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Coix seed extract attenuates the high-fat induced mouse obesity via PPARγ and C/EBPα downregulation
Eun-Kyeong Choi,Yu Jeong Cho,Hea Jung Yang,Ki-Suk Kim,In-Seung Lee,Jong-Chan Jang,Kang-Hoon Kim,Ji Hyun Bang,Yumi Kim,Se Hoon Kim,Young-Hwan Cho,Na Young Yoon,Young Pyo Jang,Mi-Yeon Song,Hyeung-Jin Ja 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.2
The seed of the Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf seed (CLMS) extract has been prescribed to alleviate obesity by practitioners of traditional Korean medicine. Here, we investigated the effect of CLMS extract on PPARγ 2 and c/EBPα and obesity responses in C57BL/6J obese mice fed on a high fat diet. The mouse body index, blood profile, and fat accumulation levels in the liver were measured. The protein expression levels of PPARγ 2 and c/EBPα in the mice livers were also measured to determine the molecular mode-of-action of the reducing effect of CLMS extract on mouse adipogenesis. The results showed that HFDinduced mouse obesity, fat accumulation, and serum cholesterol were alleviated by the CLMS extract addition. Moreover, PPARγ 2 and c/EBPα, proteins, those are related to the adipogenesis, were downregulated by the CLMS extract intake considerably. This study indicates that as a food additive, CLMS extract has a reducing effect on the high-fat diet induced fat accumulation and on body weight through the downregulation of adipogenesis.
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Jho, Eun Hea,Im, Jinwoo,Yang, Kyung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Kyoungphile Elsevier 2015 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was set to investigate the changes in the toxicity of arsenic (As)-contaminated soils after washing with phosphate solutions. The soil samples collected from two locations (A: rice paddy and B: forest land) of a former smelter site were contaminated with a similar level of As. Soil washing (0.5M phosphate solution for 2h) removed 24.5% As, on average, in soil from both locations. Regardless of soil washing, Location A soil toxicities, determined using Microtox, were greater than that of Location B and this could be largely attributed to different soil particle size distribution. With soils from both locations, the changes in As chemical forms resulted in either similar or greater toxicities after washing. This emphasizes the importance of considering ecotoxicological aspects, which are likely to differ depending on soil particle size distribution and changes in As chemical forms, in addition to the total concentration based remedial goals, in producing ecotoxicologically-sound soils for reuse. In addition, calcium phosphate used as the washing solution seemed to contribute more on the toxic effects of the washed soils than potassium phosphate and ammonium phosphate. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to use potassium or ammonium phosphate than calcium phosphate for phosphate-aided soil washing of the As-contaminated soils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> As removal by soil washing may not reduce soil toxicity of As-contaminated soils. </LI> <LI> Negligible changes in soil toxicity could be due to changes in As chemical forms. </LI> <LI> Soil particle size distribution could affect soil toxicity following soil washing. </LI> <LI> Type of cations associated with phosphate affected toxicities of the washed soils. </LI> <LI> Ecotoxicological aspects need to be considered for reuse of soil after soil washing. </LI> </UL> </P>
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이양원 ( Yang Woon Lee ),정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),성혜정 ( Hea Jung Sung ),강윤구 ( Yoon Goo Kang ),홍소림 ( So Lim Hong ),조강원 ( Kang Won Cho ),강동훈 ( Donghoon Kang ),이인희 ( In Hee Lee ),전은정 ( Eun Jung Jeon ) 대한소화기학회 2014 대한소화기학회지 Vol.64 No.6
Background/Aims: In pediatrics, endoscopic examination has become a common procedure for evaluation of gastrointestinal presentations. However, there are limited data on pediatric endoscopy in Korea. The aim of this study was to analyze the current status and clinical impacts of endoscopic examination in children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of outpatients who visited the tertiary hospital. Patients under 18 years of age who underwent endoscopy were included. Endoscopic findings were classified as specific and normal based on gross findings. Specific endoscopic findings were reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and Mallory-Weiss tear. Other findings included acute gastritis classified according to the updated Sydney system. Results: In 722 of 330,350 patients (0.2%), endoscopic examination (554 esophagogastroduodenoscopies [EGDs], 121 colonoscopies, 47 sigmoidoscopies) was performed between January 2008 and January 2013. In EGD, abdominal pain was the most frequent presentation (64.1%). The most common diagnosis was gastritis (53.2%), followed by reflux esophagitis. The frequency of peptic ulcer disease was 12.8%. Frequent symptoms leading to colonoscopic examination were abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia. In colonoscopy, a negative result was more likely in children younger than 7 years old. After the procedure, the diagnostic yield of EGD and colonoscopy was 88.1% and 45.8%, respectively, and the rate of change in management was 67.1%. Conclusions: In pediatrics, endoscopic examination was useful for the choice of therapeutic strategy and it would be a standard method for evaluation of gastrointestinal presentation. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:333-339)
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추출 온도 및 시간에 따른 현초 열수 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성
성혜미(Hea-Mi Sung),서예슬(Ye-Seul Seo),양은주(Eun Ju Yang) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.10
본 연구에서는 현초 열수 추출물의 주요 플라보노이드 성분을 분석하고, 열수 추출 조건에 따른 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 조사하였다. 현초 열수 추출물의 HPLC 분석결과 quercetin과 kaempferol이 검출되었으며, kaempferol이 가장 함량이 많은 성분으로 확인되었다. 현초를 50°C, 70°C, 90°C의 온도에서 각각 1시간 동안 열수 추출한 후 추출물의 추출 수율, kaempferol 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능, NO 생성 억제능을 측정하였다. 모든 평가항목에서 90°C 열수 추출물이 유의적으로 우수한 결과를 나타내어, 추출 온도를 90°C로 선정한 다음 추출 시간에 따른 평가를 진행하였다. 90°C에서 각각 1, 2, 3, 4시간 열수 추출한 추출물의 수율은 1시간 추출물의 12.5%에 비해 2시간 이상의 추출에서 16.5~17.0%로 높게 측정되었다. Kaempferol 함량은 2시간 추출에서 1.40 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 이후 추출 시간이 증가할수록 감소하여 4시간 추출에서 0.92 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과 12.5 μg/mL의 농도에서 1시간 추출물은 각각 36.4%와 35.4%의 소거능을 나타냈으나, 2시간 추출물은 각각 48.2%와 48.1%의 더 높은 소거능을 나타내었으며, 2~4시간 추출물에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. LPS로 NO 생성을 유도한 대식세포에 추출시간에 따른 열수 추출물을 10 μg/mL로 처리하여 NO 생성억제능을 비교한 결과 LPS 처리군에 비해 1시간 추출물은 35%의 억제율을 보였으나, 2~4시간 추출물은 67~68%의 2배 정도 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 추출시간에 따른 현초 열수 추출물의 항염증 활성을 염증매개인자의 mRNA 발현억제 효과로 비교하였다. 열수 추출물 10 μg/mL의 농도에서 iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6의 mRNA 발현 억제율은 2시간 추출물에서 각각 76%, 66%, 76%, 79%로 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타내었다. In this study, we investigated major flavonoids in the hot water extract from Geranium thunbergii. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography showed that hot water extract from G. thunbergii contained 2 flavonoids, of which the major one was kaempferol followed by quercetin. Also, G. thunbergii was extracted at different temperatures (50°C, 70°C, and 90°C) and times (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and the hot water extracts were evaluated for extraction yield, kaempferol content, anti-oxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The extraction yield, kaempferol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity increased as the extraction temperature increased. In the evaluation of the extraction time of G. thunbergii, the content of kaempferol was highest after 2 h of extraction, but the extraction yield, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, as well as the NO inhibitory activity were not different after more than 2 h of extraction. We further investigated the effects of hot water extract from G. thunbergii with different extraction times on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At 10 μg/mL, hot water extract with an extraction time of 2 h showed the highest decrease in expression of pro-inflammatory genes among hot water extracts with different extraction times. Based on these results, we suggest that the optimum hot water extract conditions of G. thunbergii are 90°C for 2 h and that hot water extract from G. thunbergii has the potential for use as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Ryu, Hea Jin,Kim, Ji-Eun,Kim, Yeon-Joo,Kim, Ji-Yang,Kim, Won I L,Choi, So-Yeon,Kim, Min-Ju,Kang, Tae-Cheon Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2013 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.33 No.4
<P>Transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) is a nonselective cation channel permeable to Ca(2+), which express in many cell types, including neurons. However the alterations in TRPC receptor expressions in response to status epilepticus (SE) have not been explored. Therefore, the present study was designated to elucidate the roles of TRPC3 in neuronal death and vasogenic edema within the rat piriform cortex (PC) following SE. In non-SE animals, TRPC3 immunoreactivity was abundantly detected in the PC. Following SE, TRPC3 immunoreactivity was increased in neurons. Furthermore, TRPC3 expression was detected in endothelial cells that did not contain it in non-SE animals. Loss of SMI-71 (a blood-brain barrier antigen) immunoreactivity was also observed in TRPC3 positive endothelial cells. In addition, FJB positive neurons and vasogenic edema were noticeably detected in the PC. To directly determine whether TRPC3 activation is correlated to SE-induced vasogenic edema formation and neuronal damages in the PC, the effect of Pyr-3 (a TRPC3 antagonist) on SE-induced insults were investigated. Pyr-3 infusion effectively attenuated vasogenic edema in the PC as compared to the vehicle. Therefore, our findings indicate that TRPC3 activation/overexpression induced by SE may involve BBB disruption and neuronal damages in the rat PC following SE. Therefore, the present study was TRPC3 may play an important role in SE-induced vasogenic edema formation through BBB disruptions in the rat PC.</P>
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Characterization of the ERK homologue CpMK2 from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica
Choi, Eun-Sil,Chung, Hea-Jong,Kim, Myoung-Ju,Park, Seung-Moon,Cha, Byeong-Jin,Yang, Moon-Sik,Kim, Dae-Hyuk Microbiology Society 2005 Microbiology Vol.151 No.5
<P>The Cryphonectria parasitica gene cpmk2, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase belonging to the yeast extracellular signalling-regulated kinase (YERK1) subfamily, was isolated and its biological function was examined. Disruption of cpmk2 resulted in impaired pigmentation and abolished conidiation. Growth defects were observed in the cpmk2 mutant grown on solid plates, but growth of the mutant appeared normal in liquid media, including EP complete and PD broth, suggesting that the cpmk2 gene is involved in sensing and responding to growth conditions. The mutant's production of laccase, as measured by the size of the coloured area produced on tannic-acid-supplemented plates, was significantly reduced compared with the wild-type, but the intensity of the coloured area was unchanged, suggesting that the reduced laccase activity was owing to reduced growth on solid media rather than transcriptional downregulation. A dramatic reduction observed in the canker area produced by the cpmk2 mutant compared with the wild-type, even more severe than that of a hypovirulent strain, can also be ascribed to defective growth on solid surfaces rather than to impairments in a virulence factor(s). Downregulation of the pheromone gene Mf2/1 was also observed in the mutant, indicating a possible explanation for the regulation of the pheromone precursor gene in filamentous fungi and suggesting the presence of the yeast-like pheromone-responsive pathway in C. parasitica. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the phosphorylation level of CpMK2 increased in both virus-free and virus-containing strains in liquid cultures of up to 5 days old and decreased in older cultures. Moreover, the CpMK2 phosphorylation level increased in both strains after transfer from liquid to solid medium. However, levels of phosphorylated CpMK2 were similar in the two strains, suggesting that CpMK2, unlike CpMK1, is not under the direct control of a hypovirus.</P>
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