19C 獨逸社會 민주당의 性格에 관하여

姜哲求 西原大學校 1982 西原大學 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

SPD사의 소장은 독일의 정치구조와 밀접한 관련을 갖고 있다. 프로이센 군주국가에 대한 부르주아 계급의 약체성, 그리고 프로이센에 의한 독일 통일은 독일에서 부르주아 계급은 제국이 가져 온 판도 내에서의 경제적 성장의 거대한 가능성을 담보로 하여 모든 자유주의적 희망을 포기하고 지배계급과 결탁했다. 따라서 헌법투쟁시에 부르주아 계급의 능력에 의문을 품고 스스로 독립 하게 된 노동자 정당은 이제 홀로 강력한 군사국가와 적대하지 않으면 안 되었던 것이다. SPD의 이러한 독립된 상황은 1871년 이후 국가의 적으로 지목을 받으면서 더욱 명백한 것으로 되었고 그 후 결코 개선되지 못하엿다. 80년대 이후부터 SPD의 당세는 급신장을 계속했으나 이러한 외면적인 성장은 정치적 영향력과는 무관한 것이었다. 노동자 정당이 독일의 특수한 정치구조 속에서 너무 빠른 시기에 독립한 것이 결국 정치적 무력이라는 대가를 치룬 셈이다. 이러한 당의 무력감은 당의 정책에도 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. Lassalle파의 경우이건 Eisenach파의 경우이건 모두 그 나름의 혁명적인 이념을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 실제 정책으로 나타날 때에는 현실타협적인 요소가 큰 구실을 하고 있으며 이러한 상황은 제국말까지 지속된다. 특히 90년대 이후 수정주의의 등장이라고 하는 현상은 현실타협적인 요소를 이론화하려는 노력으로 보여지는 것이지만 그것은 당의 지도 노선에서도 명백하게 나타난다. 혁명적인 대시주의에 의해서 당은 정치적으로 비행동주의에 빠졌고 이러한 주된 성향은 당이 적시에 비합법적인 폭력행동으로 나아가는 것을 막았을 뿐 아니라 한편에서 당의 이념을 완전히 포기하고 기회주의적인 정책으로 나아가는 것도 막았다. 그러한 점에서 혁명적 대시주의에 대해서는 긍정적인 평가와 부정적인 평가가 엇갈릴 수 있을 것이다. 제국의 지배계급이나 SPD 모두가 어떠한 형태의 폭력이든지 사용하는 것을 겁냄으로써 날카로운 내적긴장을 가진 내전적인 상황에도 불구하고 공개적인 투쟁으로 발전하지는 않았다. 이와 같이 제2제국이 내적긴장을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고 그나마의 안정을 가질 수 있었던 것은 SPD가 제국에 부분적으로 통합되어 있었기 때문이다. 한편에서 노동계급에게 경제적인 개선과 법적, 실제적인 동등권을 주려는 경향과 또 한편에서 진정한 동등권을 거부하고 착취와 억압상태를 존속시키려고 하는 경향이 교묘하게 작용함으로써 국가는 최소한의 안정을 이룰 수 있었다. 그러나 그 안정은 전쟁에 의한 외부의 충격을 버텨내기에는 불완전한 것이었다. 결국 제2제국에 있어서의 사회민주주의 운동은 커다란 외면적인 성과에도 불구하고 그에 상응할만한 결과를 가져오지는 못했다. 그러나 그렇다고 해서 민주적, 사회적 해방과정에 있어서 그들의 역사적 역할이 부정되어서는 안 될 것이다. 단지 주어진 조건 하에서 만족스러운 결과를 가져오지 못했다고 말할 수 있을 뿐이다.

제주시 지역 대기분진의 화학적 조성 연구

강창희,허철구 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

The monitorings of airborne particulates were performed at three sites in Cheju Do, that is Cheju city, Kosan and Onpyung area. In order to evaluate the air pollution level, the collected airborne particulates were analyzed for some aquatic ions and metal components by ion chromatographic method and inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometry. From the results of chemical analysis, it was found that the atmosphere of Cheju city was a little bit more polluted than that of Kosan and Onpyung area. Especially for SO₄²-, NO₃-, Pb, Fe components, Cheju city showed higher concentrations than other two places. Whereas in comparison with Seoul and Pohang city, which are highly polutted places, Cheju city showed lower concentrations for the most components than those places, and especially much lower for SO₄²-, Pb, Fe components.

『春香新說』과『懸吐漢文春香傳』의 作者와 創作年代

강재철,허호구 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

A Study on the writer and story-writing date of Hanmoonchunhyanggeon is one of our major researches in classical as and important process of organizing Chunhyanggeon. so, I world like to render great academic advance in studying writers and story-writing date of two texts of Hanmoonchunhyanggeon which is diverse in opinions in academic circles. Conclusion of this paper are as follows ; The story-writing date of Chunhyangsinsul is 1864, and the writer is not Teo-lim Mok who is insisted by some scholars in academic circles but unidentified right now. And the first edition date of Heuntohanmooncunhyangeon is 1917, and Chul-Gin Wu who si recognized as a writer is regarded as an ordinary publisher. I believe these conclusions can devote much help in studying Chunhyanggeon and discussing aspects of Gookmoonchunhyanggeon and Hanmoonchunhyanggeon in the future.

제주도 연안해역을 중심으로 한 DMS 농도의 관측

강창희,허철구,이강웅,김기현 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were determined using samples collected from a station located at Kosan, Cheju Island during two field campaigns held in December 1996 and January 1997. The atmospheric DMS concentrations measured at 6-hr intervals during the entire campaign periods, after excluding a few extreme values, spanned in the range of 14 to 410 pptv with mean and 1 SD value of 127±94 pptv (N=42). Between two month periods during which the field campaigns were conducted, a notable reduction in DMS levels was observed which was comparable to the dramatic shift in air temperature. A considerable difference was also noted in DMS levels, when data were grouped by day/night basis. The cause of unexpected, high day-to-night DMS ratios is best explained in terms of high efficiency of daytime source processes relative to low efficiency of nighttime sink processes due to the characteristics of the study location. The surface water DMS of the study site, although scarcely measure, also behaved similarly to its atmospheric counterpart with its range from 0.3 to 19 nM (N=11). When correlation analysis was conducted between the atmospheric DMS concentration and other concurrently determined parameters, significant correlations were observed from most basic meteorological parameters such as windspeed, relative humidy, and air temperature. However, the existence of "not-so-strong" correlations between air temperature and DMS concentrations relative to other ones indicated that the effect of temperature on DMS behavior must be reflected in more complicated manners at the study site. The sea-to-air flux of DMS was approximated through an application of the mass-balance flux calculation method of Wylie and de Mora(1996) under the assumption that sink mechanism within the marine boundary layer is in steady-state condition with its counterpart, source mechanism. Based on this estimation method, we reached a conclusion that oceanic DMS emitted from the southwest sea of the Korean Peninsula can amount to approximately 9~36GgSyr-1.

해안지역 강수와 부유분진의 화학적 조성 비교

허철구,강창희 제주대학교 환경연구소 1994 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.2 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of rainwater and atmospheric total suspended particulates (TSP) at coastal area. For this study, the rain-water and TSP were sampled a t Cheju-Kosan near the sea from May to December 1993, and then major water soluble ionic species(WSl) in those were analyzed. The concentrations of WSI in rainwater and TSP were lower than inland regions and had larger variation for each ion species. The sum of cation concentrations (166.4±336.7μeq/ℓ) were slightly greater than the sum of anion concentrations (163.2±249.5μeq/ℓ) in rainwater, but the sum of cation concentrations (0.157±0.056μeq/㎥) were considerably less than the sum of anion concentrations (0.188±0.0077μeq/㎥). The ion concentrations in rainwater were correlated negatively with precipitation, on the other hand those in TSP were correlated positively with wind velocity and had little correlation with precipitation. The ionic composition of rainwater, that is, Na^(-)>Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>NH4_(4)^(-)>K^(+) for cation and Cl^(-)> S0_(4)^(2-)>NO_(3)^(-) for anion in order of abundance, showed different trend from the general trend in inland areas, however, that of TSP was similar to the general trend. The primary sources of Na^(+), Mg^(2+) and Cl^(-) were found to be seasalt and SO_(4)^(2-) and NH_(4)^(+) probably originated mainly from soil dust, while NO_(3)^(-) was possibly derived from various origins. And the contribution of seasalt to WSI in rainwater and TSP were about 70% and 37%. respectively. In addition, the average washout factor by rain fall for WSI was evaluated to 1.019 and the wet deposition rate of WSI was estimated at 10.65 ton/㎢/year.

제주도의 대기오염 현황 및 장래예측

허철구,이기호,강창희 제주대학교 환경연구소 1993 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.1 No.-

This study deals with the air pollution status, the characteristics of air pollution sources and the prediction of future air quality in Cheju. The present air quality is estimated very satisfactorily in comparison with the air quality standard. And the concentration of sulfur dioxide in ambient air has been increased little for the last five years. The primary major source of air pollution is transportation which include 57% of total emissions of air pollutants. Also. air pollution sources are rnaldistributed on the seashore, especially concentrated on Cheju city, The emission rate of air pollutants in Cheju is 43,766 ton/year. but emissions per uint area (24ton/year. ㎢) is of very small quantity in comparison with that of other region. On the other hand, the ambient air quality a t the year 2001 is predicted by Val-ley model is lower than the air quality standard, althought emission rate is increased due to increasing in air pollution sources.

Stewart 플랫폼을 이용한 손목 힘/토크센서의 해석

한정훈,강철구 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.2

A Stewart platform-based force/torque sensor with 6 instrumented elastic legs needs the solution of forward kinematics of the Stewart platform in order to obtain forces and torqueg acting on the upper plate from given 6 leg forces. The solution of forward kinematics, however, is not known in a closed-form. In this paper, the closed-form solution of forward kinematics is derived by means of the linearization of the solution of inverse kinematics, and the closed-form solution is used for the calculation of the force and the torque of the sensor. Kinematic design parameters of the Stewart platform are determined so that the force/torque sensor may have the isotropic force/torque properties and be installed in a robot wrist. The validity of the proposed linearization method is investigated through the calculation of forces and torques.

청정지역과 도시지역의 오존농도 특성 연구

장광미,강창희,서명석,허철구,박경윤,이호근,김영준 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

A study has been performed on the characteristics of rural and urban surface ozone concentration for the period of March 1992 to February 1993. The monitoring station of rural ozone is located at Kosan, Cheju and other urban monitoring stations are located at Seoul, Pusan and Kwangju. Rural's and urban's ozone data exhibit a distinct features in many ways. First, annual mean of rural ozone concentration is very high(42 ppbv) but urban's are very low(10~15 ppbv). Second, rural ozone data shows a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in summer, but urban's show a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in winter. Third, diurnal variation of rural data is very small but that of urban's are very large. Fourth, monthly mean of daily minimum of rural data is not low and shows a large seasonal variation, but those of urban's data are extremely low(<3 ppbv) and have no seasonal variations.

남자대학생들의 피부관리실태와 관련요인 조사연구

배향선,남철현,김성우,최연희,강영숙,김선혜,구재희 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2003 保健福祉硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of skin care of male students at colleges and universities of male students at colleges and universities and its related factors in order to provide informations on skin care for men. The subjects of this study was 600 men who were students at colleges and universities in Daegu City and Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from May 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. According to the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, 55.9% of them was 20 to 24 years old and 29.6% was more than 25 years old. 84.9% of them was university students, while 15.1% was college students. 25.3% belonged to the lower class, while 22.4% belonged to the upper class. 52.7% did not have a girl friend, while 47.3% has a girl friend. 41.8% lived in big cities and 48.1% lived in small and medium cities. 2. 63.0% of the respondents replied that they were in good health, while 8.8% of them were in bad health. 41.9% of them was concerned about face and body skin care, while 14.1% was not concerned about it. Among most serious skin problems, the proportion of acne was highest (44.5%). 3. Among the persons who advised the respondents when they selected cosmetics, the proportion of selecting cosmetics as their own will was highest (44.7%). 25.3% of them selected it by recommendation of female family members and 18.3% selected it by recommendation of the girl friend. In the case of selecting it as their own will, the older they were, the higher the proportion was. In the case of having the girl friend, the proportion of selecting cosmetics by recommendation of the girl friend was higher than that of selecting it by recommendation of female family members. 4. 90.4% of the respondents replied that they never visited skin care rooms, while only 9.6% of them replied that they ever visited them. In the case of visiting skin care rooms, the proportion of the upper class was higher than that of the lower class. 5. According to the frequency of visiting skin care rooms, the proportion of once a week was highest (51.0%). 29.4% of them visited them once per 6 months and 19.6% visited them once a month. 6. In the case of the reasons they did not visit the skin care rooms, the proportion of 'no interest' was highest (36.6%). 23.2% did not visit them because they thought the fee for skin care was expensive and 19.5% did not visit them because they thought the skin care room were only for women. 7. In the variables of giving advice concerning skin care, the proportion of 'their own' was highest (29.8%). The proportion of female family members was 28.2% and the proportion of the girl friend was 27.7%. In the case of the age related to having the girl friend's advice, the proportion of 'over 25 years old' was 31.9% and the proportion of '20 years old to 24 years old' was 26.4%. The proportion of 'less than 19 years old' was 23.5%. The older they were, the more they had the girl friend's advice. 8. According to the sources of getting information on skin care, the proportion of mass media (TV, Radio etc.) was highest (36.7%). 26.0% of them obtained them through the girl friend and 13.9% obtained them through female family members. Only 8.4% got them through magazines. 9. The factors influencing the experience of visiting skin care rooms were experience of side effect of foundation cosmetics, concern about skin care, expiration date of cosmetics or checking of directions of using cosmetics, donsideration of skin character when using soap, and regular exercise for health. From above results, it can be concluded that skin care and beauty specialists working in beauty academies or the department of cosmotology at colleges or universities must make efforts to change the negative recognition of male skin care through deep and comprehensive research. It is also necessary to develop systematic education course and institutionalize the qualification management system.

제주도 고산에서 수용성 에어로졸의 화학적 성분 분석

장광미,이호근,강창희,허철구,박경윤,서명석 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

Atmospheric aerosols were collected by a High Volume Tape Sampler from March 1992 to December 1993 at Kosan, Cheju, korea. The water soluble ion concentrations in aerosol were analyzed. The concentrations of cations(Na+, K+, Ca²+, Mg²+, NH₄+) were determined by an Inductively Coupled Plazma(ICP) or an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(AAS), and those of anions(Cl-, NO₃-, SO₄²-) were analayzed by the capillary electrophoresis method. The Ca²+, SO₄²-and NO₃- concentrations in spring were higher than those in other seasons. The lowest concentrations of these elements were found in summer, largely due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially the ca²+ concentration on April was three to four times higher than the annual mean concentration. The enrichment factor(E.F.) of each element was calculated. The annual mean E.F. values of the Ca²+, Mg²+ and Cl- in 1992 were the same as those in 1993 except K+ and SO₄²-. The correlation formula between all cations and anions for the whole period was Anions=0.759xCations+0.066.