로샤검사에서 나타난 ADHD 아동의 심리적 특성

배금예 ( Geum Ye Bae ) 한국정서.행동장애아교육학회(구.한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2005 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 로샤검사를 사용하여 주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD)의 다양한 심리적 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 초등학교 1-6학년 중에서 ADHD로 선정된 30명과 연령 및 학력 수준을 매치한 정상 아동 29명이었다. 연구결과, 두 집단간에 연령과 학력에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었고 전체 IQ에서도 차이가 없었으나 ADHD 아동이 주의집중 지표점수에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. ADS에서도 누락오류와 오경보오류 및 반응시간 표준편차에서 ADHD 아동이 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였는 반면에 d`(민감도)에서 ADHD 집단이 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 ADHD 아동이 부주의성, 충동성, 탈억제와 같은 고유의 행동 특징이 분명하고 표적 자극과 비표적 자극을 변별하는 반응 민감성이 저하되어 있음을 시사한다. 또한 분석된 25개의 로샤 자료에서 EB, D, Adj D, 3r+(2)/R, H, X+%, X-%, WSum6, PTI, DEPI, CDI 변인에서만 두 집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. ADHD 아동은 핵심 영역에서 EB의 비율, D, Adj D 점수, 자기지각 영역에서는 3r+(2)/R 그리고 대인관계 영역에서는 H반응의 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 중재 영역에서는 X+%가 유의하게 높았는 반면에 X-%는 정상 아동보다 낮았고, 사고 영역에서는 WSum6가 유의하게 높았다. 이러한 결과는 ADHD 아동이 욕구지연 능력이 부족하고 스트레스에 대한 통제능력과 내성이 약하며 부정적인 자기상을 가지고 낮은 자존감을 보일 뿐 아니라 타인과의 관계형성에 어려움을 보이고 주변 환경적 자극을 현실적으로 지각하는 능력이 부족하며 인지적 과정의 왜곡 가능성이 더 많다는 것을 시사한다. 3가지 특수지표(PTI, DEPI, CDI)를 가장 잘 설명해주는 로샤 변인을 알아보기 위해 단계적 중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, X-%, Sum Shading 순서로 PTI의 57.9%를 설명해주었고 Sum Shading, L, 3r+(2)/R의 순서로 62%의 DEPI를 설명해주었으며 Adj D가 42.5%의 CDI 지표를 설명해주었다. This study investigated various psychological characteristics in a group of children diagnosed with 30 ADHD using the Rorschach test and compared them to matched by age and education samples of 29 normal group. The findings indicated that a significant differences in age, education, and Total IQ is not found between ADHD and normal group, but Freedom from Distractibility Index(FDI) is significantly lower on the ADHD group. In ADS, ommission error, commission error and response SD are higher than the normal group, but d` is significantly lower on the ADHD group. This results suggested that ADHD children have inattention, impulsivity, disinhibition and discriminant abilities between target and non-target stimulus are declined. In 25 Rorschach variables, EB, D, Adj D, 3r+(2)/R, H, X+%, X-%, WSum6, PTI, DEPI, CDI variables showed only a significant differences between ADHD and normal group. In Core section, ratio of EB, D and Adj D are significantly lower on the ADHD group. 3r+(2)/R in Self-perception section and pure H in Interpersonal section are also significantly lower on the ADHD group. In Mediation and Ideation section, X+% and WSum6 are significantly higher on the ADHD, but X-% was significantly lower on the ADHD group. This results suggested that ADHD children may difficult for delay responding, control and tolerance of stress. Also, they experience generally negative self-esteem and tend to make poor interpersonal relationships as well as distort reality and exhibited more disturbed thinking including unconventional and unrealistic patterns of thought. To determine the relative contributors in PTI, DEPI, CDI indices, stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results revealed X-% and Sum Shading explained 57.9% of variance of PTI; Sum Shading, L and 3r+(2)/R explained 62% of variance of DEPI; and Adj D explained 42.5% of variance of CDI.

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes(PROM) model and the regenerative effect of folic acid on amniotic membrane

( Ah Young Lee ),( Ye Won Jung ),( Hyo Sook Bae ),( Bitna Park ),( Jung Jae Lee ),( Dong Ho Geum ),( Byung Soo Kim ),( Soon Cheol Hong ),( Min Jung Oh ),( Hai Joong Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0009551) Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and accounts for 30% of all preterm labor and the number is gradually increasing. Since the definite mechanism of these phenomena has not yet been found, we decided to make an experimental model for PROM. Nicotine, a main component of tobacco smoke, and folic acid, an important role in cell regeneration, were used to examine PROM model and amniotic regeneration. We prepared isolated amniotic epithelial stem cells (AESCs) and amnion tissue cells (ATCs) by cutting amnion into small pieces and attached them on the culture dish. Then we used AT-derived cells, ATCs derived from amnion tissue. We first used FACS analysis to examine the characteristics of AESCs and ATCs. Then we observed the effects of nicotine and folic acid on cell viability at different concentration levels by using MTT assay. We also examined cell viability when treated with both agents simultaneously. We found that stem cell markers such as OCT-3/4, SSEA-4, SOX-2, Nanog were positive in AESCs but were negative in ATCs. In addition, CD19, CD34 were found negative and CD73, CD90, CD105, CD324 were positive in both cell groups. CD349 was weakly expressed in both cell groups. When nicotine and folic acid applied on two cell groups at different concentrations, cell viability has significantly decreased at a nicotine level of 2 mM (p<0.01)~ 5 mM (p<0.01), and has significantly increased with folic acid at 100nM concentration (p<0.05). Moreover, the cell group pre-incubated with folic acid showed less cell death when treated with nicotine compared to the group only treated with nicotine. AESCs isolated from amniotic membrane, and ATCs derived from amnion tissue have shown similar characteristics except for slight differences in expression levels of OCT- 3/4, SSEA-4, SOX-2, Nanog. Cell viability has significantly decreased with nicotine treatment in two cell groups, and has decreased less with pre-incubation with folic acid. Therefore, we found that folic acid has regenerative and protective effects on amniotic membrane.

Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Association between Emotional Neglect and Depressive Symptoms

Sang Won Lee,Geum Ye Bae,Hyo-Deog Rim,Seung Jae Lee,Sung Man Chang,Byung-Soo Kim,Seunghee Won 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.1

ObjectiveaaPrevious studies have reported that childhood maltreatment experiences could induce biological and psychological vulnerability in depressive disorders. However, it is still unclear that type-specific effects of childhood maltreatment on psychological resilience, depressive symptoms and interactions among childhood maltreatment experiences, resilience, and depressive symptoms. MethodsaaA total of 438 medical students were included in the study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used for measuring childhood maltreatment experiences, psychological resilience, and depressive symptoms, respectively. We investigated the effects of childhood maltreatment experiences on resilience and depressive symptoms using correlation analysis. In addition, we analyzed the mediating effect of resilience on the association between childhood maltreatment and symptoms of depression. ResultsaaAmong childhood maltreatment, emotional neglect was a significant predictor of the scores of low resilience and high depressive symptoms in both gender groups (all ps<0.05). Furthermore, resilience was found to be a mediator connecting emotional neglect experiences with depressive symptoms. ConclusionaaOur results suggest that emotional neglect has detrimental effects on mood and resilience, and clinicians need to focus on the recovery of resilience when they deal with depressive symptoms in victims of childhood maltreatment.

주요우울장애, 양극성장애, 강박장애, 편집형 정신분열병 환자의 부논특성 비교

손옥선(Ok-Sun Son),배금예(Geum-Ye Bae),이승재(Seung Jae Lee) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2009 생물치료정신의학 Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: This study was carried out to assess anger level and way of anger expression in patients with psychiatric disorders; Major depressive disorder, Bipolar disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Paranoid Schizophrenia. And it was intended to identify relationship between anger-in symptoms and underlying depression. Methods: MMPI-2(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) and Rorschach test were completed by patients(MDD : 22, BD : 17, OCD : 14, SPR-P : 19). Correlation test was carried out to examine the relationship between MMPI-2 and Rorschach variables related to anger, depressive mood, somatization, hostility, aggression, impulsivity and interpersonal relationship, ego function. ANOVA, Scheffe test and ANCOVA which is exclusive depressive mood variable were conducted to compare character of anger expression between each diagnostic groups. Results: Forty four percent of patients were classified as an anger-in type across four diagnostic groups. Each diagnostic group showed the differential expressive types of suppressed anger; somatization in MDD, externalizing impulsive behavior in BD, argument in OCD, persecutory thinking, impulsive and aggressive behaviors in SPR-P. After controlling depression, these differences disappeared except that impulsivity in SPR-P and BP. Especially high ego function patients is more trying to suppress and anger-in but these effort are failed, they tend to have more anger and anger-attack. Conclusion: This study shows that patients with psychiatric disorders have high trait-anger but they tend to suppress or anger-in. And each group express another way their suppressed anger but their anger-in symptoms are more related to underlying depression than diagnosed type. Hence, these results suggest that first of all the intervention of depression is helpful to reduce anger-in symptoms for all diagnostic groups. And High ego function patients need more attention to their underlying depression, therapeutic approaches that they could express anger more appropriate.

초기 알츠하이머병 환자와 주요 우울증 환자의 기억기능 비교

이지성(Ji Soung Lee),배금예(Geum Ye Bae),이정재(Jung Jae Lee),김기웅(Ki Woong Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2010 생물치료정신의학 Vol.16 No.2

Objectives : We aimed to evaluate the memory function of early Alzheimer’s disease(AD) group and Major depressive disorder(MDD) group compared with normal control(NC) group and to investigate the accuracy of memory function in differentiation of each group. Methods : Fifty early AD patients and 30 MDD patients and 30 age- and sex- and education-matched NC subjects were selected. The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease assessment packet(CERAD-K), Logical Memory Test(LMT), and Benton Visual Retention Test(BVRT) were administered. Results : Early AD group performed significantly worse than MDD and NC group in most verbal and visual memory tests. In contrast, MDD group obtained more impaired score than NC in most tests but no significantly differences were found between MDD and NC except for delayed recall test of verbal memory. Discrimination analysis of quantitative indices demonstrated 86.3% of diagnosis precision rate. Also discrimination analysis of qualitative indices which measured the process of memory indicated that overall percentage correct classification was 93.8%. Conclusion : In quantitative indices, constructional recall test(CRT) and word list recall(WLR) were highly correlated with function which discriminates between early AD and MDD group. In qualitative indices, learning slope of LMT, false positive error and intrusion error of CERAD-K, distortion error of BVRT, and response time of BVRT have high discriminating power.

시지각적 자극의 특성이 이름대기 검사결과에 미치는 영향

손세익(Se Ik Son),배금예(Geum Ye Bae),원승희(Seung-Hee Won),김병수(Byung-Soo Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2016 생물치료정신의학 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives:The 15-item Modified Boston Naming Test in CERAD-K(BNT-KC) is composed of line drawings and has the possibility of lacking accuracy due to visual perceptual ambiguity of the stimulation. In order to minimize this, we developed a revised version of BNT-KC composed of photographic stimulation of the same contents, and compared the diagnostic accuracy of it with the original version. Methods:Pictures of the same objects in the original BNT-KC were taken by camera or downloaded from the internet. One hundred and eighty-four elderly, who visited the memory clinic for the diagnosis of dementia(95 Alzheimer’s dementia(AD), 89 normal), completed both the versions of BNT-KC. Difference in the total score was compared using paired t-test. To verify whether there is a difference with the matched pairs of items, the McNemar’s test was carried out. Area under a receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was obtained to compare the performance of each test. Results:There was a significant difference between the total score of the original version and the photographic version of BNT-KC(t=14.26, p<0.001). Eight items, “Cobweb,” “Balloon,” “Bat,” “Traffic light,” “Acorn,” “Pomegranate,” “Funnel,” and “Monk’s hat,” demonstrated significant differences in the McNemar’s test after the Bonferroni correction(p<0.003). AUCs for the diagnosis of AD in the original and photographic versions were 0.696 and 0.705, respectively. AUCs for the identification of moderate to severe AD(CDR 2 or higher) from others were 0.784 for the original version and 0.808 for the photographic version. Conclusion:Characteristics of visual perceptual stimuli influenced the diagnostic accuracy of BNT-KC, especially in the identification of patients with moderate to severe AD. Revision of BNT-KC is required to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for dementia.

A Comparative Study on Alexithymia in Depressive, Somatoform, Anxiety, and Psychotic Disorders among Koreans

Sung hwa Son,Hyunyoung Jo,임효덕,Ju Hee Kim,Hea Won Kim,Geum Ye Bae,이승재 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.4

Objective Little is known about the characteristic differences in alexithymic construct in various psychiatric disorders because of a paucity of direct comparisons between psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study explored disorder-related differences in alexithymic characteristics among Korean patients diagnosed with four major psychiatric disorders (n=388). Methods Alexithymic tendencies, as measured by the Korean version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20K), of patients classified into four groups according to major psychiatric diagnosis were compared. The groups consisted of patients with depressive disorders (DP; n=125), somatoform disorders (SM; n=78), anxiety disorders (AX; n=117), and psychotic disorders (PS; n=68). Results We found that substantial portions of patients in all groups were classified as having alexithymia and no statistical intergroup differences emerged (42.4%, 35.9%, 35.3%, and 33.3% for DP, SM, PS, and AX). However, patients with DP obtained higher scores in factor 2 (difficulties describing feelings) than those with SM or AX, after adjusting for demographic variables. Conclusion These findings suggest that alexithymia might be associated with a higher vulnerability to depressive disorders and factor 2 of TAS-20K could be a discriminating feature of depressive disorders.