원룸형 주택의 불편사항 및 하자 분석

정회창, 방홍순, 김옥규 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2018 建設技術論文集 Vol.37 No.2

본문 참조

肺結核의 外科的 療法

柳會性 대한의학협회 1976 대한의학협회지 Vol.19 No.8

교원의 노동조합 설립 및 운영 등에 관한 법률과 교원노조 활동에 대한 교원의 인식 연구

정회욱,송정우 木浦大學校 敎育硏究所 2004 교육연구 Vol.16/17 No.-

이 연구는 교원의 노동조합 설립 및 운영 등에 관한 법률과 교원노조 활동에 대한 교원의 인식 연구이다. 본 연구에 따르면, 다수의 교사들은 다음과 같이 인식하고 있다. 교원들의 쟁의행위 허용 주장은 「정상적인 업무를 저해하지 않는」 집단행동 허용을 원하고 있기 때문에 법리적으로는 노조법상 쟁의행위가 아닌 국가공무원법 또는 교육공무원법상 단체행동 허용을 의미한다. 교원노조법에 단체 교섭의 대상에 대한 명문의 규정이 없으므로 인사제도, 교육정책·교육과정에 관한 사항이라고 하더라도 교원의 고용과 밀접불가분의 관계가 있는 사항은 단체교섭의 대상이 되어야 한다. 교원노조의 단체협약은 조합원에게만 적용되는 것이 협약의 본래의 성격이나 사용자가 형평성의 원리에 입각하여 임의로 비조합원에게도 적용하기 때문에 교원노조는 단체협약 체결에서 전체교사의 의견을 반드시 수렴하여야 한다. 그리고 교원노조의 가장 중요한 과제는 이념투쟁이 아니라 단체교섭을 통한 현장교육문제의 해결이라는 의견이 지배적이었다. This study has analysed the teacher's understanding of the 'Law for the Teacher's Union, activities and collective bargaining and showed their claims for the desirable activities from Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union. This study proposed studying assignments to achieve this kind of studying purpose as follows. First, how do the teachers think of 'Law for the Teacher's Union' and what's its problem? Second, how do the teachers think of teachers' union system and what's its improvement? The sample of this study was 342 teachers who work at an elementary, middle and high schools in Tae-baek City, Kang-won Province. Of 342 questionnaires distributed, 308 were returned (response rate was 90.1%), but of 308 questionnaires unreliable 18 were exempt from the application of these samples. This questionnaire data were composed of 32 questions. This statistical methods for data processing were frequencies analysis and Chi-sqare tests by SPSS to find a correlation between individual variation and each questions. This study was analysed as p<.05 within a significant level The conclusion that resulted from the data analysis were as follow. First, the admission of teachers' union of school unit should be decided through full discussion and profound debate, but in reality, the establishment of school unit is impossible because of conflict problems among the teachers' position Second, the permission of both a collective action and political activities of Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union also has to be profoundly discussed because it can be different from teachers' position, their career, or a member of union whether or not. If it is permissible, its permission should only be approved within its limit without a bad influence on study right and teaching-learning, therefore such results are undesirable. Third, according to the law now in force, agenda of collective bargaining is subjected to restriction in elevation of economical and social position of teacher. In spite of being an educational policy now, however, it is necessary for the teachers to expand that as the agenda of collective bargaining as to employment. The dual collective bargaining system of KTEU(Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union) and KFTA(Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations) can have an effect of checks and balances. Fourth, a member of union has to act within the limit of the law and manager should reciprocally endeavor to form democratical administration because a conflict between manager and a member of union in school causes a schism between two parts. Finally, collective agreement between the superintendent of education and teachers' union should be entered into an agreement through procedures of collecting sufficient public opinion. the problem which confronts teachers' union should try to find a solution to the problem without being split in teachers' profession. Moreover teachers' union should be in search of a better solution. It is necessary for pressure group, and to act through playing careful attention to the tends of public opinion and policy-making.

경정배양에 의한 카네이션(Dianthus caryophyllus L.)의 기내증식과 순화

양회형,조경철,김광수,황인택 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

본 실험은 카네이션의 경정배양을 통한 기내증식체계를 확립하고 기내증식과정 중 발생하는 투명묘의 발생을 억제하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 발근과 순화과정을 통합함으로써 그에 따르는 경비와 노동력을 절감할 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 한편, 기내에서 얻은 묘를 직접 재배에 이용할 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 실시하였다. 경정배양에서 생존율은 Benzyladenine (BA) 또는 Kinetin (KI) 0.1㎎/ℓ 첨가한 모든 배지에서 80%이상이었으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 농도가 증가할수록 생존율이 감소하였으며, Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 또는 Indoleacetic acid (LAA) 0.1㎎/ℓ 혼합첨가시에는 2.0㎎/ℓ까지는 농도에 관계없이 모든 처리구에서 생존율이 75%이상이었다. 경정배양에서 얻은 신초의 증식배양에서 LAA나 NAA의 첨가에 관계없이 KI보다 BA를 첨가하면 신초발육이 더 좋았다. MS배지의 무기염류를 4배로 첨가한 4MS배지에서는 신초가 모두 고사하였고, 1 MS배지에서 신초의 발육이 가장 좋았다. Sucrose 무첨가 배지에서 신초의 발육이 가장 좋았다. Sucrose 무첨가 배지에서 신초의 발육은 거의 이루어지지 않았고, sucrose 20㎎/ℓ첨가배지에서 신초의 발육이 가장 좋았다. 한천보다 겔라이트 첨가배지에서 신초의 발육이 좋았다. 배지 pH는 5.0에서 신초의 발육이 가장 양호하였다. 투명화묘의 발생은 경정배양과 계대배양 전과정에서 발생하였고, 한천 또는 겔라이트의 농도를 높여주었을때에 억제되었다. 발근 및 순화단계에서 신초의 발육과 근형성은 sand, vermiculite배지에서 보다 perlite배지에서 더 좋았다. This study was carried out to establish a system for clonal multiplication and preventing vitrification in shoot tip culture of carnation. Combining the two steps of rooting and acclimatization, it may possibly reduce the cost and save the labor for clonal propagation. In addition, the plantlets raised by this one step rooting and acclimatization could be directly transferred to soil. The survival rate was over 80% in the media containing 0.1㎎/ℓ benzyl-adenin (BA) or kinetin (KI), but decreased as the concentration increased. When auxins were added in combination with cytokinins, the survival rate was over 75% regardless of the cytokinin concentration up to 2.0㎎/ℓ. When the in vitro shoots were subcultured, shoot development was better in the media containing BA than those containing KI regardless of addition of indoleacetic acid (LAA) of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot development was the best in the standard MS medium(1xMS), while all the shoots on the medium containing 4 times the inorganic salts of MS medium(4xMS) died. Shoot development in MS medium free of sugar was not noticed. The MS medium containing 20g/ℓsucrose resulted in the best shoot growth. Shoot development was better on the media containing gelrite than those containing agar. The MS medium at pH 5.0 favored the shoot development. Vitrification of shoots occurred during the initial shoot culture as well as during the subculture of the in vitro shoots, but it was suppressed when the concentration of gelrite or agar in the media was increased. As the substrate for rooting and acclimatization of the in vitro shoots, perlite was better than sand or vermiculite.

海運開放化에 對備한 韓國의 海運政策

寄會元 木浦海洋大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

By the enforcement of Uruguay Round 1993. our national policy for shipping should be changed from the protectionism of Waiver system to the Liberalism and be opened to international competition of shipping. While the shipping industries of Korea have weak point in capital and financial structure new alternatives for shipping policy should be developed to be competitive in the international shipping. To save the most important strategic cost factor in th management of ship, capital and crew cost, the following political alternatives are suggested. 1) Improve the system of ship building and purchasing. 2) Develop the subsides of shipping taxes. 3) Promote the motivation of Korean seamen.

소비에트제도의 정착과정에 관한 연구

도회근 울산대학교 1995 사회과학논집 Vol.5 No.2

소비에트제도는 러시아 혁명과정에서 자연발생적으로 나타났던 제도였는데, 1936년 헌법의 채택을 계기로 소련의 중심적 국가기구로 정착되었다. 그 특징은 다수 인민이 입법과 행정과정에 직접 참여하는 이른바 직접민주제의 한 구현제도라는 점이었다. 선거제도, 유권자의 지시, 소환제도 등도 직접민주제의 요소들이었다. 스탈린이 주도한 1936년 헌법채택과정에서 치 요소들은 그대로 도입되었으며 선거제도는 오히려 그전보다 더욱 민주화되었다. 그러나 초기에는 없었던 헌법원리들이 첨가됨으로써 이 계도는 비민주적으로 운영되고 말았다. 민주적 중앙집권주의, 사회주의적 적법성, 공산당의 지도적 역할 등의 원리가 그것이다. 이 원리들은 민주성과 중앙집권성의 양 측면을 모두 갖고 있었는데 실제 운영에는 후자가 압도적으로 우세하였던 것이다. 소비에트제도는 이처럼 양면성을 가진 원리들의 지원을 받았고 중앙집권적으로 운영됨으로써 이후 독재의 기구로 변하고 말았던 것이다 The soviet system emerged spontaneously in the course of the Russian Revolution, and became a key governmental organization of the USSR when the 1936 Constitution was adopted. It is supposed to be the realization of the so-called direct democracy where the majority of the people participated in the legislative and administrative process. Other elements of direct democracy included electoral system, voters' mandate and recall system, which were introduced in the 1936 Constitution of which Stalin directed the adoption process. The electoral system became more democratic than before, but the soviet system was administered undemocratically because other new constitutional principles were added to the Constitution - democratic centralism, socialist legality and the leading role of the CPSU, for instance. These principles had both democratic and centralistic elements, but in reality, the latter overwhelmed the former. The soviet system thus became a tool of dictatorship when it was supplemented by these principles that had contradicting elements in themselves and was administered centralistically.

無調音樂 創作書法에 관한 硏究 : The presentation of a writing method of the atonality disposition according to the Oriental painting 無調性의 出現根據와 東洋繪晝에 의한 書法提示

金會永 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.51 No.1

It has been possible to vaguely understand through the idea of the Oriental painting that the world with the continued repeat, chang and order of all things in the universe and blooming and falling flowers is the arts and world of harmony rather than science. The oriental art is to understand the natural world and all its things including human beings on the basis of their mutually organic relations. While the Western music is scientific, the Oriental one is static to pursue not the scientific world but an aesthetic stage, which is the unified art having the mutual consensus among writing, paintings and music according to an aesthetic basis by examining the orginal character of thinking. It can be understood that these characteristics of the Oriental art are different from those of the western art. The western music world when its musical art attained the highest perfection centering around tonality, was arrested by W. R. Wagner. After Occidental civilization was spread to the Orient and oriental old books were introduced into the West with the remarkably changing history, however, C. A. Debussy of impressionism used both mysterious sound of the Orient and aesthetic and mental elements for his creative activities so that the direction was suddenly turned. The basic power of his expression idiom was based on the nature which was the theme of C. Monet and impressionist painters. Also, the consensus of the deep-feeling with gamelan music resulted from those mysterious mental elements of the Orient while mastering the aesthetic feeling of the spiritual ear based on natural mystery because the Oriental painitings or ideas emphasized nature. As a result, it caused an imagination beyond reality so that atonality music with tone color could be created instead of tonality. From the standpoint of artisitic mental, there was a very intimately consensus between A. Schoenberg and W. Kandinsky which was unified into a different type of art from combination of visual abstract paintings and aural atonality so that their unification of artistry was considered as the key position essential for the Western art history in the 20th century. Regarding the expression idiom of C. A. Debussy, A. Schoenberg, J. Cage and O. Messiaen and others, atonality showed a different degree of art featuring combination of wider 'Symmetry of Unsymmetry' which was free from the center of opposed and limited axis in the main key center and fifth-sounds as the extreme things required and antithetical indispensability in natural phenomenon, the scale of expression was expended in the transcendental area of atonality disposition rather than thonality disposition. As showed the etymology that the extreme things required and antithetical indispensability, according to the circulating principle of all things in the universe, the Western creative world focused on the meaningful classic of the Orient, when the world having been attracted by the chromatism or chromatic freedom principle new sound instead of musical theme or melody. Therefore, on stroke of a denoument was made on with Wagner as its starting point from the symmetrical beauty structure such as KA-NA-KA(A-B-A ; Exposition-Development-Recapitulation). Finally, the musical art with atonality found its way out to the aesthetic expression of spiritual ears and eyes by using its unsymmetry, in which both Oriental class and painting idea played an important role as stated earlier. Although a desert outwardly seems to be a useless land, it contains a lot of invisible resources. Similarly, this atonality with tonality as symmetry with unsymmetry includes the original characteristics of art which are invisible and can not be heard. When the writing method of spiritual eyes and ears is mastered, it seems that an expression can be done not by description, but by feeling. Although there may a difference according to persons in the creative art world of atonality music, a question is caused whenever hearing such sayings as Korean or racial type from the persons or artists who are faced with the atonality music. The important suggestion concerning the writing method in this study is not to show the creative method by combining the Korean or Oriental people's original wind and stringed instruments with the vivid realtune or orchestra of national classical music, but to indicate its writing method within the range available to create an aesthetic expression. The Western composers turned their eyes to a non-western type of new sound because they mastered th principle of composing and writing methods which have a differnet level of wider and unlimited fields beyond their limited aesthetic expression from the mentality of the Orient caused by their mental poverty.

헌법과 통일문제

도회근 울산대학교 1996 사회과학논집 Vol.5 No.3

우리 헌법은 통일에 관련된 조항을 몇군데 두고 있다. 그 중 영토조항(제3조)와 평화통일조항(제4조)이 서로 상충되는 것처럼 규정되어 있어 기의 해석에 대하여서로 다른 학설이 대립되어 왔다. 다수설과 판례는 북한지역도 대한민국의 영토라고 해석하고 북한의 국가성을 인정하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 불법반국가단체로 보아왔다. 그런데 이러한 해석은 오늘날의 국내외 상황과 부합되지 않으므로 헌법개정론, 헌법변천론 등이 제기되었다. 영토조항은 대한민국이 앞으로 달성해아 할 목표를 제시하고 있는 이념적·역사적·미래지향적·프로그램적 성격의 조항이고, 평화통일조항은 그 목표를 달성하기 위한 절차와 방법과 내용을 규정하고 있는 구체적·법적 성격의 조항이라고 보아야 한다. 이러한 우리 헌법의 해석에 따르면, 남한주도의 흡수통일방안과 제3의 체제로의 합의통일방안만이 헌법에 합치되는 통일방안이 된다. 정부는 헌법에 합치되는 통일방안을 수립·추진하여야 할 것이다. There are several clauses related to reunification of Korea in the constitution. In them, two clauses, the territory clause (art. 3) and the peaceful reunification clause(art. 4) look contradictory each other, so there are several views on their interpretation. Majority views and the Supreme Court decision deny North Korea as a state, and say that the northern part of the Korean Peninsula is a part of terriotry of the R.O.K. As for today's domestic and international situation, such an interpretation cannot be justified. So some say that the constitution should be revised, others explain the territory clause as a theory of constitutional change. But I interprete two clauses as following; The territory clause with ideologic, historical, future-oriented, and programmatic character prescribes a goal that Korea should attain in the future, and the peaceful reunification clause with concrete and legal character presecribes a procedure, method and content that Korea should follow in order to attain such a goal. According to our interpretation, two methods of reunification are constitutional. One is absorption of North Korea by South, the other is reunification to the 3rd system on the basis of consensus between South and North Korea. Korean government should formulate and carry out the constitutional reunification policy.

健康資本模型에 의한 家計 保健醫療費 支出의 時系列分析 : A Health Capital Approach 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性의 推定

李會京,孔文基 韓國計量經濟學會 1997 계량경제학보 Vol.8 No.-

본 論文은 家計 保健醫療費 支出의 결정과정을 生涯週期이론에 근거한 健康資本모형으로서 분석한다. Grossman의 모형을 일반화시킨 消費支出과 保健醫療費 支出의 동시결정모형은 不安定한 시계열 간에 장기적으로 안정적인 관계인 共積分制約이 존재함을 함의하며, 共積分回歸분석을 통해 保健醫療費 支出의 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性을 추정할 수 있다. 韓國의 도시가계 조사 자료를 이용한 실증분석결과, 家計 保健醫療費 支出은 健康資本모형에 의하여 설명될 수 있으며, 비탄력적인 價格彈力性과 支出彈力性을 얻었다. 특히 1970년대 후반부터 안정적인 값을 나타내는 彈力性값은 全國民醫療保險制度下에서의 超過需要와 誘因需要의가능성, 家計部門에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 公共部門의 역할 등에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다.

해방기의 젠더정치

임회록 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2013 코기토 Vol.- No.73

이 글은 식민지 조선이 해방된 후에 민족/ 국민국가 건설과정에서 배제되거나 추방될 수밖에 없었던 일본인여성들의 삶을 살펴보는 글이다. 일제의 패망 후 식민지 조선의 지식인들은 민족/ 국민국가의 만들기에 동참하기위해 일본적인 것들의 흔적을 지워야했다. 또한 단일민족이라는 상상의 공동체를 창출하기위해 ‘피’의 순수성을 주장했으며 이것은 ‘순수한 혈통’의 국민을 재생산하는 ‘모성’의 역할을 강조하는 것으로 이어졌다. 해방기에 미군정의 지원하에 우익계열의 신문이나 잡지가 담론을 주도해 나가면서 ‘현모양처’ 담론이 범람하기 시작했다. ‘현모양처’ 담론과 대비되는 지점에서 ‘풍기문란’이 사회문제가 되고 일본인 여성들 또한 풍기문란의 주범으로 지탄의 대상이 되었다. 따라서 ‘현모양처’ 범주에 들 수 없는 일본인 여성들은 가부장적인 한국사회에서 자신의 존재를 비가시화한 채 살 수밖에 없었다.결혼이주의 원조라고도 할 수 있는 이들 일본인 여성들은 한국사회에서 민족적 측면에서도 비국민이 될 수밖에 없었고 젠더적 측면에서도 비국민의 지위에 있어야 했다. 한국사회에서 이중 삼중의 차별과 배제 속에서 살았던 일본인 여성들의 삶은 일본 제국주의의 아시아 침략전쟁에 기인하여, 일본의 패전에 따른 대규모의 이동(귀환), 그리고 한반도 분할 점령이라는 냉전의 구조 속에 놓여있다. 한국 사회의 모든 일본인 여성들이 비국민의 단일한 삶을 살았던 것은 아니지만 대부분의 일본인 여성들은 한일수교 이전까지 국적도 가지지 못한 채유령처럼 살아야 했다. 해방기 조선에 있었던 일본 여성들의 삶은 일본제국의 성립과 패망, 그리고 냉전이라는 질곡이 개인의 삶에 어떻게 개입하는지를 고스란히 보여주는 삶이었다. The text allows you to know that the lives of Japanese women were ruled out from building a modern nation of Liberation Periods in Korea through literary works. I looked into how educated men in Korea suppressed others in order to achieve a nation-state during Liberation Periods. Above all, men in Joseon Dynasty had tried to clear away the remnants of Japanese colonialism after the liberation. They also expelled Japanese women from the country in the process of reconstructing their identities. Japanese women getting married with Korean men were excluded from Japan on account of their marriage. The Japanese women having lived in Korea after their intermarriage went through lots of discrimination. Their lives are associated with Asian wars of aggression by Japanese Imperialism and the return from Japanese army’s defeat on a large scale. Furthermore, they lies in the structure of the Cold War and are related to the Korean War. Therefore, to examine the Japanese women’s lives in Korean Liberation Periods is not only to learn their sufferings but also to get to know the vestiges of Colonialism that still remains today when people are crying out for decolonization.