" 1 point. Among the works of a public healthe center, the most popularly recongnized work is vaccination (1.69). The average marks about the eight works take 12.88 from the full marks 16. The most utilized work in a public health center is vaccination (47.4% of all), and in a health branch office and a health medical office it is general medical service. 5) The Case of Using the 3rd Medical Facilities in Other Regions The percentage of using the 3rd medical facilities except Cheju is 16.5%. Its concrete cases are as follows the diseases of nevous-sensory organ(24.5%). The use of the facilities is due to more special midical treatment (41.5%), the advice of the 1st and 2nd medical facilities(25.7%), and lacks of equirments of medical facilities within Cheju (18.0%).