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곽은창(Gwag Eun Chang),곽노철(Gwag No Cheol) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural context of caddies who work at five different golf country clubs in Kyunggi and Kangwon province. The final questionnaire designed by investigators were distributed to the caddies in five country clubs. Two hundred ninety four caddies showed willingness to participate for the study. Among 294, 189 questionnaire were available for the data analysis. The most significant fact in this study was most caddies strongly want to be treated as a normal person not a slave or servant by golfers. Human right seems to be non-existed in golf courses. The results of the study shows that their working value should be upgraded and pay more than current caddy fee. They also indicated that their salary is not high enough. Caddies` leisure activity type is very limited such as movie/videotape, television, reading, and so on. Environmental problems were concern of caddies but not seriously. Total income of caddie is not as high as they expected and valued. However, this matter includes a big difference between caddie and golfer who employed caddie temporarily during the rounding. It seems to call more study on this issue. Further in-depth investigation should be conducted to find the various effects on each variable which constitutes the distinctive golf culture in caddie`s world.
A functionally separated nanoimprinting material tailored for homeotropic liquid crystal alignment
Gwag, Jin Seog,Oh-e, Masahito,Kim, Kwang-Ryul,Cho, Sung-Hak,Yoneya, Makoto,Yokoyama, Hiroshi,Satou, Hiroyuki,Itami, Setsuo IOP Pub 2008 Nanotechnology Vol.19 No.39
<P>In order to homeotropically align liquid crystals (LCs) at the nanosized surface grooves processed by nanoimprint lithography technology (NIL), we propose to design a hybrid-type homeotropic polymer material consisting of two distinct moieties with largely different thermo-mechanical properties and surface activity. Surface contact angle measurements and sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy allow us to conclude that the polymer film is a functionally separated composite suitable for the homeotropic LC alignment processed by NIL. As one of the potential applications using the hybrid-type homeotropic polymer, we demonstrate that the nanoimprinted grooves at the polymer surface can achieve a zenithal nematic LC bistability. </P>
Gwag, Jin Seog,Bae, Kwang-Soo,Lee, You-Jin,Kim, Jae-Hoon American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.7
<P>This paper proposes a liquid crystal (LC) display (LCD) mode, characterized by an azimuthally continuous nematic domain, driven by patterned electrodes with circular- and doughnut-shaped slits producing conelike fields, as a vertically aligned (VA) nematic LC mode. This proposed mode is focused on achieving a high transmittance display with omnidirectionally uniform optical characteristics by utilizing the proposed electrode structure. Consequently, the experimental results of the proposed LCD mode show high brightness and wide viewing angles that correlate well to numerical calculations. Other electro-optics characteristics of this mode correspond to the patterned VA LC mode. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3075593]</P>
Gwag, Jin Seog,Han, In-Young,Yu, Chang-Jae,Choi, Hyun Chul,Kim, Jae-Hoon The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.7
<P>We demonstrated a continuous viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD) adopting a thermally variable retardation layer (TVRL) using nematic liquid crystal with transparent electric-heating lines to control temperature. The simulated and experimental results of the proposed LCD show continuous and symmetric viewing angle characteristics by tuning the retardation of TVRL using Joule heating.</P>
Neurotrophin-induced ROS production and neuronal death
Gwag, Byoung Joo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2004 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.6
The neurotrophins, a class of nerve growth factor-related growth factors, promote the differentiation, growth, and survival of neurons by binding to Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and p75(NTR). Once synthesized in target cells, neurotrophins are released, bound to the cell surface receptors, and internalized to promote neuronal survival by interfering with programmed cell death or apoptosis. In addition to neuroprotective potential of neurotrophins, neurotrophins potentiate neuronal injury under various pathological conditions. Moreover, evidence has accumulated showing that neurotrophins can induce neuronal death. While cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anti-apoptosis action of neurotrophins have been well documented, mechanisms for pro-necrosis effects of neurotrophins remain to be unveiled. Here, we delineated the patterns and underlying mechanisms of neuronal death induced by neurotrophins.