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Single- and repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity study of MDM hydantoin in Sprague–Dawley rats
Won Hansol,Lee Jin Hee,Seok Ji-Hyun,Jung Kikyung,Yang Jun-Young,Jeong Jayoung,Lee Jong Kwon 한국독성학회 2021 Toxicological Research Vol.37 No.1
1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (MDM hydantoin) is a commonly used antiseptic preservative in cosmetics. However, limited toxicity information data are available for this chemical. The aim of this study was to obtain toxicity data for MDM hydantoin through single- and repeated-dose toxicity studies in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. In the single-dose toxicity study, MDM hydantoin was administered once orally to SD rats at four doses (5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/ kg/day). There was no significant difference in mortality, clinical signs, and body weight change for 14 days among the animals treated with the different doses in this study. Hence, the approximate lethal dose of MDM hydantoin was considered higher than 2000 mg/kg/day. Based on the results of the dose-range finding study, a 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study was conducted. MDM hydantoin was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day throughout an experimental period of 28 days. In the repeated-dose oral toxicity study, the adverse effects caused by MDM hydantoin were not detected in terms of body weight, clinical signs, food and water intake, hematology, organ weights, gross pathology, and histopathology. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of MDM hydantoin was considered to be greater than 1000 mg/kg/day.
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이한솔 ( Hansol Lee ),황원중 ( Won Joung Hwang ),이현미 ( Hyun Mi Lee ),손동원 ( Dong Won Son ) 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.5
구리 기반 목재 방부제 중 MCQ를 이용하여, 목재 내 주입량에 따른 부후 특성을 조사하였다. 목재 시편에 주입량을 달리하여 약제를 주입한 후, 갈색부후균인 부후개떡버섯에 의한 방부효력 시험을 진행하였다. 이후, 질량감소율을 측정한 결과 무처리재는 35% 이상의 질량감소율을 보였으며, 실내 부후에 의한 MCQ 약제의 방부 효력을 나타내는 주입량은 3.99 ± 0.42 kg/m3로 나타났다. 광학현미경 및 전자현미경으로 시편의 3단면을 관찰했을 때, 무처리재와 낮은 주입량으로 처리한 처리재에서는 세포벽의 파괴와 함께 전체적으로 부후가 진행됨이 확인 되었고, 많은 수의 균사를 관찰할 수 있었지만, bore hole은 확인할 수 없었다. 본 연구에서 MCQ의 주입량에 따른 질량감소율 및 부후 현상이 크게 차이가 난 점 등을 고려하여, 국내 환경에서 MCQ의 주입량에 관한 적정성 검토가 필요하다고 생각되었다. In this study, MCQ (Micronized copper Quat) which was copper-based wood preservative, was investigated on decay properties by difference of the its infiltration volume. After pressure-treatment with different MCQ concentration, test specimens (Japanese Red Pine) were exposed by a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris). At the end of the 12 weeks exposure to the fungus, untreated specimen was showed the mass loss of more than 35%, and the value of preservative effectiveness of MCQ by indoor decay was 3.99 ± 0.42 kg/m3. Therefore, MCQ should be pressure-injected at least 3.99 kg/m3. The three dimensional of the specimens were observed by using the light microscope and scanning electron microscope, Untreated and treatment specimens with low concentration generally had underwent serious decays and had a lot of fungal hyphae. Howere, the formation of bore hole by hyphae were not observed. Mass loss and decay properties of specimens were affected by amount of MCQ injection. Therefore, it is necessary to the review of the adequacy of the MCQ injection amount in domestic environments.
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이한솔 ( Hansol Lee ),황원중 ( Won Joung Hwang ),이현미 ( Hyun Mi Lee ),손동원 ( Dong Won Son ) 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.6
우리나라에는 어둡고 습한 환경을 선호하는 지중흰개미의 일종인 일본흰개미(Reticulitermes speratus)가 전국적으로 분포하고 있으며, 점차적으로 목재 건축물에 대한 흰개미 피해가 증가하고 있다. 특히 일본흰개미는 국내 건축재로 많이 쓰이고 있는 소나무를 쉽게 가해한다. 전 세계적으로 다양한 종류의 흰개미가 분포하고는 있지만, 피해가 심해지는 만큼 적절한 방제방법을 선택하기는 어렵다. 무엇보다 분포하는 흰개미의 종류가 다양하기 때문에 훈증처리, 토양처리, 방부·방충처리, 군체제거시스템, 화학약품 처리, 물리 및 생물학적 처리 등의 방법을 이용하여 흰개미의 특성에 맞게 적용시켜야 한다. 본 연구는 현재 친환경 방부제로 사용되고 있는 구리계 방부제 Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), Copper Azole (CuAZ), Micronized copper quat (MCQ)가 흰개미로부터 목구조물의 피해를 방지할 수 있는지 그 효력을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 3종의 목재방부제로 처리된 방부목재가 무처리재보다 높은 방의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 각 방부제의 주입량에 따라 방의효력이 다르게 나타났다. Since Korea is home to Reticulitermes speratus, a kind of subterranean termites that prefer dark and humid conditions, there have been increasing damages to wooden structures by termites. One noticeable attribute of Korean subterranean termites is that they prefer than Pinus densiflora, the major construction material for Korean traditional houses. And because wide varieties of termites are distributed all over the world, it is not so easy to choose appropriate control methods depending on specific areas. This necessitates careful applications of the following control methods depending on the kinds of termites: fumigation treatment, soil termiticide, preservatives and insect treatment, termite colony elimination system, chemical treatment, and other physical and biological treatment methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate the control effects of environmentally-friendly Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), Copper Azole (CuAZ) and Micronized copper quarter (MCQ) on the termites contributing to the damage of wooden structures. It was found in this study that wood with preservative treatment produced a significantly higher termicidal efficacy than untreated wood.
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Lee, Hansol,Shin, Won-Sub,Jung, Joo-Young,Kim, Chul Woong,Lee, Jae W,Kwon, Jong-Hee,Yang, Ji-Won Springer-Verlag 2015 BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.38 No.5
<P>Ionic liquids have many applications, one of which entails their utilization as powerful solvents. In the present study, various experimental conditions of ionic liquid-mediated direct transesterification were investigated in terms of lipid-extracting ionic liquids, catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and volume of methanol to achieve effective FAME conversion with wet microalgal feedstock, Nannochloropsis oceanica. With ionic liquid, [Bmim][CF3SO3], highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was shown. Among many experimental parameters, the two most critical factors to enhance FAME conversion were characteristic of ionic liquids and volume of methanol. Optimized ionic liquid-mediated direct transesterification of wet N. oceanica, compared with a control experiment using chloroform and methanol, increased the FAME conversion yield by 11-fold.</P>
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Aryun Kim(Aryun Kim),Jeonghwan Lee(Jeonghwan Lee),Hansol Moon(Hansol Moon),Chulhan Kim(Chulhan Kim),Min Young Yoo(Min Young Yoo),Woo Yoon Park(Woo Yoon Park),Won Dong Kim(Won Dong Kim),Young-Seok Seo( 대한방사선종양학회 2023 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.41 No.2
Purpose: We aimed to determine whether low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) is effective in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Materials and Methods: We included patients according to the following criteria: probable Alzheimer's dementia according to the New Diagnostic Criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease; confirmation of amyloid plaque deposits on baseline amyloid positron emission tomography (PET); a Korean Mini-Mental State Examination 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2) score of 13–26; and a Global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5–2 points. LDRT was performed six times at 0.5 Gy each. Post-treatment cognitive function tests and PET-CT examinations were performed to evaluate efficacy. The medication for AD treatment was maintained throughout the study period. Results: At 6 months after LDRT, neurological improvement was seen in 20% of patients. Patient #2 showed improvement in all domains of the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery II (SNSB-II). Moreover, the K-MMSE-2 and Geriatric Depression Score-Short Form scores improved from 20 to 23 and from 8 to 2, respectively. For patient #3, the CDR score (sum of box score) improved from 1 (4.0) to 1 (3.5) at 3 months follow-up. Moreover, the Z scores for language and related functions, memory, and frontal executive function improved to -2.56, -1.86, and -1.32, respectively at the 6-month follow-up. Two patients complained of mild nausea and mild hair loss during LDRT, which improved after treatment. Conclusion: One of the five patients with AD treated with LDRT experienced a temporary improvement in SNSB-II. LDRT is tolerable in patients with AD. We are currently under follow-up and will conduct cognitive function tests after 12 months after LDRT. A large-scale randomized controlled trial with a longer follow-up period is warranted to determine the effect of LDRT on patients with AD.
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( Hansol Lee ),( Won-sub Shin ),( Young Uk Kim ),( Seungjib Jeon ),( Minsik Kim ),( Nam Kyu Kang ),( Yong Keun Chang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.10
Transcription factor engineering to regulate multiple genes has shown promise in the field of microalgae genetic engineering. Here, we report the first use of transcription factor engineering in Chlorella sp. HS2, thought to have potential for producing biofuels and bioproducts. We identified seven endogenous bZIP transcription factors in Chlorella sp. HS2 and named them HSbZIP1 through HSbZIP7. We overexpressed HSbZIP1, a C-type bZIP transcription factor, in Chlorella sp. HS2 with the goal of enhancing lipid production. Phenotype screening under heterotrophic conditions showed that all transformants exhibited increased fatty acid production. In particular, HSbZIP1 37 and 58 showed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields of 859 and 1,052 mg/l, respectively, at day 10 of growth under heterotrophic conditions, and these yields were 74% and 113% higher, respectively, than that of WT. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the improved phenotypes, we identified candidate HSbZIP1-regulated genes via transcription factor binding site analysis. We then selected three genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and investigated mRNA expression levels of the genes by qRT-PCR. The result revealed that the possible HSbZIP1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated in the HSbZIP1 transformants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSbZIP1 can be utilized to improve lipid production in Chlorella sp. HS2 under heterotrophic conditions.
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Hansol Lee,Hyungsuk Kim,Koh-Woon Kim,Jae-Heung Cho,Mi-Yeon Song,Won-Seok Chung 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4
To assess the effectiveness and safety of Korean medicine in managing postoperative pain. Retrospective, observational study. Medical records of 233 inpatients at a Korean medicine hospital who underwent Korean medicine treatments such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cuppping, bee-venom and herbal acupuncture, electrical therapy, herbal medicine, and carbon-beam therapy after musculoskeletal surgery were reviewed, and numeric ratings for pain were compared between baseline and follow-up. A correlation analysis between pain improvement and therapeutic factors was performed, and a regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of pain reduction. Serum laboratory test results at baseline and follow-up were subsequently compared to identify safety. Numeric rating scale scores for pain; presence of infection, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) for safety. After Korean medicine treatment, the pain scores decreased from an average of 4.09 to 1.79 in the numeric rating scale (p < 0.001). Frequency of acupuncture therapy during hospitalization showed the strongest positive correlation with pain improvement (r = 0.341, p = 0.000) and was a predictor of pain reduction (adjusted R2 = 0.145). Improvements in serum laboratory data to reference limits were observed. All kappa coefficient values, except for white blood cell (WBC) count, were between 0.3 and 0.7, indicating that the follow-up data matched the baseline data. The low kappa coefficient value of WBC count was due to the high ratio of outliers. One (0.43%) and no cases of DILI and DIKI were identified, respectively. Korean medicine could be used for managing pain after musculoskeletal surgery.
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