전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 비대칭진단 계측항목의 재현도에 관한 연구

김고운,김재형,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구는 하악골 3차원 입체영상에서 비대칭계측항목들의 재현도 비교를 통하여 안면비대칭 진단 시 유용한 계측점 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 40명의 두경부 전산화단층사진을 이용하여 생성한 3차원 영상에서 하악골 형태를 결정짓는 부위로 하악과두, 하악우각부, 하악정중부를 선택하고 각 부위의 세부위치에 따라, 그리고 측정 시 보는 각도에 따라 구분하여 하악과두의 경우 Cd_(sup_sup) 등 6개, 하악우각부의 경우 Go_(inf_lat) 등 10개, 하악정중부의 경우 Me_(ant), Me_(inf) 등 총 18개의 계측점을 설정한 후 이를 이용하여 하악골 비대칭 시 좌우 차이를 보일 수 있는 25개의 계측항목을 설정 및 계측한 후 조사자간 및 조사자내의 재현도를 비교 평가하였다. 조사자간 재현도의 경우 25개의 계측항목 중 3개를 제외한 모든 계측항목에서, 조사자내 재현도의 경우 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 계측항목에서 높은 재현도를 보였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 18개의 계측점 중 Go_(mid_lat), Go_(mid_obl)가 포함된 계측항목이 조사자간 및 조사자내 재현도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 본 연구에서 사용된 18개의 계측점 중 16개의 계측점(과두를 나타내는 Cd_(sup_sup), Cd_(lat_ant), Cd_(lat_lat), Cd_(post_lat), Cd_(post_post), S, 하악우각부를 나타내는 Go_(inf_lat), Go_(inf_inf), Go_(lat_ant),Go_(lat_lat), Go_(post_lat), Go_(post_post), Ag_(lat), Ag_(inf), 하악정중부를 나타내는 Me_(ant), Me_(inf))은 높은 재현도를 보이므로 전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 안면비대칭 환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging. Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Interand intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 비대칭진단 계측항목의 재현도에 관한 연구

김고운(Go-Woon Kim),김재형(Jae-Hyung Kim),이기헌(Ki-Heon Lee),황현식(Hyeon-Shik Hwang) 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

본 연구는 하악골 3차원 입체영상에서 비대칭계측항목들의 재현도 비교를 통하여 안면비대칭 진단 시 유용한 계측점 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 40명의 두경부 전산화단층사진을 이용하여 생성한 3차원 영상에서 하악골 형태를 결정짓는 부위로 하악과두, 하악우각부, 하악정중부를 선택하고 각 부위의 세부위치에 따라, 그리고 측정 시 보는 각도에 따라 구분하여 하악과두의 경우Cd<SUB>sup_</SUB><SUB>sup</SUB> 등 6개, 하악우각부의 경우Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB> 등 10개, 하악정중부의 경우 Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB> 등 총 18개의 계측점을 설정한 후 이를 이용하여 하악골 비대칭 시 좌우 차이를 보일 수 있는 25개의 계측항목을 설정 및 계측한 후 조사자간 및 조사자내의 재현도를 비교 평가하였다. 조사자간 재현도의 경우 25개의 계측항목 중 3개를 제외한 모든 계측항목에서, 조사자내 재현도의 경우 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 계측항목에서 높은 재현도를 보였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 18개의 계측점 중 Go<SUB>mid_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>mid_</SUB><SUB>obl</SUB>가 포함된 계측항목이 조사자간 및 조사자내 재현도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 본 연구에서 사용된 18개의 계측점 중 16개의 계측점 (과두를 나타내는 Cd<SUB>sup_</SUB><SUB>sup</SUB>, Cd<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Cd<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Cd<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Cd<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>post</SUB>, S, 하악우각부를 나타내는 Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>inf_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>, Go<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Go<SUB>lat_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Go<SUB>post_</SUB><SUB>post</SUB>, Ag<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>lat</SUB>, Ag<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>, 하악정중부를 나타내는 Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>ant</SUB>, Me<SUB>_</SUB><SUB>inf</SUB>)은 높은 재현도를 보이므로 전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 안면비대칭 환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging.<br> Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated.<br> Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Interand intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low.<br> Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

과학관 이용자 만족도 평가 : 4개 과학관의 전시실을 중심으로

김성원,최고운 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 1999 교과교육학연구 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구에서 각 과학관별로 방문, 견학, 운영자와 면담을 통해 정리한 과학관의 실태와, 단체 견학한 학생과 교사를 대상으로 설을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 견학결정에 있어서 협조공문과 교과교육에 적절성여부가 중요 요인으로 작용하였다. 견학시 어려움은 견학기관과의 연결(20.0%), 학생 및 학부모의 반응(15.1%) 등의 요소를 들었다. 견학계획시의 애로사항 해소를 위하여 외부적으로는 근접 지역의 지역과학관 설립이 요구되며, 학교현장에서는 과학관 이용 수업이 연중수업계획에 포함되어 전일제 수업 등 계획된 일정으로 진행될 것이 요구된다. 이를 위해 과학관에서는 학기중 학교수업에 연장된 특별전시를 기획하거나, 예약특혜시스템 등을 도입하여 이용자 유치를 위해 적극적인 입장으로 운영해야 할 것이다. 전시실의 전시내용물에 대하여 이용자들은 우리나라 전통과학의 내용이 보다 보완되기를 희망하고 있었으며, 시범실험이나, 설명문의 전시보다는 전시물을 직접 작동하여 시행하며 원리를 알 수 있는 방법으로 전시물이 구성되는 방법을 선호하였다. 또한 설명자가 있는 경우 과학관련자의 열의있는 설명이 유효한 것으로 보인다. We live in the times when the change of science and technology has a good place to develop the science mind of people. Therefore it is very important to investigate the needs of its visitors to improve Science Museum. Present situation shows that group visit is a major form of visit to Science Museum in Korea. So, in this paper e actual conditions of the museums were investigated and researched on the basis of the visitors’ opinion. The four different museums observed are National Science Museum, Seoul Institute of Science Education, Children’s center, and LG Science Hall. The 702 students and 35 teachers having visited at least one were surveyed on the degree of satisfaction. The results are as follows. 1. Science Museum operation geared basically to creating science climate for teenagers and adults which enhances them to learn science first hand. 2. A Visit is carried out by some definite factors; official documents or teachers’ decision on educational effect. 3. Selected four elements of Science Museum are ‘visit convenience’, ‘exhibit level’, ‘educational function’ and environment & climate’. Relative importance’s of them are equally distributed in the survey of students. 4. The choice of using and attending a Science Museum by teacher depends on following order of factors: The first is educational function i.e. whether the museum has relevant scientific contents and explanations for educational purpose. The second is whether the museums facilities are easy to use, nicely set up and convenient to go. 5. Relative degree of satisfaction to each Science Museum depend on several variables; explanation, interest, and environment & climate. As a result, this paper offers four data; an index of visitors’ satisfaction, the comparative standard between Science Museums, the justification of Science Museum, the useful materials to service development of Science Museums.

Copper indium selenide water splitting photoanodes with artificially designed heterophasic blended structure and their high photoelectrochemical performances

Kim, Joo Sung,Baek, Seung Ki,Kim, Young Been,Do, Hyun Woo,Kwon, Yong Hun,Cho, Sung Woon,Yun, Young Dae,Yoon, Jae Hong,Lee, Han-Bo-Ram,Kim, Sang-Woo,Cho, Hyung Koun Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.46 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Conventional <I>p-</I>CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> absorbers for solar cells have been homogenously synthesized using multi-step process despite a narrow crystal phase region in the phase diagram and the existence of various secondary phases. In contrast, here we propose artificially-designed heterophasic blended copper indium selenide compounds for water splitting photoanodes using a simple one-step annealing synthetic process where the electrodeposited metal precursors were directly annealed with Se vapor injection and without additional intermediate steps. The resultant product is revealed to possess a novel “<I>phase-blended structure</I>” comprising two phases of <I>p-</I>type CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> and <I>n-</I>type CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> crystals. The CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles with a higher Cu fraction are three-dimensionally (3D) embedded in the <I>n-</I>type CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> matrix, which has been verified by various analysis methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and capacitance-voltage curve. The average diameter of the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles is 66.8nm and the interval between the nanoparticles in the CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> matrix is 67.6nm. Consequently, the phase-blended structure photoabsorber exhibits a remarkably enhanced anodic photocurrent of 12.7mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 1.23V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The considerably enhanced photocurrent gain of the phase-blended structure photoanode is attributed to the excellent charge separation facilitated by the built-in potential generated from the 3D <I>p-n</I> junction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Inorganic heterophasic blended structure was synthesized via one-step annealing process of electrodeposited Cu/In bilayers. </LI> <LI> We designed inorganic heterophasic blended structure consisting of <I>p</I>-type CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles and <I>n</I>-type CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> matrix. </LI> <LI> The nanoscale CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles with a higher Cu fraction were three-dimensionally embedded in <I>n</I>-type CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> matrix. </LI> <LI> Phase-blended structure resulted in sufficient depletion and efficiently separated photo-generated electron-hole pairs. </LI> <LI> Phase-blended structure CIS showed remarkably enhanced photocurrent and good stability with an ultra-thin Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layer. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We report an inorganic heterophasic blended structure with remarkably enhanced photocurrent performance via built-in potential between <I>p</I>-type CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles and <I>n</I>-type CuIn<SUB>3</SUB>Se<SUB>5</SUB> matrix.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The validation of genotoxicity tests

KIM Ki Yoon,KIM Ji Hye,KWON Kyung Jin,GO Seo Youn,MIN Kyung Nan,KIM Yeo Woon,KIM Min Kyung,SHEEN Yhun Yhong 환경독성보건학회 2006 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

Electrochemical surface charge-inversion from semi-insulating Sb₂Se₃ photoanodes and abrupt photocurrent generation for water splitting

Kim, Young Been,Kim, Joo Sung,Baek, Seung Ki,Yun, Young Dae,Cho, Sung Woon,Jung, Sung Hyeon,Cho, Hyung Koun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.11 No.9

<P>Binary chalcogenide Sb2Se3 shows dominantly p-type electrical conductivity and poor photocathodic performance; however, its narrow band gap and low work function suggest satisfactory conditions for the generation of the inversion state at the surface if used as a photoanode. We propose a fabrication design for the synthesis of n-type Sb2Se3 by suppressing the formation of antisite SbSe defects, where excessively thick Se layers deposited on the electrodeposited Sb-Se precursors and high N2 pressure are introduced during the annealing step. Surprisingly, the linear sweep voltage (LSV) measurement from the n-type Sb2Se3 shows remarkably enhanced photocurrent density (up to approximately 5 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 1.23 V <I>vs.</I> a reversible hydrogen electrode) under light illumination, which is the highest performance among pristine binary photoelectrodes yet recorded. In addition, the LSV curve exhibits non-typical behavior with a significant increase of the photocurrent at the specific potential. The measured current density under light illumination and no dark current indicate a vigorous photoactive reaction from photogenerated carriers. Here, the abrupt increase in photocurrent density is attributed to the conduction path of hole carriers originating from the charge inversion state with p-type conductivity at the surface, allowing significant carrier injection into the electrolyte. Based on electrochemical analyses, the mechanism that results in outstanding photocurrent gain from the novel n-type Sb2Se3 photoanodes was proposed and their further development possibilities <I>via</I> additional improvements were presented.</P>

Toward Robust Photoelectrochemical Operation of Cuprous Oxide Nanowire Photocathodes Using a Strategically Designed Solution-Processed Titanium Oxide Passivation Coating

Kim, Joo Sung,Cho, Sung Woon,Deshpande, Nishad G.,Kim, Young Been,Yun, Young Dae,Jung, Sung Hyeon,Kim, Dong Su,Cho, Hyung Koun American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.16

<P>To date, TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films prepared by atomic layer deposition are widely used to prepare Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O nanowire (NW)-based photocathodes with photoelectrochemical (PEC) durability as this approach enables conformal coating and furnishes chemical robustness. However, this common approach requires complicated interlayers and makes the fabrication of photocathodes with reproducible performance and long-term stability difficult. Although sol-gel-based approaches have been well established for coating surfaces with oxide thin films, these techniques have rarely been studied for oxide passivation in PEC applications, because the sol-gel coating methods are strongly influenced by surface chemical bonding and have been mainly demonstrated on flat substrates. As a unique strategy based on solution processing, herein, we suggest a creative solution for two problems encountered in the conformal coating of surfaces with oxide layers: (i) how to effectively prevent corrosion of materials with hydrophilic surfaces by simply using a single TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface protection layer instead of a complex multilayer structure and (ii) guaranteeing perfect chemical durability. A Cu(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> NW can be easily prepared as an intermediate phase by anodization of a Cu metal, where the former inherently possesses a hydrophilic hydroxylated surface and thus, enables thorough coating with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> precursor solutions. Chemically robust nanowires are then generated as the final product via the phase transformation of Cu(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> to Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O via sintering at 600 °C. The coated NWs exhibit excellent PEC properties and a stable performance. Consequently, the perfect chemical isolation of the Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O NWs from the electrolyte allows a remarkable PEC operation with the maintenance of the initial photocurrent for more than one day.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Novel function of stabilin-2 in myoblast fusion: the recognition of extracellular phosphatidylserine as a "fuse-me" signal

( Go-woon Kim ),( Seung-yoon Park ),( In-san Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.6

Myoblast fusion is important for skeletal muscle formation. Even though the knowledge of myoblast fusion mechanism has accumulated over the years, the initial signal of fusion is yet to be elucidated. Our study reveals the novel function of a phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor, stabilin-2 (Stab2), in the modulation of myoblast fusion, through the recognition of PS exposed on myoblasts. During differentiation of myoblasts, Stab2 expression is higher than other PS receptors and is controlled by calcineurin/NFAT signaling on myoblasts. The forced expression of Stab2 results in an increase in myoblast fusion; genetic ablation of Stab2 in mice causes a reduction in muscle size, as a result of impaired myoblast fusion. After muscle injury, muscle regeneration is impaired in Stab2-deficient mice, resulting in small myofibers with fewer nuclei, which is due to reduction of fusion rather than defection of myoblast differentiation. The fusion-promoting role of Stab2 is dependent on its PS-binding motif, and the blocking of PS-Stab2 binding impairs cell-cell fusion on myoblasts. Given our previous finding that Stab2 recognizes PS exposed on apoptotic cells for sensing as an “eat-me” signal, we propose that PS-Stab2 binding is required for sensing of a “fuse-me” signal as the initial signal of myoblast fusion. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(6): 303-304]

Ginseng seed oil ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo

Kim, Go Woon,Jo, Hee Kyung,Chung, Sung Hyun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.4

Background: Despite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of GSO against NAFLD using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: In vitro lipid accumulation was induced by free fatty acid mixture in HepG2 cells and by 3 wk of high fat diet (HFD)-feeding in Sprague-Dawley rats prior to hepatocyte isolation. The effects of GSO against diet-induced hepatic steatosis were further examined in C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD for 12 wk. Results: Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride levels showed marked accumulation of lipid droplets in both HepG2 cells and rat hepatocytes, and these were attenuated by GSO treatment. In HFD-fed mice, GSO improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic insulin resistance. Increased hepatic lipid contents were observed in HFD-fed mice and it was lowered in GSO (500 mg/kg)-treated mice by 26.4% which was evident in histological analysis. Pathway analysis of hepatic global gene expression indicated that GSO increased the expression of genes associated with ${\beta}$-oxidation (Ppara, Ppargc1a, Sirt1, and Cpt1a) and decreased the expression of lipogenic genes (Srebf1 and Mlxipl), and these were confirmed with reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase-chain reaction. Conclusion: These findings suggest that GSO has a beneficial effect on NAFLD through the suppression of lipogenesis and stimulation of fatty acid degradation pathway.

Clinical implication of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes

Kim, Go Woon,Chung, Sung Hyun 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.8

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to present challenges, with many patients failing to achieve glycemic targets. Despite the availability of many oral and injectable anti-diabetic agents, therapeutic efficacy is often offset by undesirable side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents with an improved benefit-risk profile continues. Recent research has focused on the kidney as a potential therapeutic target, especially because maximal renal glucose reabsorption is increased in T2DM. Under normal physiological conditions, nearly all filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron via the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2-inhibitors are a new class of oral anti-diabetes, which reduce hyperglycemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion independently of insulin secretion or action. Canagliflozin and dapagliflozin in US market, and ipragliflozin and luseogliflozin in Japan market are now available for glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. There are several phase III clinical ongoing trials involving this new class of medications. This review examines some of the key efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of the SGLT2 inhibitors approved, and their future perspectives in the treatment of T2DM.