慶南 島嶼地域 井戶에 對한 環境衛生學的 調査硏究

鄭文植,李弘根,李容旭 서울大學校 保健大學院 1972 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.9 No.1

A study was carried out to find the sanitary condition of wells in Koje Island, Kyoungnam Province, from July 16, to July 30, 1971. Salinity was measured to check the seepage of sea water by the silver nitrate titration method and coliform groups were examined by the membrane filter method as well as the general sanitary state of wells and their surroundings. Main findings were as follows; 1. the average chloride ion concentration of 41 wells examined was 54.0ppm with the standard deviation of 31.8 which was below the maximum permissible concentration of 150.0ppm in drinking water. 2. the mean chloride ion at lower district wells was the highest of 69.9 ppm which looked to be influenced by the sea water. 3. no relation was found between the concentration of chloride ion and the pollution of wells which seemed to be more affected by the sanitary state of wells and their surroundings. 4. coliform groups were positive at 25 wells(61.0%) out of 41 and at 17 out of 21 of less than 2 m depth and no coliforms were found at the wells of more than 3 m one. Water-proof structure of 3 m depth was necessary to protect wells from pollution. 5. coliforms were found at all 15 wells within the 6 m distance from the pollution sources, but 3 out of 13 of more than 10 m one. 6. the rates of coliform positives were 92.8 percent at higher districts, 37.8 at lower ones and 27.2 at coastal ones.

골반경에 의한 자궁경부암 근치술 및 양측 골반 임파절 절제술 1례

김홍배,김중환,문종수,이재창,허민 대한산부인과내시경학회 1992 대한산부인과내시경학회잡지 Vol.4 No.2

금속도금공장 폐수중의 구리 및 시안화물의 효과적인 처리방법

諸元穆,洪鍾斗,金冕燮 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1988 環境科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

구리 및 시안화물이 혼합된 도금폐수를 적절하게 처리하는 방법을 알기 위하여 pH,농도 및 접촉시간에 따르는 용액중 구리 및 시안화물의 제거율을 실험하였다. 그 결과 시안화물은 5% NaOC1용액으로 처리하면 잔류시안 농도가 0.03 ㎎/ℓ이하로 환경배출기준에 적합하였다. pH에 따르는 영향은 pH8 이상에서 99%제거율을 나타냈다. 구리혼합용액은 중화침전법으로 실험한 결과 pH8에서 99%가 짧은 시간에 제거되었다. 시안화물과 구리혼합용액의 pH에 따르는 제거율은 pH8 및 11에서 높은 제거율(95%이상)을 보였으며 pH10에서 제거율이 떨어지는 결과를 얻었다. To investigate the effective removal method of copper and cyanide compounds in metal plating waste water, removal ratio of copper and cyanide compounds in solution are measured with varying pH, concentration and contact time. As results of the present expriment, cyanide compounds in the solution are removed to 0.03 ㎎/ℓ or less with 5% NaOC1 solution. The present result is satisfied to environmental disposal standards. The removal ratio against pH values show 99% over pH8. As results of neutral precipitation method, copper including solution are removed to 99% at pH8 in short time. The removal ratios of cyanide mixed copper solution against pH values show high efficiency(over 95%) at pH8 and 11 and removal ratios are decreased at pH10.

Cadmium induces apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts through caspase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Hong-Yan Zhao,Wei Liu,Yi Wang,Nannan Dai,Jian-Hong Gu,Yan Yuan,Xue-Zhong Liu,Jian-Chun Bian,Zong-Ping Liu 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanismsof Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increasedconcentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylationof p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor(SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidativestress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formationof reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediatedby caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.

Construction of Glycerol Synthesis Pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae for Bioconversion of Glucose into 1,3-Propanediol

Hong Zong,Xiaohong Liu,Wenqiang Chen,Bin Zhuge,Jin Sun 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.5

1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important three-carbon compound widely used in new polyester polymer materials. Natural organisms that can produce 1,3- PDO from glycerol were well studied. However, no natural microorganisms found could directly convert glucose to 1,3-PDO due to its insufficient glycerol synthesis pathway. In this study, two essential glycerol synthesis genes, CgGPD gene (encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Candida glycerinogenes) and ScGPP2 gene (encoding glycerol-3-phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), were expressed in wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae, a natural 1,3-PDO producers with reduction pathway for 1,3- PDO synthesis from glycerol. The results of fermentation, key enzyme activities, and metabolites analysis confirmed that recombinant K. pneumoniae now possessed a metabolic pathway capable of converting glucose to 1,3-PDO. The strain could produce 1,3-PDO from glucose with a final titer of 17.27 g/L with 40 g/L glucose in the medium, showing a 1.26-fold increase compared with 30 g/L glucose. Also, adding certain concentrations of glycerol could quickly initiate the 1,3-PDO synthetic pathway and promote the accumulation of 1,3-PDO, which could shorten the fermentation cycle. These results have important implications for further studies involving the use of one strain for bioconversion of glucose to 1,3-PDO.

Possible role of Pax-6 in promoting breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis

( Xiang Yun Zong ),( Hong Jian Yang ),( Yang Yu ),( De Hong Zou ),( Zhi Qiang Ling ),( Xiang Ming He ),( Xu Li Meng ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2011 BMB Reports Vol.44 No.9

Pax 6, a member of the paired box (Pax) family, has been implicated in oncogenesis. However, its therapeutic potential has been never examined in breast cancer. To explore the role of Pax6 in breast cancer development, a lentivirus based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivery system was used to knockdown Pax6 expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Effect of Pax6 silencing on breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis was analyzed. Pax6-RNAi-lentivirus infection remarkably downregulated the expression levels of Pax6 mRNA and protein in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Accordingly, the cell viability, DNA synthesis, and colony formation were strongly suppressed, and the tumorigenesis in xenograft nude mice was significantly inhibited. Moreover, tumor cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase after Pax6 was knocked down. Pax6 facilitates important regulatory roles in breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression, and could serve as a diagnostic marker for clinical investigation. [BMB reports 2011; 44(9): 595-600]

春城郡地域 保健事業地域의 環境衛生狀態 調査

鄭文植,李弘根,李容旭 서울大學校 保健大學院 1976 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.13 No.3

Main objectives of this survey were to find out general sanitary status and to get its basic data in Chunseonggun Community Health Service Area of the School. Interviewers of five students of this School and seven students of Chunseong Nursing School visited 1,775 households in 20 ris (villages), filled the survey form and checked sanitary conditions of the areas from September. 1 to Nevember 30, 1974. Results are summarized as follows; 1. Out of 1775 households, 66.8% wash clothes at streams, and 46.3% use only soap and 46.8% soap and synthetic detergent. 2. Dish-washing towels are frequently disinfected by boiling at 65.5% households while not disinfected at 33.0%. 3. Storing places of food and utensil are cupboards at respectively 72.7% and 87.4%. 4. Among interviewers, 96.5% clean teeth with tooth brush while 1.6% do not clean, and 94.2% use toothpaste. 5. Draining state of pumps is better than that of wells and also the quality of water sources are better in pumps than in wells. Wells and pumps of 54.1% were constructed more than five years ago. 6. Houceholds of 76.2% say "can get always enough water", of 5.4% "sometimes not enough" while 1.8% "always not enough" 7. About 66.7% use pump water, 10.5% well water and 8.3% simple piped drinking water system and average water concumption is 22.7ℓ per day per capita private water system is 66.0% while public system 27.1%. 8. Water is used for drinking, washing body and cleaning at 53.8% while only for drinking at 7.4%. 9. Nearest pollution sources of drinking water are mainly toilets and stables, and average distances between them are less than ten meters. 10. Toilets of 78.3% are used only by one households and those of 12.9% by two. 11. Toilet of 10.9% are inside main building while those of 85.4% outside main building. 12. Toilet tanks are covered only at 6.3% households while not covered at 95.4%. The contents of tanks are removed about twice a month (40.2%), and 84.1% use them as fertilizer on their own farm and contents of 10.1% are removed by other people. 13. Excreta are utilized on the vegetable farm by 38.2% households, on the vegetable and barley farms by 19.7% and on the paddy fields by 8.2%. 14. Ascaris eggs are found in 64% of soils (10g a sample) around toilets and 30∼50% of vegetable (a plant). Acknowledgments: This survey was supported by the China Medical Board of New York, Inc.

春城郡地域의 環境改善方案에 對한 硏究 : 給水施設과 便所改良을 中心으로

鄭文植,李弘根,李容旭 서울大學校保建大學院 1977 보건학논집 Vol.14 No.2

The major environmental problems in the rural areas are the poor water facilities and the unsanitary toilet facilities as a result of surveying the environmental sanitary status. The water supply facilities in the rural areas are gradually changed from the well type to the simple piped water supply system which is evaluated as the simple piped water supply system which is evaluated as to be succeeded. The Systems are rapidly increased nationwide but the several problems needed to be improved are produced in the system in tiself and in the managem ent of the system. Also toilet facilities are in poor state though the govenment authority has been trying to improve the facilities. The main objictives of this study is the presentation of the fundamental designs and the management plans to the simple piped water supply system and the toilet facility adequate to the rural areas including two villages of Sindong Myon, Chunseong-Gun, Kangwon Province. The results of analysing the existing data and the surveyed data to two villages are as follows. 1. The average water consumption per capita per day is classified as to four categories considering residents’economic status rising and the consumption by category is estimated as 35,70,125 and 163 litres, respectively. 2. Chlorination is needed by all means to most water resources in the rural area as the result of bacterial pollutcon in exess of the drinking water quality criteria but other treatment methods are not necessary. 3. The elevated water storage tank is needed in the water supply system. 4. Two taps in each household is most desirable. 5. Two persons for the management of the water supply system are suitable and the village must hold itself responsible for the maintenance and management cost of the water supply system 6. Human excreta discharge per day is estmated as 1.3 litres but 1.6 litres is desirable in determinat ion of the septic tank capacity considering the per meation of ground water. 7. It is profitable that the human excreta is utilized as the manure in respect to the reuse of resources and the management of the toilet. 8. The toilet facilities designed so as to be unble to scoop the excreta in the septic tank. 9. Capacity of septic tank is able to be estimatimated as 384 times the number of dwellers pre household in the cases of the hand-operated water closet and the non-water closet, respectively.

Application of Computational Intelligence Techniques to an Environmental Flow Formula

Zong Woo Geem,Jin-Hong Kim 한국지능시스템학회 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.18 No.4

Manning formula is one of the most famous functions used in hydraulics and hydrology, which calculates the average flow velocity based on roughness coefficient, hydraulic radius, and slope. This study intends to improve the original formula by minimizing the deviation error between calculated flow velocity and observed one. The first improvement approach was to estimate the exponent values of hydraulic radius and slope, instead of using current 2/3 and 1/2, while fixing the roughness value. When logarithm-converted multiple linear regression, calculus-based BFGS technique, and meta-heuristic genetic algorithm were applied to the problem, genetic algorithm found the best exponent values in terms of sum of squares error and coefficient of determination. The second approach was to estimate the individual roughness value, instead of a constant one, which is the function of hydraulic radius and slope. When multiple linear regression, artificial neural network with BFGS, and artificial neural network with genetic algorithm tackled the problem, the latter found the best solution. We hope these approaches will be utilized more practically in the future.

Constructing faceted taxonomy for heterogeneous entities based on object properties in linked data

Zong, Nansu,Kim, Hong-Gee,Nam, Sejin Elsevier 2017 Data & knowledge engineering Vol.112 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The interlinking of data across the web, a concept known as Linked Data, fosters opportunities in data sharing and reusability. However, it may also pose some challenges, which includes the absence of concept taxonomies by which to organize heterogeneous entities that are from different data sources and diverse domains. Learning T-Box (Terminology Box) from A-Box (Assertion Box) has been studied to provide users with concept taxonomies, and is considered a better solution than mapping Linked Data sets with published ontologies. Yet, the existing process of automatically generated taxonomies that classify entities in a particular manner can be improved. Thus, this study aims to automatically create a faceted taxonomy to organize heterogeneous entities, enabling varying classifications of entities by diverse sub-taxonomies, to support faceted search and navigation for linked data applications. The authors have developed a framework on which each facet represented by an object property is used to extract portions of data in the data space, and an Instance-based Concept Taxonomy generation algorithm is developed to build a sub-taxonomy. Additionally, the strategies for sub-taxonomy refinement are proposed. Two experiments have been conducted to prove the promising performances of the proposed method in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We defined the notions of facet in a faceted taxonomy as well as the concept and its naming strategy for the taxonomy. </LI> <LI> We developed a faceted taxonomy construction algorithm, ICT, based on object properties of instances in Linked Data. </LI> <LI> The experiments show that ICT outperforms FCA-and Subsumption-based method in a single taxonomy construction. (new bullet point) The experiments show a dramatic reduction of the search space with the faceted taxonomy generated. </LI> </UL> </P>