신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

에어로빅 운동의 참여가 운동효과에 미치는 영향

홍인숙,이창준 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1999 체육과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine women's motivation for enjoying aerobic sports and iis pre-effect. post-effect. and influence on women. and to provide more systematic sports guidance to its trainees. Specifically. the focus of this study was placed. as one of social education researches for women's health promotion, on defining the influence of aerobic sports on women. For attaining the purpose. the literature concerned was reviewed, and questionnaire survey was carried out against the 195 women who took aerobic exercise course in health club. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Motivation Difference By-Background Variables As a result of examining how the subjects motivation of enjoying aerobic sports was affected by background variables including age, educational level, job, term and tice of getting exercise. and exercise intensity, age made significant differences to their motivation of weight loss [F(2.192) = 12.586, P<.05.].Women of less than 30 years old placed more stock in weight loss than those of 30 years old or more. The educational background didn't produced significant difference to their motivation of weight loss. dispelling stress. keeping a beautiful figure. making a good use of spare time. or enhancing mutual friendship. But job brought significant disparities to their motivation of weight loss [F(3.191)=4.848. P<.05] and of keeping a beautiful figure [F(3.191) = 4.086, P<.05]Students aimed at weight loss more than housewives or career women. Keeping a beautiful figure was also considered more important by Students than by housewives. but there was no significant differences in thes motivation between housewives and career women. On the ohter hand, housewives set higher value on the promotion of mutual friendshipthan Students or career women. This fact generally implied that students enjoyed aerobic sports to lose weight and keep a beautiful shape. and that housewives attended aerobic sports lecture to enhance mutual friendship. The motivation of dispelling stress or making a good use of spare time wasn't significantly affected. The term of getting aerobic exercise generated significant difference to the motivation of weight loss [F(2.191) =3.234. P<.05] and of keeping a beautiful shape [F(2.191)=3.540. P.05]. Those who took aerobic sports course for 1 or 4 years aimed at weight loss more than those who did it for 1 to less than 4 years. Yet the motivation of dispelling stress. making an good use of spare time or enhancing mutual friendship, wasn't significantly affected by the term of getting exercise. The time of exercise produced significant disparity to the motivation of dispelling stress [F(2.192)=5.356, P<.05]. keeping a beautiful shape [F(2.192) =14.243. P<.05]. of making an good use of spare time [F(2.192)=5.052. P<.05], and of developing mutual friendship [F(2.192)=4.411. P<.05]. Women who got exercise for one to two hours placed more stock on dispelling stress, keeping a beautiful shape. or making a good use of spare time. than women who did for an hour. The promotion of friendship was considered more important by those who got exercise for two hours of more than by those who did for an hour of less. But there was no significant disparity in weight loss. The intensity of exercise brought significant difference to the motivation of keeping a beautiful shape F(2.191)=0.091. p.05] and of promoting mutual friendship [F(2.191)=15.056. P<.05]. Those who enjoyed aerobic exercise of higher intensity placed more value on keeping a beautiful shape than those who enjoyed aerobic exercise of lower intensity. but the promotion of mutual friendship was regarded as more important by those who enjoyed exercise of lower intensity than by those who enjoyed exercise of higher intensity. There was no significant difference in the motivation of weight loss, dispelling stress or making a good use of spare time 2. Difference By Background Variables Between Pre-effect And Post-effect Age made significant differences to the effect that disease took a favorable turn [F(2.191)=5.926. P<.05]. Women of 40 years old or more improved in decease symptom than women of less than 30 years old. On the other hand, the effect of better human relations. better physical image, greater vitality or improved power. wasn't significantly influenced by age. The term of exercise made sigdicant differences to the improvement of disease symptom [F(2.101)=5.229. P<.05]. Women who got aerobic exercise in an hour improved in disease symptom more than women who did for an hour or more. Yet there was no significant difference in the improvement of human relations. physical image. vitality or mental power. The intensity of exercise generated significant differences to the improvement of physical image [F(2.192)=5.353. P<.05]. of disease symptom [F(2.191)=15.656. P.05]. and of mental power [F(2.192)=10.101. P<.05]. Those who got aerobic exercise of higher intensity improved in physical image less than those who got aerobic exercise of lower intensity. There was no significant difference in the improvement of human relations or of vitality. 3. Negative Opinion on Aerobic Sports and its Reform Measure Job made a significant difference to the unskilled movement even after repeated practice [F(3.191) =2.677. P.05]. Women whose job was not student. housewife of career women showed more unskilled movement even after practicing repeatedly than those who were student. housewife or career woman. But there was no significant difference in the comparison with others. instructor's pointing out mistake. excessive amount of exercise, wearing aerobic uniform. or poor-quality facilities. Living standard made a significant difference to the compared themselves with other people more than the middle or upper class. But on significant disparity existed in the unskilled movement after repeated practice. intructor's pointing out mistake. excessive amount of exercise. wearing aerobic uniform. or insufficient facilities. The term of exercise generated significant differences to the training expenses [F(2.192)=3.122. P<.05]. inconvenience caused by a fixed exercise time [F(2.192)=3.620. P<.05]. and separate guidance [F(2.191)=10.239. P.05]. Those who got aerobic exercise for less than a year expressed more negative opinion about training expenses, inconvenience caused by a fixed exercise time or separate guidance more than those who did for a year or more. Women who got aerobic exercise for 4 years of omre also expressed more negative opinion about the same things than women who did for 1 to 4 years. But there was no significant disparity in training expenses or insufficient facilities. The above-mentioned findings suggested that aerobic sports had an effect on motor effect. including making more smooth respiration. improving the function of the lungs. producing better function of the heart, causing a quick circulation of the blood. offering oxygen and nutrition more smoothly. controlling weight, or physical stress and offer better vitality to one's life. Furthermore. it's effective for the treatment of degenerative diseases, the treatment of high blood pressure. the treatment or rehabilitation of respiratory or circulatory diseases. the motor treatment of obesity or diabetes, or the treatment of osteoporosis.

공단지역과 청정지역에서 재배되는 농작물과 토양중 중금속함량 비교

이인숙,김동현,조영채 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the degree of pollution and the relationship of heavy metal contents in crops and soils collected from unpolluted area of Cheong yang-gun and industrial complex areas of Taejon-city, Cheong ju-city, Cheon an-city, On yang-city from 1, August to 30,September, 1994. 4 industrial complex areas were divided into the area within industrial complex, the area of 1Km and 2Km distant from the industrial area. The author collected 6 kinds of crops(perilla leaf, chinese cabbage, radish, sweet potato, guinea pepper, and egg plant) and their soils from each areas and measured 7 items of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu) by I.C.P. (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy). pH was also measured in soil samples. 1. In the crop samples, the average contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Cu were significantly increased in the industrial complex areas as compared with those in the unpolluted area. In the perilla leaf(Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu), chinese cabbage(Cr,Ni,Cu), radish(Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu), sweet potato(Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu), guinea pepper(Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn) and egg plant(Pb, Cr, Cu) the content of heavy metals of industrial complex areas were significantly increased as compared with those in unpolluted areas, Cheong yang-gun. 2. In the soil samples, the average contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu were also significantly increased in the industrial complex areas as compared with those in the unpolluted area, and Mn was significantly increased in the unpolluted area as compared with those in the industrial complex areas. 3. In the crop and soil samples, the average contents of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Cu were significantly increased in the soils as compared with those of the crops. However, the concentration of Cr in the crops was higher than that in the soils. 4. The contents of heavy metals in crops and soil showed decreasing tendency acording to the distance from the industrial complex area. There was a significant positive correlation beteen the contents of Zn, Mn and Cr in crops and soils. 5. The pH did not show a large difference by geographical location, and it maintained between pH 5.0 and pH 8.0.

衣類의 嗜好에 關한 Cluster 分析的 硏究

王仁淑 경성대학교 1983 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

To research the decline of consumers' tastes in their colthes objectively or quantitatively, I classified females' clothes into the category of the decision-factors in females' fashions on the basis of materials which were collected through taking amemomotion photograph at Suh Myun and at Kwang Bok Dong in Busan in the middle of May and in the end of September in 1981. After classifying and aggreating the above materials, it was found that the upper garment and skirt, the upper garment and trousers, one-piece, and separates of the young age group. appeared frequently in the memo-motion photographs. In the process of computeranalyzing the abovefour categories, took the cluster-analysis and collected each pattern of females' clothes hierachically from the combination of the category of the decision factors in females' fashion in the low stage into that in the upper stage. The result are as follows. 1. There is no wide difference between the two regions, but females' fashions in Kwang Bok Dong are very sensitive o the season. 2. In May, the separtes jacket is the main pattern of females' fashions. 3. With skirts and trousers, blouse and T. shirt become serious influences upon the factors of females' fashions.

제주도내 농어민의 건강상태와 보건의료기관의 이용실태에 관한 조사연구

玄仁淑 제주한라대학 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This investigation analyzes the health conditions and the existence of diseases, and grasps the actual use of medical institutions of farmers and fishermen in Cheju-do, aiming to provide the basic data for the spread of medical instituitions and for the medical service of good quality. The object people of this investigation are the redents over twenty who live in the farming and fishing villages of Cheju-do. The total number of the object people is 2, 400 in 48 villages, among whom 2, 238 people have been chosen for data. The means of this investigation is a question-paper made by pre-investigation. In order to give confidence and to get stright answers, the writer has measured blood pressure and glycosuria value. The gathered data has been processed with the frequency average, standard deviation, Chi-squre test and Anova by spss/pc^(+) The results of this investigaition are as follows. 1) General Characteristics of the Subject People The average age of the object residents is 42.6 and considering the distribution of sex, the male come to 44.9%(1024 people) and the female 55.1%(1258 people). Accoring to the investigation, 616 people live in Cheju city, 547 people in the north Cheju county and 545 people in the south Cheju county. Thirst nine point nine percent of the people and 14.45 percent of the people surpass college graduates in sholarly attainments, which shows that the level of scholarly attainments is improving in the villages. The people engaging in agricuture come to 45.9% and 16.0% engagein fisheries. The average total income amount to 784, 200 won per month and average family number is 4. The people who join the communuty medical insurance come to 58.6%, Twenty five point two percent join the workers' medical insurance, 10.9% join the officials and teachers' medical insurance and 3.5% are medical beneficiaries. 2) Health Conditions and Existence of Diseases. The writer has measured "Self-assessed health", and set it into a 5-point scale where quite good health is marked "5 point" and quite had health is marked "1 point". As a result, the health conditions have turned out to be comparatively good judging from the average point "3.3". Considering the existence of deseases, the people who are sill now come ro 24.6% and the most frequant diseases are the nervous-sensory organ one (33.7%), the muscular-skeletal one (18.9%). The average length of hospitaligation is 20.52 days and the most numerous diseases which led to hospitalization are the digestive system one (30.0%), and the muscleskeletalone (12. 1%). 3) Utilization of Medical Institutions and It's Frequency The most important standard of utilizing a medical institution is the symptoms of disease (60. 5%) and the most preferable medical institution is a hospital. During the last months (after the year 1992), according to the utilize a pharmacy (2. 1 times) and a hospital (1.26 times). The residents in a county utilize a pharmacy (1.92 times), those in a subcounty also utilize a pharmacy (2. 03 times) and the residents in a village where there's a hospital utilize it (1. 53 times). 4) Degree of Perceptions of the Public Health Center and Its Utilization With regard to the degree of perceptions of health conter, this investigation has maxed "knowing-case" 2 point and "not-knowing-case" 1 point. Among the works of a public healthe center, the most popularly recongnized work is vaccination (1.69). The average marks about the eight works take 12.88 from the full marks 16. The most utilized work in a public health center is vaccination (47.4% of all), and in a health branch office and a health medical office it is general medical service. 5) The Case of Using the 3rd Medical Facilities in Other Regions The percentage of using the 3rd medical facilities except Cheju is 16.5%. Its concrete cases are as follows the diseases of nevous-sensory organ(24.5%). The use of the facilities is due to more special midical treatment (41.5%), the advice of the 1st and 2nd medical facilities(25.7%), and lacks of equirments of medical facilities within Cheju (18.0%).

익산시와 서울시 여고생의 식습관 및 영양 섭취 상태에 관한 연구

김인숙,이윤희,김희주 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary behaviors and nutrient intake of high school girls in Iksan and Seoul cities. The subjects consisted of 122 students in Iksan city, and 136 students in Seoul city. The proportion of subjects who eat meals irregularly was higher in Iksan (98.4%) than in Seoul (80.9%). The proportion of subjects who skip meals was also higher in Iksan (61.5%) than in Seoul (56.6%), and most of them (69.7%) skipped breakfast, even though they thought that it was the most important meal (86.4%). The subjects vended to overeat at lunch (41.9%) and dinner (55.4%). The main reasons that the subjects skipped a meal were a lack of time (50.7%) and poor appetites (23.7%).Most of the subjects (57.4%) had tried to control their body weight by taking drugs (40.5%), doing exercise (34.5%), and controlling their diet (25%). The average intake of nutrients and energy was significantly higher (P<0.05, P<0.01) in Iksan than in Seoul. The intake was below the RDA recommendations except for phosphorus in Iksan, but was above it except for calcium, iron, and vitamin B2,in Seoul. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) of calcium (0.5), iron (0.6), vitamin A (0.8), vitamin B2 (0.7), niacin (0.9), and vitamin C (0.9) were under 1.0 but those of protein (1.0), phosphorus (1.2) and thiamin (1.0) were over 1,0. The INQ of the other nutrients, except protein and vitamin C,was significantly higher in Seoul than in Iksan.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

병원자체심사가 의료보험 입원진료비 청구에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구 : 일 대학병원의 퇴원전 심사를 중심으로

김인숙,박래희 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the institutional predischarge self-review process for medical insurance claims of inpatient treatment in a university hospital in Kwangju and thereby to suggest the ways of improvement, and the necessity for education of preventing the errors which frequently occurred during the claim process in the medical insurance system. The subjects were 810 medical insurance patients who have been in the university hospital in Kwangju for one month from June 1 through 30. 1995. Their service charge records were examined through a self-review process by the hospital, and among them 728 patients with changes in their medical service costs after the self-review process were finally selected and reviewed for a detailed survey. The major results were summarized as follows: 1. As a result of the self-review conducted by the hospital, total insurance medical costs to be claimed before the self-review were 779,926,360 won, and those of after the self-review were 806,412,100 won which resulted in an increase of 26,485,740 won. The mean of increased costs per each case after the self-review was 36.382 won, which was a statistically significant difference (t= 5.04, P<0.001). 2. The result of the self-review showed the highest increase of medical costs was in the medical department with the amount of 5,757,210 won. 3. The analysis of the causes of errors in the departmental treatment showed the hightest occurrences were 2,755(45.7%) cases in additional claims of charges, followed in order by the errors of medical personnel in applying insurance costs were 2,007(33.3%), input errors and so on were 913(15.2). 4. In the distributions of performed or not-performed operations in accordance with causes of errors, the total causes of errors were 6,029 cases. The hightest was 2,755 case in additional claims of charges, Among those. 1.480 cases occurred in performance of the numbers operations, and other errors in applying insurance costs occurred from the 1,131 performed operations. 5. The comparison of the increased amounts of medical cost items after the self-review showed 36.5% of the changes are the highest in treatment and operation costs, followed by 8.7% in injection costs. 6. Intervews of numbers and increased amounts in departmental treatment and operation costs, the highest were 5,750,324 won(25.8%) in the general surgery department.

各種 疾患 患者의 血淸 및 組織에서의 Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA)에 關한 硏究

李賢淑,金仁仙,白承龍 고려대학교 의과대학 1982 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.19 No.3

Carcino-embryonic antigen is a tumor-associated antigen whose testing has been considered to have a significant value in monitoring the patients with a variety of cancers. However, all the patients with malignant tumors do not reveal the elevation of serum CEA. Thus, to evaluate the relationship between serum and tissue CEA concentration, the author has studied serum CEA levels in 76 mailgnant and 89 nonmalignant diseases and demonstrated tissue CEA in 47 malignant and 13 nonmalignant diseases, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and immunoperoxidase technique. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The positivity in patients with malignant diseases was 89% in pancreatic, 80% in pulmonary, 67% in hepatic, 64% in colorectal, 64% in gastric and 25% in genitourinary cancers. 2. The positivity in patients with nonmalignant diseases was 53% in gastrointestinal, 63% in hepatobiliary and pancreatic, 69% in pulmonary, 27% in genitourinary tract, 67% in cardiac and 67% in miscellaneous diseases. 3. The positivity of serum CEA in patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers was dependent upon the extent of the diseases process. 4. The positive staining for CEA in the tissues of malingnant diseases was 81% as a whole, the staining was high in gastric, colorectal and pancreaic cancers but was low in genitourinary tract cancer, revealing correlation with the degree of staining and tumor differentiation. 5. The positive staining for CEA in the tissues of nonmalingnant diseases was 54%, but the degree of staining was weak. 6. Most of the cases, the negative staining for CEA, had serum CEA levels less than 5.0ng/ml; whereas there was no constant relationship between serum CEA levels and the degree of staining for CEA in tissues. To be brief, the findings suggested that the estimation of the serum CEA levels would be useful to aid in the diagnosis of a variety of cancers and evaluate the extent of the disease process. Also the immunohistochemical identification of CEA in tissue sections might have histopathological diagnostic implications and provide a solid basis for use of CEA in the follow-up management of cancer patients.

1970년대 북한의 발전위기와 대중운동노선 재정립

장인숙 ( In Sook Jang ) 북한연구학회 2011 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.15 No.1

다른 현실 사회주의체제가 겪었던 발전위기 문제점들이 1970년대 북한에서도 표면화 된다. 이에 북한은 ``천리마운동(Chollima Movement)``과 다른 ``3대혁명운동(Three-Revolution Movement)``의 본격화로 대응한다. 이 시기 ``3대혁명운동``에 주목하는 이유는 경제 침체에서 비롯한 체제 위기에 대한 대응이 여타의 현실 사회주의 국가와 다른 북한만의 특수성을 함축하고 있기 때문이다. 현실 사회주의체제는 발전위기에 직면하여 시장원리 및 자본주의적 요소를 도입하는 실용주의의 길을 택한다. 그러나 북한은 역으로 전통적인 사회주의 발전전략을 고수하는 가운데 대중운동노선 재정립으로 발전위기 돌파를 모색한다. 1960년대와는 차별화된 1970년대식 대중운동인 ``3대혁명운동``이 추진된다. 이러한 북한의 선택은 당시 북한이 직면했던 중앙집권화된 계획경제의 구조적 문제에 대한 근본적인 처방이 아니었다. 경제적 논리로 분석한다면 합리적인 선택이라고 볼 수 없다. 오히려 발전위기 발생의 주요 요인이었던 중앙집권적 성격을 강화시키는 조치이다. 이는 효율적·합리적 선택이 가로막혔던 분단체제라는 현실적 한계 속에서 북한이 택할 수밖에 없었던 위기 대응 방식이었다. 1970년대 북한이 처해있던 분단체제의 구조적 한계는 현재까지 지속되고 있다. 또한 1970년대 확립된 대중운동노선은 북한 사회주의 경제건설방식으로 고착되어 오늘날까지 그 원칙과 방향이 지속되고 있다. 합리적 선택으로 보였던 현실 사회주의의 자본주의 요소 도입 및 실용주의의 길은 결국 개혁·개방을 거쳐 체제전환 및 사회주의 붕괴로 귀결되었다. 그러나 경제논리가 아닌 대중운동이라는 정치우위방식으로 발전위기에 대처했던 북한은 체제를 유지하고 있다. 이는 ``3대혁명운동``이 북한 계획 및 폐쇄 경제와 같은 체제 내적 한계를 보완하며 체제를 지탱하는 버팀목으로 작용하였음을 방증한다. My dissertation researches and examines the process on the reorganization and refreshment of the Mass Movement line in the 1970s which the North Korean`s prototype in the Mass Movement was set up in. Development crisis experienced in other socialist systems in history comes up to surface in 1970`s North Korean society. North Korea corresponds to such problems by hitting their strides in ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` different from ``Chollima Movement.`` The ``Three-Revolution Movement`` at that period of time gains attention in that it holds its uniqueness by reacting differently from how other socialist states has dealt with system`s crisis resulting from economic downturn. Facing development crisis, other socialist states choose a pragmatic path to adopt market principles and capitalistic elements. However, North Korea adheres to traditional socialism development strategy and seeks solution by reorganization mass movement line. Differentiated from 1960`s, 1970`s mass movement line, ``Three-Revolution Movement,`` is pushed ahead. However, at that time, North Korea`s decision was not an fundamental solution to its centralized planned economy. In economic logic, it cannot be viewed as a rational decision. Rather, it was a decision enforcing centralized nature, which was the main cause of development crisis. North Korea`s reaction to crisis was carried out under the divided status of two Koreas, limiting the country from making efficient and rational choice. The fundamental limitation of the divided system in 1970`s still remains in the present North Korean society. In addition, the mass movement line has set in and perpetuates as reconstructing strategy of North Korea`s socialist economy, preserving its principles and directions till today. Seen as rational choice, other socialist state introducing capitalist elements or taking pragmatic path has gone through reform and opening, system transition, and resulted in collapse of socialist system. However, this study is to bring attention to North Korea`s current socialist system sustained by the ``Three-Revolution Movement`` complementing the country`s inner limit of planned or closed economy and functioning as a pillar supporting the system.