A putative actin destabilizer, CpBV-RTX, encoded in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus andits expression in the parasitized Plutella xylostella

Hosanna H. Kim,Karen Barandoc,김용균 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.2

A novel gene was identified in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which acts as a symbiotic virus of the endoparasitoid wasp C. plutellae. The gene was encoded in the genome of CpBV, but not in the genome of its natural host, Plutella xylostella. The gene has an open reading frame comprised of 94 amino acids. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the gene encodes a signal peptide comprised of 18 residues at its amino terminus and 4 glycosylation sites at threonine and serine residues, as well as two asparagine residues. The expression of the gene by C. plutellae was specific in parasitized P. xylostella, but not in unparasitized larvae. In parasitized larvae, the expression of the gene occurred on the first day after parasitization, and its expression resumed on the fourth day. The gene showed tissue specific expression in the fat body and epidermis, but not in hemocytes and gut tissue. Its sequence showed some similarity with that of a bacterial toxin, RTX, of Vibrio spp., especially in its actin cross-linking domain. The viral gene has been named CpBVRTX, and its putative physiological function is discussed in terms of host-parasite molecular interactions. A novel gene was identified in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which acts as a symbiotic virus of the endoparasitoid wasp C. plutellae. The gene was encoded in the genome of CpBV, but not in the genome of its natural host, Plutella xylostella. The gene has an open reading frame comprised of 94 amino acids. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the gene encodes a signal peptide comprised of 18 residues at its amino terminus and 4 glycosylation sites at threonine and serine residues, as well as two asparagine residues. The expression of the gene by C. plutellae was specific in parasitized P. xylostella, but not in unparasitized larvae. In parasitized larvae, the expression of the gene occurred on the first day after parasitization, and its expression resumed on the fourth day. The gene showed tissue specific expression in the fat body and epidermis, but not in hemocytes and gut tissue. Its sequence showed some similarity with that of a bacterial toxin, RTX, of Vibrio spp., especially in its actin cross-linking domain. The viral gene has been named CpBVRTX, and its putative physiological function is discussed in terms of host-parasite molecular interactions.

A putative actin destabilizer, CpBV-RTX, encoded in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus and its expression in the parasitized Plutella xylostella

Kim, Hosanna-H.,Barandoc, Karen,Kim, Yong-Gyun 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

A novel gene was identified in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which acts as a symbiotic virus of the endoparasitoid wasp C. plutellae. The gene was encoded in the genome of CpBV, but not in the genome of its natural host, Plutella xylostella. The gene has an open reading frame comprised of 94 amino acids. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the gene encodes a signal peptide comprised of 18 residues at its amino terminus and 4 glycosylation sites at threonine and serine residues, as well as two asparagine residues. The expression of the gene by C. plutellae was specific in parasitized P. xylostella, but not in unparasitized larvae. In parasitized larvae, the expression of the gene occurred on the first day after parasitization, and its expression resumed on the fourth day. The gene showed tissue specific expression in the fat body and epidermis, but not in hemocytes and gut tissue. Its sequence showed some similarity with that of a bacterial toxin, RTX, of Vibrio spp., especially in its actin cross-linking domain. The viral gene has been named CpBV-RTX, and its putative physiological function is discussed in terms of host-parasite molecular interactions.

Identification of an Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Serratia sp. ANU101, and Its Hemolytic Activity

Yong Gyun Kim,Keun Seob Kim,Ji Ae Seo,Sony Shrestha,Hosanna H. Kim,Madanagopal Nalini,Young Keun Yi 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.3

An inhibitor of NF-kB encoded in Cotesia plutella bracovirus inhibits expression of antimicrobial peptides and enhances pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis

Shrestha, Sony,Kim, Hosanna H.,Kim, Yong-Gyun 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

Upon parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, exhibits significant immunosuppression. A bracovirus (CpBV) symbiotic C. plutellae, has been regarded as a main parasitic factor due to acute and persistent expression of various encoded genes. Inhibitor-kB genes (CpBV-IkB) are homologous to cactus gene of Drosophila and are found in CpBV genome. However, their function in parasitism was unknown. Here, we tested hypothesis that CpBV-IkB may interrupt nudear factor kappa B (NF-kB) to inhibit its translocation into the nudeus, resulting in the suppression of antimicrobial peptide synthesis. A CpBV-IkB was doned into an expression vector and micro-injected into nonparasitized larvae. The transiently expressed CpBV-IkB in P. xylostella inhibited the expression of hemolin, but did not inhibit the expression of lysozyme or cecropin. This inhibitory activity of CpBV-IkB was more evident in a non-natural host, Spodoptera exigua, where both lysozyme and cecropin were inhibited. A recombinant Autographa californica multiple nudeopolyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was constructed by recombining CpBV-IkB gene under an early expression promoter. The budded form of the recombinant virus was injected into the hemocoel, while polyhedral form of the recombinant virus was orally administered to the P. xylostella larvae. In both treatments, the expression of CpBV-IkB encoded in the baculovirus was confirmed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. When the recombinant virus was mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt), the bacterial pathogenicity was significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, compared to a Bt mixture with an AcMNPV recombined with an enhanced green fluorescence protein gene. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of CpBV-IkB on the production of antimicrobial peptide results in the enhanced pathogenicity of Bt.

An inhibitor of NF-kB encoded in Cotesia plutella bracovirus inhibits expression of antimicrobial peptides and enhances pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis

Sony Shrestha,Hosanna H. Kim,김용균 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.4

Upon parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, exhibits significant immunosuppression. A bracovirus (CpBV) symbiotic C. plutellae, has been regarded as a main parasitic factor due to acute and persistent expression of various encoded genes. Inhibitor-kB genes (CpBV-IkB) are homologous to cactus gene of Drosophila and are found in CpBV genome. However, their function in parasitism was unknown. Here, we tested hypothesis that CpBV-IkB may interrupt nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) to inhibit its translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the suppression of antimicrobial peptide synthesis. A CpBV-IkB was cloned into an expression vector and micro-injected into nonparasitized larvae. The transiently expressed CpBV-IkB in P. xylostella inhibited the expression of hemolin, but did not inhibit the expression of lysozyme or cecropin. This inhibitory activity of CpBV-IkB was more evident in a non-natural host, Spodoptera exigua, where both lysozyme and cecropin were inhibited. A recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was constructed by recombining CpBV-IkB gene under an early expression promoter. The budded form of the recombinant virus was injected into the hemocoel, while polyhedral form of the recombinant virus was orally administered to the P. xylostella larvae. In both treatments, the expression of CpBV-IkB encoded in the baculovirus was confirmed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. When the recombinant virus was mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt), the bacterial pathogenicity was significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, compared to a Bt mixture with an AcMNPV recombined with an enhanced green fluorescence protein gene. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of CpBV-IkB on the production of antimicrobial peptide results in the enhanced pathogenicity of Bt. Upon parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, exhibits significant immunosuppression. A bracovirus (CpBV) symbiotic C. plutellae, has been regarded as a main parasitic factor due to acute and persistent expression of various encoded genes. Inhibitor-kB genes (CpBV-IkB) are homologous to cactus gene of Drosophila and are found in CpBV genome. However, their function in parasitism was unknown. Here, we tested hypothesis that CpBV-IkB may interrupt nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) to inhibit its translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the suppression of antimicrobial peptide synthesis. A CpBV-IkB was cloned into an expression vector and micro-injected into nonparasitized larvae. The transiently expressed CpBV-IkB in P. xylostella inhibited the expression of hemolin, but did not inhibit the expression of lysozyme or cecropin. This inhibitory activity of CpBV-IkB was more evident in a non-natural host, Spodoptera exigua, where both lysozyme and cecropin were inhibited. A recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was constructed by recombining CpBV-IkB gene under an early expression promoter. The budded form of the recombinant virus was injected into the hemocoel, while polyhedral form of the recombinant virus was orally administered to the P. xylostella larvae. In both treatments, the expression of CpBV-IkB encoded in the baculovirus was confirmed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. When the recombinant virus was mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt), the bacterial pathogenicity was significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, compared to a Bt mixture with an AcMNPV recombined with an enhanced green fluorescence protein gene. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of CpBV-IkB on the production of antimicrobial peptide results in the enhanced pathogenicity of Bt.

행동기술훈련을 적용한 발달지체 및 장애 영유아 양육자 코칭에 대한 문헌 분석

김예진,Kathleen N. Zimmerman,Hosanna H. Kim,이소현 한국유아특수교육학회 2021 유아특수교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

This review examined the use of behavioral skills training(BST) as a coaching practice for caregivers who have young children with developmental delays or disabilities. The reviewed studies included articles that used BST as a caregiver coaching strategy, and based on that caregiver coaching, caregivers had implemented the intervention directly to their child. We employed a systematic searching procedure and identified seven individual, single-case research design studies in 6 articles that were published in American journals, and no article was found in South Korean journals. Data from the included studies were coded for characteristics of the study, characteristics of the caregiver and child participants, and characteristics of coaching methods. Findings suggest that BST can be an effective caregiver coaching method to empower caregivers' intervention implementation strategies. The implications for research and for early childhood special education practice in South Korea are discussed. 본 연구에서는 행동기술훈련(Behavioral Skills Training)을 적용하여 발달지체 및 장애 영유아를 자녀로 둔 양육자에게 코칭을 제공한 선행연구를 분석하였다. 행동기술훈련을 코칭 전략으로 사용하여 양육자에게 코칭을 제공하고, 코칭을 받은 양육자가 직접 자녀에게 중재를 제공한 문헌을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 관련 문헌을 체계적으로 검색하고 분석한 결과 국내에서는 단 한 편의 연구도 보고되지 않았으므로, 국외 문헌 6편에포함된 7건의 연구를 선정하여 연구의 전반적인 특성, 양육자와 영유아 참여자의 특성, 코칭 방법의 특성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 본 문헌 분석 결과에 따르면 행동기술훈련을적용한 양육자 코칭 전략은 양육자-중심 중재를 위해 필요한 양육자 역량 강화와 발달지체 및 장애 영유아의 발달에 효과적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 관련해서추후 연구 과제 및 우리나라 조기특수교육현장에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.