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In vitro skin permeation of cubosomes containing triclosan
Taek Kwan Kwon,Sung Kyeong Hong,김진철 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1
Monoolein (MO) cubosomes containing triclosan (TCA) were prepared by micronizing MO cubic phases containing TCA in a bath-type sonicator. Pluronic F127 was used as a dispersant and no cubosomes could be produced from monoolein alone in the absence of the dispersant. The maximum tolerable ratio of TCA to MO for the formation of cubic phase was 16:84 (w/w). According to TEM photos and size distributions,the sizes of cubosomes were hundreds of nanometers. Using hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin as a solubilizer for TCA, the in vitro skin permeation of TCA loaded in cubosomes was investigated on a diffusion cell. Even though the concentrations of TCA were the same in the suspensions of cubosomes, the skin permeations were increased more when the ratios of TCA to MO were higher in the cubosomes. Moreover, the permeations were higher than those of TCA suspension in aqueous solution of ethanol or propylene glycol.
In-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI admitted during off hours
( Sung-Soo Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Jeong Gwan Cho ),( Young Keun Ahn ),( Jong Hyun Kim ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Young Jo Kim ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( In Whan Seong ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Dong-hoon Choi 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1
Conflicting results exist on the outcome of off hours PCI in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there were only a few studies that have focused on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of off hours PCI in STEMI. So, we studied the clinical characteristics and hospital mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI during regular hours (weekdays 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM) versus off hours Weekdays 6:01 PM to 8:59 AM, weekends, and holidays) in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. We analyzed in hospital and one year mortality among 5,665 consecutive ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI between November 2005 to January 2008. Total 2,848 (50.2%) patients were treated during off hours. Baseline finding were similar, although regular hours patients were older. Median symptom to balloon time (304 min, IQR 175 to 750 vs. 270 min, IQR 145 to 551, p=0.001) were longer for regular hours primary PCI. Median door to balloon time (71min, IQR: 48 to 132 vs. 59 min, IQR 39 to 110 min, p=0.001) were longer for off hours pPCI. Also, Cardiac enzyme such as Max CK-MB (212.1±299.3 vs 194.7±303.4, p=0.031) and max TnI (72.6±239.5 vs. 58.9±94.4, p=0.013) were increased in off hours pPCI. However, unadjusted in hospital (6.0% off hours vs. 6.0% regular hours, p=0.946) and one year cardiac mortality (11.3% off hours vs. 11.7% regular hours, p=0.661) were comparable. In multivariate analysis, off hours primary PCI did not predict an adverse outcome. In conclusion, when primary PCI was performed within an appropriate reperfusion strategy, the clinical effectiveness of either off hours or regular hours pPCI is comparable.
Hong, Jae Taek,Kim, Jin-Hwan,Kim, Keun-Su,Lee, Chong-Suh,Shin, Hyun-Chul,Kim, Woo-Kyung,Kim, Joo-Han,Lee, Jung-Kil,Kim, In-Soo,Ha, Yoon,Im, Soo-Bin,Kim, Sang Woo,Han, In-Ho,Shin, Jun-Jae,Rim, ByeongCh Wolters Kluwer Health 2018 Medicine Vol.97 No.35
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A number of studies have demonstrated an association of neuropathic pain and chronic low back pain (CLBP), but the outcome difference in each medical management is poorly understood. This study is aimed to investigate treatment patterns of neuropathic pain in CLBP patients and to explore patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including quality of life (QoL) and functional disability by treatment patterns.</P><P>Data were extracted from the neuropathic low back pain (NLBP) outcomes research. It was a multicenter and cross-sectional study in which 1200 patients were enrolled at 27 general hospitals, from 2014 to 2015. Of total, 478 patients classified as neuropathic pain were used for this subgroup analysis. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to treatment patterns (with vs. without the targeted therapy [TT] of neuropathic pain). Demographic and clinical features were collected by chart reviews and PROs were measured by patient's survey. QoL was assessed by EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Functional disability was measured by the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to compare the PROs between TT group and non-targeted therapy (nTT) group.</P><P>Among the NLBP patients (mean age 63years, female 62%), EQ-5D index, EuroQoL-Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS), and QBPDS Scores (mean ± standard deviation) were 0.40 ± 0.28, 54.98 ± 19.98, and 46.03 ± 21.24, respectively. Only 142 (29.7%) patients had pharmacological TT of neuropathic pain. Univariate analyses revealed no significant mean differences between TT group and nTT group in the EQ-5D index (0.41 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.28), EQ-VAS (56.43 ± 18.17 and 54.37 ± 20.69), and QBPDS (45.31 ± 21.32 and 46.31 ± 21.24). After adjustment with covariates, TT group had higher scores of EQ-5D index (β = 0.07; <I>P</I> < 0.01) and EQ-VAS (β = 4.59; <I>P</I> < 0.05) than the nTT group. The TT group's QBPDS score was lower than the nTT group, although its statistical significance still has not been reached (β = −4.13; <I>P</I> = 0.07).</P><P>We found that considerable proportion of the NLBP patients remains untreated or undertreated. Although TT group had significantly better QoL than nTT group, only 29.7% of NLBP patients had pharmacological TT. Therefore, clinicians should consider using TT for better QoL of neuropathic pain patients.</P>
Growth and Characterization of InGaN/GaN MQWs on Two Different Types of Substrate
Taek Sung Kim,Jae Young Park,Tran Viet Cuong,Chang Hee Hong 대한전자공학회 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.2
We report on the growth and characterization of InGaN/GaN MQWs on two different types of sapphire substrates and GaN substrates. The InGaN/GaN MQWs are grown by using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Our analysis of the satellite peaks in the HRXRD patterns shows, GaN substrates InGaN/GaN MQW compared to sapphire substrates InGaN/GaN MQW, more compressive strain on GaN substrates than on sapphire substrates. However, results of optical investigation of InGaN/GaN MQWs grown on GaN substrates and on sapphire substrates, which have lower Stokes-like shift of PL to GaN substrates compared to sapphire substrates, are shown to the potential fluctuation and the quantum-confined Stark effect induced by the built-in internal field due to spontaneous and straininduced piezoelectric polarizations. The InGaN/GaN MQWs are shown to quantify the Stokes-like shift as a function of x.
Analyses of GPR signals for characterization of ground conditions in urban areas
Hong, Won-Taek,Kang, Seonghun,Lee, Sung Jin,Lee, Jong-Sub Elsevier 2018 Journal of applied geophysics Vol.152 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is applied for the characterization of the ground conditions in urban areas. In addition, time domain reflectometry (TDR) and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests are conducted for the accurate analyses of the GPR images. The GPR images are acquired near a ground excavation site, where a ground subsidence occurred and was repaired. Moreover, the relative permittivity and dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI) are profiled through the TDR and DCP tests, respectively. As the ground in the urban area is kept under a low-moisture condition, the relative permittivity, which is inversely related to the electromagnetic impedance, is mainly affected by the dry density and is inversely proportional to the DCPI value. Because the first strong signal in the GPR image is shifted 180° from the emitted signal, the polarity of the electromagnetic wave reflected at the dense layer, where the reflection coefficient is negative, is identical to that of the first strong signal. The temporal-scaled GPR images can be accurately converted into the spatial-scaled GPR images using the relative permittivity determined by the TDR test. The distribution of the loose layer can be accurately estimated by using the spatial-scaled GPR images and reflection characteristics of the electromagnetic wave. Note that the loose layer distribution estimated in this study matches well with the DCPI profile and is visually verified from the endoscopic images. This study demonstrates that the GPR survey complemented by the TDR and DCP tests, may be an effective method for the characterization of ground conditions in an urban area.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GPR, TDR and DCP tests are carried out to characterize the ground condition. </LI> <LI> The relative permittivity measured by TDR can be adopted to convert GPR images. </LI> <LI> The polarity of reflected EM waves shows the ground condition below the interface. </LI> </UL> </P>
A Minority Carrier Lifetime Analysis Method of Silicon Solar Cells for Industrial Application
Sang Hee Lee(이상희),Kwan Hong Min(민관홍),Sungjin Choi(최성진),Hee-eun Song(송희은),Min Gu Kang(강민구),Kyung Taek Jeong(정경택),Jae Ho Yun(윤재호),Taejun Kim(김태준),Sungeun Park(박성은) 한국태양에너지학회 2021 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5
Sung Un Kim(김성은),Dong-Cheol Seo(서동철),Taek-Keun Oh(오택근),Chang Oh Hong(홍창오) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
Previously developed ammonia (NH₃) emission factor in Korea has many drawbacks including poor spatial, measurement period, fertilizer management and high uncertainty. Here we present the new NH₃ emission factor to establish the NH₃ inventory that contains higher resolution in terms of spatial distribution, measurement period, fertilization management and includes more accurate activity levels. Field plots were established at three different locations in Miryang, Jinju and Daejeon from 2020 to 2021. Spring Chinese cabbage was grown for 65 days from April to June each year. Urea was applied at the rates of 0, 160, 320 and 640 kg N ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. Ammonia gas was collected for 80 days using static chambers. Daily NH₃ flux mainly affected by soil water filled pore space (WFPS) and the emission generally peaked after urea application at the above 40% of WFPS at all locations. Daily NH₃ fluxes were significantly correlated with WFPS. The cumulative NH₃ emissions increased with increasing application rate of urea in both years. There was a significant positive relationship between ammonium concentration in soil and cumulative NH₃ emission. Averaged NH₃ emission factor across locations increased over two-year from 0.086 kg NH₃-N kg<SUP>-1</SUP> N in 2020 to 0.167 kg NH₃-N kg<SUP>-1</SUP> N in 2021 and averaged NH₃ emission factors was 0.126 kg NH₃-N kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. This difference of NH₃ emission factors between years might successive urea application. New emission factor in this study was lower than previously published ammonia emission factor (0.141 NH₃-N kg<SUP>-1</SUP> N).