The Context of Traditional Chinese Residence

Fang,Xiaofeng 국민대학교 동양문화디자인연구소 2011 Journal of Oriental Culture&Design Vol.3 No.1

“Pan-residence” or the pursuit of the universality of architecture is a tendency in the traditional Chinese architecture. With residence as sample, the article clarified several cultural characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture through organizing the information about traditional residence. Traditional Chinese residence attaches importance to the corresponding relationship between geometrical position and social rank; in terms of spatial form, the traditional Chinese residence is characteristic of outward closure and inward openness; for the architectural ornament, there is clear level restrictions besides the lucky culture. The article explained the relationship between Yin-Yang, five element theory and Feng-Shui. Based on this theory, traditional Chinese culture established an environmental system of universal connection, through which built up a unique ancient Chinese architecture system. In the end, the article briefly introduced the private garden which is co-existent with residence, explaining the value of traditional Chinese private garden on the theory of culture that complements mutually.

Molecular Characterization of Ca_(∨)2.3 in Rat Trigemical Ganglion Neurons

Zhi Fang,Kim, Joong-Soo,Oh, Seog-Bae The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

R-type(Ca_(∨)2.3) calcium channel contributes to pain sensation in peripheral sensory neurons. Six isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 that result from combinations of presence or delection of three inserts(inserts Ⅰ and insert in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ loop, and insert Ⅲ in N-terminal regions) have been demonstrated to be present in different mammalian tissues. However, the molecular basis of Ca_(∨)2.3 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) neurons is not known. In the present study, we determined which isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 are expressed in rat TG neurons using the RT-PCR analysis. Whole tissue RT-PCR analyses revealed that only two isoforms, Ca_(∨)2.3a and Ca_(∨)2.3e, were present in TG neurons. From single-cell RT-PCR, we found that Ca_(∨)2.3e rather than Ca_(∨)2.3a was the major isoform expressed in TG neurons, and Ca_(∨)2.3e was preferentially detected in small-sized neurons that express nociceptive marker, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1). Our results suggest that Ca_(∨)2.3e in trigeminal neurons may be a potential target for the pain treatment.

중국어 상고음

李方桂 경희대학교 부설 비교문화연구소 1993 외대어문논총 Vol.- No.5

Social service purchasing in China: Rationale, features, and risks

Natasha Cortis1,Qian Fang1,Zhenfang Dou2 한국사회복지학회 2018 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.12 No.3

progressing an agenda of purchasing child welfare and other social services from the nongovernment sector, primarily to expand capacity and address vast unmet need. This paper draws on current research evidence to explore the approaches to purchasing emerging in China, examining the rationale for purchasing and models of supply, competition, and regulation. While some approaches are modeled on direct service contracting, direct purchasing of social service “posts” is also used, aimed at achieving goals of professionalization alongside service expansion. Overall, the review shows purchasing is helping to rapidly expand service scale and capacity; however, regulatory strategies for managing and mitigating risks to quality and access appear lacking. This highlights the need for further scholarship aimed at developing the robust risk management strategies which are required to support high quality, sustainable provision of purchased services.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of MIKC-type MADS-box genes expression in Chimonanthus salicifolius

Gui Fang-Fang,Jiang Ge-Ge,Bin Dong,Zhong Shi-Wei,Xiao Zheng,Qiu Fang,Wang Yi-Guang,Yang Li-Yuan,Zhao Hongbo 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.9

Background MIKC type MADS-box transcription factors are one of the largest gene families and play a pivotal role in flowering time and flower development. Chimonanthus salicifolius belongs to the family Calycanthaceae and has a unique flowering time and flowering morphology compared to other Chimonanthus species, but the research on MIKC type MADS-box gene family of C. salicifolius has not been reported. Objective Identification, comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, the expression pattern of MIKC-type MADS-box gene family from different tissues of C. salicifolius. Methods Genome-wide investigation and expression pattern under different tissues of the MIKC-type MADS-box gene family in C. salicifolius, and their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, gene structure, motif distribution, promoter cis-acting element were performed. Results A total of 29 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified from the whole genome sequencing. Interspecies synteny analysis revealed more significant collinearity between C. salicifolius and the magnoliids species compared to eudicots and monocots. MIKC-type MADS-box genes from the same subfamily share similar distribution patterns, gene structure, and expression patterns. Compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, Nymphaea colorata, and Chimonanthus praecox, the FLC genes were absent in C. salicifolius, while the AGL6 subfamily was expanded in C. salicifolius. The selectively expanded promoter (AGL6) and lack of repressor (FLC) genes may explain the earlier flowering in C. salicifolius. The loss of the AP3 homologous gene in C. salicifolius is probably the primary cause of the morphological distinction between C. salicifolius and C. praecox. The csAGL6a gene is specifically expressed in the flowering process and indicates the potential function of promoting flowering. Conclusion This study offers a genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the C. salicifolius, and establishes the foundation for screening flowering development genes and understanding the potential function of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the C. salicifolius.

Effects of Different Medium Composition and Exogenous Hormones on Browning of Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) Callus in Tissue Cultu

Fang Fang Zhou,Zheng Wang,Li Yun Shi,Jia Jia Niu,Wen Qian Shang,Dan He,Song Lin He 한국화훼학회 2016 화훼연구 Vol.24 No.2

Browning is one of the key factors that influenced the callus subculture of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). Effects of medium composition and exogenous hormones: macro elements of Murashige and Skoog (MS salts) and iron salt (Fe2+), pH, agar and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KT) on the callus browning of P. suffruticosa ‘Shan Hu Tai’ in vitro were studied in this paper. Results showed that the browning of P. suffruticosa callus were more sensitive to KT than 6-BA in different concentrations of 6-BA and KT separately with different concentrations of NAA, and reduced to the lowest (13.3%) under 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA plus 0.3 mg·L-1 KT. 1/4 × MS plus 1/4 × Fe2+ was the best basic medium in which the browning rate was only 18.2%. The browning rate of the callus was the lowest of 4.0% under pH 6.5 and the callus grew better in 7.0 g·L-1 agar than others. This study indicated that the best medium preventing P. suffruticosa callus in vitro from browning was: 1/4 × MS medium supplemented with 6.95 mg·L-1Fe2+, 0.3 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA, 6.0 g·L-1 agar and 30 g·L-1 sucrose in pH 6.5.

Examining the Structural Relationships of Destination Image, Perceived Value, Tourist Satisfaction and Behavior Intention : Focused on Chinese Tourists to South Korea

Fang Fang Xiao,이선령,민보영 한국호텔관광학회 2015 호텔관광연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study examines the relationships between cognitive image, affective image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Destination images play a significant influencing role in destination selection. This study was conducted with the specific goal of determining the destination images of South Korea as perceived by Chinese travelers. A conceptual framework was developed to model these relationships, which was validated with an empirical data set. The survey was conducted with Chinese tourists to South Korea by questionnaire from September 1st to September 25th, 2014. Based on the response of a total of 400 Chinese tourists obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypotheses using Amos program. The hypothesized relationship in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structure equation model(SEM). The results of structural equation modeling show that cognitive and affective image as independent variables had an effect on perceived value. The perceived value had influence on both tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Moreover, tourist satisfaction had effect on perceived value and behavior intention. Finally, the implications and future research suggestions were discussed in the conclusion section. This study identified the major concepts in destination improvement and investigated their effects on tourist satisfaction and positive behavior intention toward the destination. Thus, tourism organizations and local government could establish a loyal tourism market in China by improving the destination image and market strategies. Recommendations are provided to offer valuable direction to Korean tourism offices and marketers to better promote South Korea as a valuable destination for Chinese tourists.

VALUE CO-CREATION AND CO-DESTRUCTION IN SOCIAL MEDIA: A SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE

Fang Fang Li 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Despite a surging amount of research on value co-creation in the social media context, research on how value co-creation and value co-destruction coexist from a system perspective remains scarce. This conceptual research aims to understand how social media allows for value to be co-created and/or co-destroyed in interconnected social networks. The study takes a first step toward integrating the two value processes in the social media context and opens up new research possibilities. By looking at value co-creation, we differentiate between values that are created from both firm and customer sides and show the value can be destructed if without cautions. From a managerial standpoint, the proposed framework could facilitate managers to build a more holistic view of creating social media value through collaboration with their social media users.

Kochujang (Korean fermented red pepper paste) Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism

Fang-Fang Liu,Jae-Hoon Seo,Jeung-Ha Kil,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) gene is a potential methylation biomarker for malignancy of breast cancer

Fang-Ming Chen,Hsueh-Wei Chang,Sheau-Fang Yang,Ya-Fang Huang,Pei-Yung Nien,Yao-Tsung Yeh,Ming-Feng Hou 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.5

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) belongs to the MAPK cascades which are central to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The carcinogenic role of MKP-1 has been reported in many types of cancer but it has rarely been investigated in breast cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the MKP-1 mRNA expression and its possible regulation by methylation of MKP-1 promoter in the model of several breast cancer cell lines and tissues as well as controls. Our data demonstrate MKP-1mRNA expression significantly decreased in five breast cancer cell lines compared to breast controls (P <0.01). Using the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis,the unmethylated reaction (U) is dominant in both normal cell lines and benign breast tumors (100% vs. 86.2%), whereas the methylated reaction (M) is dominant in both breast cancer cell lines and invasive breast tumors (100% vs. 57.2%). In terms of methylation ratio (M/M+U), methylation level in MKP-1 promoter is significantly higher in the invasive breast tumor tissues (n = 152) than in benign breast tumor tissues (n = 29)(P < 0.0001). Assessing the methylation ratio of the promoter of MKP-1 gene to diagnose the breast malignancy (invasive vs. benign), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.809(95% CI: 0.711-0.906, P < 0.001). The best performance for this prediction has a sensitivity of 76.32% and a specificity of 82.76% at the cutoff value of 0.38. Taken together, we firstly demonstrated that the promoter methylation of MKP-1 gene is a potential breast cancer biomarker for breast malignancy.