환율의 변동에 따른 기업의 환위험 관리 방법에 관한 연구

왕세협,박주현,김원기 경복대학 2001 京福論叢 Vol.5 No.-

국내의 외환제도가 고정환율제에서 출발하여 현재 자율변동제에 이르면서 기업의 외환관리가 허술하다는 지적이 최근 대두되고 있다. 그러지 않아도 국내 기업의 해외의존도가 클뿐아니라 국제적인 경영환경의 불투명성과 동태적인 경영환경하에서 경쟁하는 국내 기업들은 과거 정부의 외환정책에 따라 결정되는 환율제도하에서는 이러한 외환관리의 필요성이 없었지만 IMF체제 이후에 관리의 필요성은 어느 정도 인식하면서도 실제로 관리할 전문가의 부족과 최고 경영층의 인식부족으로 아직도 초보적인 관리를 하거나 아예 외환에 대한 위험관리를 하지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 최근 금융감독원과 전국은행협회, 그리고 무역협회 상공회의소 등 각종 단체에서 이를 제도화하는 것은 계몽하고 인식을 전환 또는 확산하려는 노력을 기울이고 있다. 예를 들면 최근 금융감독원의 자료에 따르면 여신업무를 처리할 때 해당 기업이 외환관리 대책을 평가해서 이를 적극 반영하도록 권장하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 기업이 통합적인 위헌관리 체계를 이루기에 앞서 외환관리 전략을 소개하고 이를 국내외 문헌 연구를 통해 간접적인 타당성과 국내의 환위험 관리 실태를 점검해 보고자 한다. The Korean government policy for foreign exchange has been changed from fixed exchange rate to daily floating. Due to the fact that introducing daily floating rate, many scholars and related institutions alert that companies in Korea should provide for managing and reducing those from foreign exposure risk. Especially, many companies in Korea are great dependent on foreign trade. Moreover, almost all companies are facing to evolutionary business environment under dynamic and foggy future. In fact while some realize those risk after the IMF(International Monetary Fund) in Korea, the lack of recognition from the top management and specialists are typical barriers now. Thus, many companies have just start to recognize those risk and managing tools and applications or don't do any action. Recently, Financial Supervisory Service and National Banking Association are preparing for new policy to lend new loan to a company. This, research papers introduce those strategies and cases through literature review, including some Korean cases and statistics.

消化器癌의 症候와 治療에 관한 文獻的 考察

김현아,임성우,윤상협,이원철 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.2

근래 들어 악성종양의 발병률은 점점 상승하고 있으며 소화기암은 전체 악성종양중 높은 발생빈도를 보이는 질병으로 한의학계에서도 치료를 위해 많은 연구를 하고 있다. 소화기암의 증후와 치료에 관하여 ??膈, 反胃, 積聚, 臟毒을 위주로 明ㆍ淸代까지의 歷代 文獻을 통해 考票한 결과 이는 복강내 악성종양과 증후에 있어서 유사성을 나타내며 치료는 초기에는 祛邪法을, 중기에는 攻補兼施를, 후기에는 扶正法을 위주로 하는 것으로 나타났다. 역대 문헌에서는 이에 대한 처방구성을 다양하게 언급하여 향후 소화기암 치료에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 思料된다. In these days, the outbreak rate of a malignant tumor is gradually increasing, and the frequency of digestive organ's cancer is so high that the remedy is being studied in the Oriental Medicine Worid. I made a consideration the Erlgyuk(?膈), the Panwue(反胃), the Juckchui(績聚), the Jangdok(臟毒), on the symptom and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, with the successsive literatures of the Myung and Chung Dynasty. In consequence, these are similar to the symtom of malignant tumor in abdominal cabity, and the the treatment is divided into three stages by each period. The Geosa-method(祛邪決) is used in the early stage, and in the middle the Gongbokyumsi-me��攻補兼施), and in the latter stage the Pujung-method(扶正法) is used. The successiv literatures shows the prescription of gastrointestinal cancer in variety. Therefore, I thinf the various prescription will be applied to gastrointestinal cancer on forward.

Original Article : Long-Term Outcome of Cystic Lesions in the Pancreas: A Retrospective Cohort Study

( Dong Won Ahn ),( Sang Hyub Lee ),( Jai Hwan Kim ),( Won Jae Yoon ),( Jin Hyeok Hwang ),( Jin Young Jang ),( Ji Kon Ryu ),( Yong Tae Kim ),( Sun Whe Kim ),( Yong Bum Yoon ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.4

Background/Aims: The management guidelines for cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLPs) are not yet well established. This study was performed to document the long-term clinical outcome of CLPs and provide guidelines for the management and surveillance of CLPs. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, an additional follow-up was performed in 112 patients with CLPs enrolled from 1998 to 2004 during a previous study. Results: During follow-up for the median period of 72.3 months, the size of the CLPs increased in 18 patients (16.1%). Six of these patients experienced growth of their CLPs after 5 years of follow-up. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery during follow-up, and four malignant cysts were detected. The overall rate of malignant progression during follow-up was 3.6%. The presence of mural nodules or solid components was independently associated with the presence of malignant CLPs. Seven patients underwent surgery after 5 years of follow-up. The pathologic findings revealed malignancies in two patients. There was only one pancreas-related death during follow-up. Conclusions: The majority of CLPs exhibit indolent behavior and are associated with a favorable prognosis. However, long-term surveillance for more than 5 years should be performed because of the potential for growth and malignant transformation in CLPs. (Gut Liver 2012;6:493-500)

Hepatic Steatosis Index in the Detection of Fatty Liver in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Antiviral Therapy

( Jin Won Chang ),( Hye Won Lee ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Seung Up Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.1

Background/Aims: The hepatic steatosis index (HSI) is a noninvasive method to assess the severity of hepatic steatosis. Antiviral therapy (AVT) can impact aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, which are the main components of the HSI. Thus, we investigated the accuracy of the HSI in detecting hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving AVT, compared with those not receiving AVT and in those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Patients with CHB or NAFLD who underwent a magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) evaluation between March 2010 and March 2019 were recruited. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed when the PDFF exceeded 5%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the HSI in the detection of hepatic steatosis. Results: The mean age of the study population (189 men and 116 women; 244 with CHB [184 with and 60 without AVT] and 61 with NAFLD) was 55.6 years. The AUROC values for detecting hepatic steatosis were similar between patients with CHB (0.727; p<0.001) and those with NAFLD (0.739; p=0.002). However, when patients with CHB were subdivided into those receiving and not receiving AVT, the AUROC value decreased slightly in patients with CHB receiving AVT compared to those without not receiving AVT (0.707; p=0.001 vs 0.779; p=0.001). Conclusions: Despite a slight attenuation, the diagnostic accuracy of the HSI in patients with CHB receiving AVT in detecting hepatic steatosis was still acceptable. Further large-scale studies are required for validation. (Gut Liver 2021;15:117-127)

A Case of Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Dorsal Hands with Concomitant Involvement of the Lips

Ji Won Byun,Won Kyu Hong,Hee Jin Song,Sung Hyub Han,Hyeon Sook Lee,Gwang Seong Choi,Jeong Hyun Shin 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) is a localized, pustular variant of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome). The lesions of NDDH clinically resemble those of Sweet syndrome (SS), but they differ from classic SS according to their locations (NDDH is predominantly restricted to the dorsal hands) and the smaller number of accompanying systemic symptoms. The histology of the NDDH lesion shows a dense dermal neutrophilic infiltration. The lesions rapidly resolve after systemic corticosteroid and/or dapsone therapy. We herein report on a case of neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands in a 34-year-old woman. The patient also had skin changes with erythematous plaque on the right lips. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 106∼109, 2010)

Original Article : Endoscopic Papillectomy for Benign Ampullary Neoplasms: How Can Treatment Outcome Be Predicted?

( Dong Won Ahn ),( Ji Kon Ryu ),( Jaihwan Kim ),( Won Jae Yoon ),( Sang Hyub Lee ),( Yong Tae Kim ),( Yong Bum Yoon ) 대한간학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.2

Background/Aims: Endoscopic papillectomy is increasingly performed with curative intent for benign papillary tumors. This study was performed to identify factors that predict the presence of malignancy and affect endoscopic success. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who received an endoscopic papillectomy for papillary adenoma from 2006 to 2009. Results: A total of 43 patients received endoscopic papillectomy. The pathologic results after papillectomy revealed adenocarcinoma in five patients (12%), and the risk of malignancy was high in cases of large lesions, preprocedural pathology of high-grade dysplasia or high serum alkaline phosphatase. Endoscopic success was observed in 37 patients (86%) at the end of follow-up (mean duration, 10.4±9.6 months). The factor significantly affecting success was a complete resection at the initial papillectomy (p=0.007). Two patients experienced recurrence 10 and 32 months after the complete resection, but both achieved endoscopic success with repeated endoscopic treatment. Six patients with endoscopic failure received surgical resection. Conclusions: Endoscopic papillectomy is a safe and effective method for the curative resection of benign papillary tumors, especially when complete resection is achieved at the initial papillectomy. Follow-up with surveillance should be performed for at least 3 years because of the possible recurrence of tumors during these periods. (Gut Liver 2013;7:239-245)

Quality of Life Assessment in Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: Result of a Prospective, Multicenter Study

( Sung Hyub Han ),( Ji Won Byun ),( Won Soo Lee ),( Hoon Kang ),( Yong Chul Kye ),( Ki Ho Kim ),( Do Won Kim ),( Moon Bum Kim ),( Seong Jin Kim ),( Hyung Ok Kim ),( Woo Young Sim ),( Tae Young Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2012 Annals of Dermatology Vol.24 No.3

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disease with genetic predisposition among men and women, and it may commence at any age after puberty. It may significantly affect a variety of psychological and social aspects of one`s life and the individual`s overall quality of life (QoL). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the QoL of AGA patients and discover the factors that can influence the QoL of AGA patients, including previous experience in non-medical hair care, reasons for hospital visits, age, duration, and the severity of AGA. Methods: A total of 998 male patients with AGA were interviewed, using the Hair Specific Skindex-29 to evaluate the QoL of AGA patients. Results: The results of the Hair Specific Skindex-29 on patients with AGA were as follows: symptom scale: 26.3±19.5, function scale: 24.0±20.1, emotion scale: 32.1±21.8, and global score: 27.3±19.1. According to this assessment, QoL was more damaged if the patient had severe alopecia, a longer duration of AGA, younger age, had received previous non-medical hair care, and visited the hospital for AGA treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that AGA could harmfully affect the patients` QoL. These findings indicate that dermatologists should address these QoL issues when treating patients with alopecia.

Hepatic Iron, Serum Ferritin, <i>HFE</i> Mutation, and Hepatic Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C

Won, Ji-Eon,Jeong, Sook-Hyang,Chung, Jae Il,Lee, Ji Hye,Hwang, Sung Ho,Kim, Jin-Wook,Lee, Sang Hyub,Kim, Nayoung,Park, Young Soo,Lee, Dong Ho,Kim, Haeryoung S. Karger AG 2009 Intervirology Vol.52 No.5

<P><I>Objectives:</I> We studied the status of hepatic iron deposition and its relationship with blood iron indices, liver histology, and <I>HFE </I>gene mutations in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C). <I>Methods:</I> 105 patients with CH-C who underwent pretreatment liver biopsy were consecutively enrolled. The hepatic iron deposition, histological activity and fibrosis were assessed by appropriate pathological scoring systems, clinical data including serum iron indices, and <I>HFE</I> gene mutation. <I>Results:</I> Hepatic iron deposition was found in 37 patients (35%), which was not significantly associated with degree of hepatic fibrosis or steatosis. The serum ferritin level was elevated in 27% of the patients and was an independent factor associated with hepatic iron deposition by logistic regression; however, it was not significantly associated with hepatic fibrosis either. Only H63D heterozygote was found in 6 out of 48 patients (12.5%), which was not different from the prevalence of H63D mutation in the Korean population (8.5%). <I>Conclusions:</I> Hepatic iron deposition was uncommon and mild in Korean CH-C. Neither hepatic iron deposition nor serum ferritin were significantly related to the severity of hepatic fibrosis, which does not support the significant role of iron in the progression of hepatic fibrosis.</P><P>Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

HCV, Alcoholic : O-022 ; Hepatitis C virus infection enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB

( Won Seok Kang ),( Jun Seong Park ),( Seung Wook Ryu ),( Woo Il Kim ),( Dong Yeop Chang ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Do Youn Park ),( Youn Hee Choi ),( Kyung Sun Choi ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chul Hee Choi ),( 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in liver injury and long-term complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver injury in HCV infection is believed to be caused by host immune responses, not by viral cytopathic effects. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory processes of hepatitis C. TNF-α induces cell death that can be ameliorated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation. We investigated the regulation of TNF-α signal transduction in HCV-infected cells and identified HCV proteins responsible for sensitization to TNF-α-induced cell death. Methods: We studied the effect of HCV infection on TNF-α signal transduction using an in vitro HCV infection model (JFH-1, genotype 2a) with Huh-7 and Huh-7.5 cells. Results: We found that TNF-α-induced cell death significantly increased in HCV-infected cells. HCV infection diminished TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IKK and IκB, which are upstream regulators of NF-κB activation. HCV infection also inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and expression of NF- κB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-xL, XIAP and c-FLIPL. Decreased levels of Bcl-xL, XIAP, and c-FLIP mRNA and protein were also observed in livers with chronic hepatitis C. Transfection with plasmids encoding each HCV protein revealed that core, NS4B, and NS5B attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and enhanced TNF-α-induced cell death. Conclusions: HCV infection enhances TNF-α-induced cell death by suppressing NF-κB activation, through the action of core, NS4B, and NS5B. This mechanism may contribute to immune-mediated liver injury in HCV infection.

HCV, Alcoholic : O-022 ; Hepatitis C virus infection enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB

( Won Seok Kang ),( Jun Seong Park ),( Seung Wook Ryu ),( Woo Il Kim ),( Dong Yeop Chang ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Do Youn Park ),( Youn Hee Choi ),( Kyung Sun Choi ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chul Hee Choi ),( 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in liver injury and long-term complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver injury in HCV infection is believed to be caused by host immune responses, not by viral cytopathic effects. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory processes of hepatitis C. TNF-α induces cell death that can be ameliorated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation. We investigated the regulation of TNF-α signal transduction in HCV-infected cells and identified HCV proteins responsible for sensitization to TNF-α-induced cell death. Methods: We studied the effect of HCV infection on TNF-α signal transduction using an in vitro HCV infection model (JFH-1, genotype 2a) with Huh-7 and Huh-7.5 cells. Results: We found that TNF-α-induced cell death significantly increased in HCV-infected cells. HCV infection diminished TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IKK and IκB, which are upstream regulators of NF-κB activation. HCV infection also inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and expression of NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-xL, XIAP and c-FLIPL. Decreased levels of Bcl-xL, XIAP, and c-FLIP mRNA and protein were also observed in livers with chronic hepatitis C. Transfection with plasmids encoding each HCV protein revealed that core, NS4B, and NS5B attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and enhanced TNF-α-induced cell death. Conclusions: HCV infection enhances TNF-α-induced cell death by suppressing NF-κB activation, through the action of core, NS4B, and NS5B. This mechanism may contribute to immune-mediated liver injury in HCV infection.