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( Hoy Taek Kim ),( Arif Hasan Khan Robin ),( Ill Sup Nou ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.2
Identification and authentication of parentage are important for effective pear breeding. Within Korean pear cultivars discrepancies are often reported between parents and offspring in skin color of fruits and also in S-genotypes suggesting that reported parentage was often inappropriate. In Korea, the parentage of the most of pear cultivars was never confirmed at the molecular level. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotyping and S-genotype analysis are considered effective in identifying parents. In this study, parentage of nine Korean bred cultivars was confirmed using SSR genotyping and S-genotype analysis. A total of 53 SSR markers were used. Six different haplotype-specific endonucleases were used for restriction cleavage of S-genotypes. Most of the Korean bred cultivars had six comparatively shorter S-RNase, S(1), S(3), S(4), S(5), S(6), or S(7) of 450 bp in length whereas the Japanese control cultivars had four other comparatively longer S-RNase. Out of nine pear cultivars only ``Chuwhangbae`` and ``Whangkeumbae`` had identical SSR genotypes and S-genotype with previously reported parents. For another cultivar, ``Sujeonbae``, the parents were the mutants of reported parent, ``Niitaka``. For four other cultivars, SSR and S-genotypes of offspring matched with only one reported parent ``Niitaka`` but those of another parent did not match. For the two other pear cultivars ``Soowhangbae`` and ``Sooyoung`` none of reported parents were confirmed by SSR genotyping and S-genotype analysis. Historically, the parent ``Niitaka`` was predominant in the Korean pear breeding programs because of its high yield potential and quality. The methods have been used in this study could be used to identify pear cultivars with diverse S-genotypes to eliminate any existing obscure parent-offspring relations.
Kim, Hoy-Taek,Moriya, Shigeki,Okada, Kazuma,Abe, Kazuyuki,Park, Jong-In,Yamamoto, Toshiya,Nou, Ill-Sup The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2016 식물생명공학회지 Vol.43 No.1
We isolated and confirmed two S-RNases, denoted as mpS1 and mpS2, from apple rootstock 'Marubakaido' (Malus prunifolia Borkh. Var. ringo Asami). These S-RNases contained and conserved five cysteine residues and two histidine residues, which are essential for RNase activity. The mpS1 showed high similarity to S5 (99.1%) of Malus spectabilis, whereas the mpS2 showed 99.5% nucleotide sequence similarity to S26 of (Malus ${\times}$ domestica) and 99.6% to S35 of (Malus sieversii) when compared with reported S-RNases. In amino acid sequences, the mpS1-RNase was almost similar to the S5-RNase of Malus spectabilis, and the mpS2-RNase was similar to the S35 of Malus sieversii, with only one bp being different from the S26-RNase of Malus ${\times}$ domestica. The 57 S-RNases of Malus species were renamed and rearranged containing the new S-RNases, as mprpS35 (mpS2) and mprpS57 (mpS1), for determining S-genotypes and identifying new alleles from apple species (Malus spp.).
Hoy-Taek Kim,Ill-Sup Nou 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.3
The parentage of the horticulturally important pear cultivar ‘Niitaka’ was confirmed by determining its S -genotypes based on the S-RNase and PpSFBB-γ genes, and genotyping using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Previous reports suggested that the cultivars ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Imamuraaki’ were the parents of ‘Niitaka’, although the cultivars ‘Chojuro’ and ‘Shinchu’ were also examined as candidate parents, along with two other cultivars. In the present study, the S -genotype of ‘Niitaka’ was determined to be S³S⁹. The S⁹-RNase of ‘Niitaka’ was found to be likely inherited from the parent ‘Amanogawa’ (S¹S⁹) and the S³-RNase from ‘Chojuro’ (S³S⁵) or ‘Shinchu’ (S³S⁵). Based on the S-genotypes, the cultivar ‘Imamuraaki’ (S¹S⁶) had no contribution to the parentage of ‘Niitaka’ (S³S⁹). A total of 67 polymorphic SSR markers were used to further confirm the parentage of ‘Niitaka’. Discrepancies were found at several SSR loci between ‘Niitaka’ and the cultivars ‘Imamuraaki’ and ‘Shinchu’, whereas ‘Niitaka’ inherited alleles from ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Chojuro’ at all SSR loci. Therefore, our findings established that ‘Amanogawa’ and ‘Chojuro’ are the parents of pear cultivar ‘Niitaka’, and not ‘Imamuraaki’ as previously reported.