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Conflicts of Value in Korean Society
Hong, Sung-chick 高麗大學校社會學硏究會 1983 사회와문화 Vol.1 No.1
The present paper made an attempt to first clarify the meaning of values. Values are regarded as any aspect of a situation, event, or object that is invested with a preferential interest as being good, bad, desirable, and the like. Social institutions often represent internalized values that are felt as binding for personality-conscience, life goals, prefered subjective states of various kinds. The continued existence of any particular system of Institutions depends upon the extent to which the pattern contains values actually invested with affect and meaning for the participants. In order for the changing values of Korean people to be better understood, the second section of the paper attempted to portray the changed characteristics of Korean society in terms of industrialization index and age structure of Korean population. Two decades ago, Korea was predominantly a traditional society with about over 70 percent of people engaged In farming. Today less than 30 percent of population engaged in farming and its contribution to annual GNP Is far less than 20 percent. Now In terms of age structure, Korean society is dominated in number by those who did not have the experience of being ruled Japan (82.4%) and those who did not participate In Korean war (87.2%). In other words, the past image of Korean society as the poverty-stricken old society may not help one to understand Korea correctly. The external change of society does not automatically imply that the internal values of people have changed correspondingly. Undoubtedly, traditional values have changed to some extent, but the degrees of change are not uni-form in all areas. The present paper dealt with (1) values of filial duty, (2) differential values of sexes, (3) values of age, and (4) attitudes toward foreigners. On conceptual level, people argue that the traditional values should be changed somehow to suit the current needs of modern times. However, in ractice the confucianism rooted values persist in most areas of life including theinstitutions of family, education, and other sociopolical realms.