N-acetyl cysteine inhibits H2O2-mediated reduction in the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

( Daewoo Lee ),( Sung Ho Kook ),( Hyeok Ji ),( Seung Ah Lee ),( Ki Choon Choi ),( Kyung Yeol Lee ),( Jeong Chae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 2015 BMB Reports Vol.48 No.11

There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or both. Exposing the cells to H2O2 decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In contrast, H2O2 treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by H2O2 to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2O2-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is inhibited by NAC. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 636-641]

Korean black ginseng extract alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome via TLR2 and TLR4 modulation

Yujeong Ha,Hyo-Sung Jo,Tae Woo Kwon,Seung Ho Jeon,Sang-Kwan Moon,Ji Hoon Jung,Min Soo Kim,Seung-Yeol Nah,Jong Kil Lee,Ik-Hyun Cho The Korean Society of Ginseng 2025 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.49 No.3

Background: Korean black ginseng, a specially processed ginseng through repeat steaming and drying, has various pharmacological effects. However, its role in cognitive impairment remains unclear. Purpose and methods: This study examined whether Korean black ginseng extract (BGE; 50 and 100 mg/kg, orally, 18 weeks) may mitigate cognitive impairment in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results: BGE significantly improved cognitive performance in 5xFAD mice, associated with reduced Aβ accumulation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. BGE suppressed microglial and astrocytic activation, alongside the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase). These changes coincided with the inhibition of key inflammatory signaling pathways, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, BGE reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the nuclear-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the brains linked to the downregulation of toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 in the brain. Conclusion: Taken together, BGE could improve AD-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration by simultaneously regulating anti-inflammatory pathways (p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasome) and an antioxidant pathway (Nrf2/HO-1) via modulation of TLR2/4.

Involvement of Nrf2-Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mollugin-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells

Lee, Young-Man,Auh, Q-Schick,Lee, Deok-Won,Kim, Jun-Yeol,Jung, Ha-Jin,Lee, Seung-Ho,Kim, Eun-Cheol Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 BioMed research international Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Although previous studies have shown that mollugin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from <I>Rubia cordifolia</I> L. (Rubiaceae), exhibits antitumor effects, its biological activity in oral cancer has not been reported. We thus investigated the effects and putative mechanism of apoptosis induced by mollugin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs). Results show that mollugin induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner in primary and metastatic OSCCs. Mollugin-induced cell death involved apoptosis, characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, flow cytometric analysis of sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> phase arrest, and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that mollugin suppressed activation of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B-dependent gene products involved in antiapoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl), invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1), and angiogenesis (FGF-2 and VEGF). Furthermore, mollugin induced the activation of p38, ERK, and JNK and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HO-1 were reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, this is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B.</P>

문자매체와 영상매체의 장르전환

최호열 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 人文科學論集 Vol.54 No.-

Dans l’adaptation d’un roman pour le cinéma, le plus important, ce serait de garder la continuité entre les originals et les adaptés, et en même temps de créer la nouveauté. Dans cette étude, nous voulons essayer de trouver cette contradiction qu’on peut trouver au cours de l’adaptation, en comparant Les pluies saisonnières de Younhengil au film adapté de ce roman par KBS Media; et aussi le conte La poule qui sort de la cour de Whangseunmi au film d’animation adapté de ce conte. D’abord nous avons constaté que les oeuvres littérales ont l’avantage de la description psychologique des personnages; en réalité le cinéma aurait plus de difficulté pour bien poursuivre le cours psychologique des personnages avec des images. Par contre les oeuvres en image ont l’avantage de montrer plus facilement les événements par des images, et d'intéresser plus directement les spectateurs aux intrigues. En fait, le film d’animation a changé de l’atmosphère philosophique du conte en introduisant de nouveaux caractères et surtout le concours des canards. Enfin nous avons trouvé qu’il faut considérer avant l’adaptation, pour bien réussir au ‘storytelling’, ce genre des avantages et des désavantages.

국가문화와 기업문화의 차이가 소요지분과 통제시스템에 미치는 영향

방호열,전선영 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 2002 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.21 No.1

국제경영활동을 수행하고 있는 기업들이 현지국에서 직면하는 수많은 어려움은 현지문화를 정확히 이해하지 못하는데서 비롯되는 경우가 많다. 사실 각 국가들은 나름대로의 독특한 문화를 가지고 있으면서도 다른 문화와의 접촉을 통해 그 성격이 다양하고 복잡해졌기 때문에 기업이 수많은 나라의 다양한 문화에 효율적으로 대응한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 해외사장에 투자하여 해외자회사를 운영하고 있는 우리 나라의 제조기업을 대상으로 본사의 기업문화와 해외자회사의 국가문화적 차이를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 해외자회사의 경영활동에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 분석할 것이다. 이를 보다 구체적으로 보면, 첫째, 소유지분을 결정하는 요인 중의 하나로써 문화적 차이가 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하고, 둘째, 문화적 차이가 저원가전략과 차별화전략과 같은 국제경쟁전략에 미치는 영향, 셋째, 투입통제, 행위통제, 산출통제과 같은 통제시스템에 문화적 차이가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 선행연구를 바탕으로 분석할 것이다. 본 연구의 실증분석의 결과를 정리하면, 본사와 해외자회사의 문화적 차이가 작을수록 소유지분이 커질 것이라는 가설을 기각되었지만, 투자규모와 적당한 합작투자 파트너의 존재유무가가 소유지분을 결정하는데 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났다.

SSE-CMM 과 ISO/IEC 12207 의 IT보안감리 프로세스 비교

권호열 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 정보통신논문지 Vol.8 No.-

This paper presents IT secunty audtmg process model based on I S O 1 ~ framework First. we discussed several IT security auditing models including ISO/IEC 12207, SPICE, GMITS, BS5799. and SSE-CMM. And we studied for a typical IT system architecture, i.e., Web-based Information System And a process model of System Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM). Then, we compared the ISO/IEC 12207 process framework and SSE-CMM processes Finally, we suggested an improved SSE-CMM process model based on the mapping table of IS0 122M In conclusion, some research topics that related to this paper are presented for further study.

현행 행위무능력자법제와 후견법제에 관한 고찰

송호열 인제대학교 전자법학연구소 2007 전자법학연구 Vol.- No.7

현행법제상 권리를 취득하거나 의무를 취득하거나 부담하기 위한 행위를 단독으로 할 수 있는 능력을 行爲能力이라고 하고, 이러한 행위능력을 가지지 않는 자를 無能力者라고 하고 한다. 즉 민법상 무능력자라 함은 단독으로 권리를 취득하거나 의무를 부담할 수 있는 행위능력을 가지지못한 자를 말한다. 이러한 무능력자는 단독으로 법률행위를 할 수 없으므로 法定代理人의 同意를 얻거나 법정대리인이 代理하여 행위를 하여야 한다. 그렇지 않은 경우에는 후에 행위가 取消되어 無效로 될 위험이 있 다.

북한의 주변정세 인식과 대응전략 : The DPRK Foreign Policy Since the Perry Report 페리보고서 이후 북한의 대외정책을 중심으로

유호열 고려대학교 북한학연구소 2000 北韓學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

The great change within the former socialist bloc, the death of the former DPRK President Kim Il Sung, the severe economic problems, including shortages of food, have had great impacts on North Korea's external relations in the 1990s. At the end of the century, North Korea seemed to open the new era with Kim Jong Il by placing him as the chairman of the powerful Military Commission, the highest position in the DPRK. At the first session of the 10th Supreme People's Assembly, on September 1998, North Korea adopted a new constitution declared that it would not give up its socialist system under the slogan of "Strong and Prosperous State." In 1999, it seem more likely that Pyongyang has overcome the most serious economic setback caused by the shortages of food, and therefore will be more active in its foreign relations. Since the 6th Party Congress, on October 1980, when the DPRK proclaimed that it would pursue Self-reliance, Friendship, and Peace as the three important foreign policy goals, Pyongyang has developed various strategies and tactics to fulfill those goals. While Pyongyang has maintained those official and declared diplomatic goals, it has also revealed its flexibility and practical rationality. In the context of the changing environment, the DPRK adhered to its principle of self-reliance, while practicing international cooperation. However, it has also shown mutually exclusive attitude in diplomacy; closed and isolated posture tempered with open and reform-mindedness; aggressive and active behaviors mixed with defensive and passive attitudes; and near brinkrnanship method of negotiation moderated with a business-like approach. Throughout the 1990s, the DPRK has attempted to achieve at least three major tasks ill its international relations: survival of its system, economic development, and self-respect or national pride. The DPRK has perceived the Western world, including South Korea, to continue its containment policy against North Korea. Furthermore, Pyongyang has a strong doubt about the Western efforts to expand exchanges and cooperation with North Korea as being tricks of transforming the DPRK. On the other hand, the DPRK has a perception that there are some critical differences among Washington DC, Seoul, and Tokyo in dealing with Pyongyang. The order of preferences in foreign policy goals and capabilities of the three countries does not match perfectly. Thus, it seems quite natural that North Korea has made efforts to widen the gap among the three nations by concentrating on its diplomatic deals with Washington. The so-called "Tong-Mi-Bong-Nam" policy(Negotiating with the US while Keeping Out South Korea) signifies the reality of the DPRK's foreign policy at the turn of the century. Under the new circumstance, a comprehensive approach with a package deal, including the easing of economic sanctions against the DPRK and the improvement of US-DPRK and Japan-DPRK relations, would help the DPRK adopt change and opening. This would finally lead to the elimination of the cold war structure on the Korean Peninsula. However, this change would not guarantee the improvement in inter-Korean relations. The Agreed Framework (The Geneva Agreement), although it solved the DPRK nuclear problem temporarily, never brought about the improvement of the inter-Korean relations. The Kumch'angri underground facility, which triggered another crisis on the Korean Peninsula, could keep on repeating in the future. On the other hand, if US and Japanese business firms could rush into North Korea as the economic sanctions against North Korea were relaxed, it would be possible for South Korea either to be included in or excluded from doing business with North Korea. It is necessary to maximize the positive effects and minimize negative effects, as much as possible, if the comprehensive approach to the Korean problem with a package deal is ever adopted. The improvement of the US-DPRK relations could end the incentive for the inter-Korea dialogue. Thus, the United States should have close and sincere consultations with South Korean and Japanese counterparts prior to negotiations with the DPRK delegates. In response to Pyongyang's endeavors to exclude the South Korean government, the exchanges and cooperation between non-governmental agencies that Pyongyang permits, should be encouraged and supported.

교수법 개선을 위한 설문 조사 연구

최호열 청주대학교 학술연구소 2005 淸大學術論集 Vol.3 No.S

We said that the field of education is far behind in comparison with the other fields, economy, culture, etc, in Korea. Therefore, we often advocated the fundamental reform in education to keep up with the other fields. But we should not overlook that in modem Korea history the driving force of economic growth is originated in education. Today, the intense aspiration toward education is known all over the world and the quantitative increase in educational institutes are surpassing the advanced country. The problems that we face are converting the quantitative to quality in education. At this point of time, the universities in Korea are fortunately established a e-Learning Center and invested heavily in education. To sum up this treatise, we find that the students have a preference over classes that is progressed by means of beneficial and interesting content based on professor's own experience. More than anything else. this teaching method is effectively transmitted to the students in contrast to the classes utilizing the high-technology multimedia instrument. Consequently, we think that this high-tech multimedia instrument is not compulsory but subsidiary in teaching the students. Finally, this treatise is not shirked one's responsibility by the judgement as partial and shallow survey. But this is at least useful to the development of teaching method as a fundamental material. Also, we expect significantly that this treatise provides momentum for the thorough study in this field.

발자크 소설에 나타난 눈의 상징적 의미

최호열 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 2007 人文科學論集 Vol.36 No.-

Dans cette ?tude, nous avons pour but de trouver le sens de la diff?rence des couleurs des yeux entre chez la Com?die humaine d'Honor? de Balzac et chez les Fran?ais dans le monde r?el. Plus de la moiti? des Fran?ais d'aujourd'hui ont les yeux bruns; et les yeux noirs sont tr?s rares. Par contre, dans le monde de la Com?die humaine les yeux bruns sont rares et les yeux noirs et gris sont aussi nombreux que les yeux bleus. Alors quelle est la raison de cette proportion d?s?quilibr?e? Nous avons d'abord ?tudi? la signification physiognomonique des couleurs des yeux chez les personnages balzaciens: les yeux noirs symbolisent le mat?rialisme et la passion; les yeux bleus l'id?alisme. En plus, les couleurs plus fonc?es et ?tranges, par exemple vertes, rouges, jaunes, etc, sont l'enbl?me de la malheur et du destin sinistre. Ici il faut nous rappeller que Balzac est un ?crivain qui a voulu cr?er des types de passions. Alors il est normal que Balzac a besoin de cr?er des personnages qui ont les yeux noirs et plus fonc?s. Key words : Hono? de Balzac, la Com?die humaine, les Couleurs des yeux, la passion, la description