State Indicator of Water Quality for Surface Water and Groundwater in Agriculture

Min-Kyeong Kim,Goo-Bok Jung,An-Sung Ro,Seung-Chul Choi,Won-Il Choi,Eun-Jeong Kim,Jong-Eun Lee,Yeo-Uk Yun,Kab-Cheol Kim,Do-Young Ko,Byeong-Ho Kim,Hyeon-Ji Kim,Sang-Jo Park,Seong-Tae Lee,Jae-Young Heo,S 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990’s. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate(NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.

Dipyrazinium Trichromate에 의한 알코올류의 산화반응에 대한 메카니즘 연구

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2004 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Dipyrazinium trichromate[(C₄H₄N₂H)₂Cr₃O_(10)) was synthesized by the reaction of pyrazine with chromium(Ⅵ) trioxide in 6M HC1. dipyrazinium trichromate structure was verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by dipyrazinium trichromate in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant's order: cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. In the presence of acid, dipyrazinium trichromate oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant ρ was -0.69 at 303K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.

도토리澱粉이 흰쥐의 脂質代謝에 미치는 影響

崔到点,金載營,高鎭福 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In an attempt to observe the lipid metabolism of acorn starch, five different diets were made: one rice diet (control group) and four diets in which acorn starch was mixed with rice at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. These five diets controlled in such ways are the same level in calorie and protein content. The acorn starch used was cleared from tannin by being heated 20 hours. These diets were each fed to different groups of male albino rats for 6 weeks, during which various items were measured on these rats such as total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol contents. The results obtained through this study are summarized as follow: The content of total lipid in liver of each group was lower in the 2nd week, and that of 30% acorn starch group was lower in the 4th week, and that of 20% acorn starch group was lower in the 6th week, compared with control group. The content of total cholesterol in liver of each group except 10% acorn starch group was lower than that of the control group in the 2nd week, but in the 4th and the 6th week, there was no particular difference in content between each group and the control group. The centents of total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum are almost the same between each group and the control group during each period of feeding. Therefore acorn starch diets mixed with rice at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% had little effect on the serum lipid contents.

Robert Frost의 詩에 나타난 Dualism

崔永道 牧園大學校 1981 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper, the writer tries to emphasize the characteristics of the metaphorical skep-thcism and dualism in the poetry of Frost. He writes about solid New England places and work. Unlike Emily Dickinson, he has no iterest in writing about the abstract in abstrast terms. He chiefly writes about nature and man concretely. Frost's special distin-ction as a poet rest in his skill in writing, in one poem, on several levels of meaning. In the first place, He was a Synecdochist who figures of speech in which we use a part for the whole. From early Poems to the last Poems, he ran through this attitude. In "After apple-picking", he stands for his memory of life, for his experience of death. His intellectual qualities are as apparent in his images, rhythms, and forms as in his dualistic contents. Indeed, Frost was not a pessimist but a skeptist. He reveals also skeptical view point of the world and human being only through metaphysical metaphors. This attitude is true of West-Running Brook which was hailed with loud enthusiasm. In this poem , he shows himself as a Bergsonian philosopher. West-Running Brook is a reflection and resta-tement of all that has gone before. He cannot suggest a character or a natural landscapes without informing the subject with his own philosophy, a philosophy whose flippant accents cannot hide a moral earne-stness. Beyond the fact, beyond the tone of his voice, the poet's main interst was unifying and ardent emotions which is Frost's peculiar qulity and his essential spirit.

흰쥐 적출 대동맥에서의 알파-1 아드레날린성 수용체 탈감작 현상

최도희,한형수,박정숙,김중영 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1994 慶北醫大誌 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 흰쥐의 적출 대동맥 절편에서 알파-1 아드레날린성 수용체의 탈감작에 따른 수축력 변화를 확인하고 수축력 변화와 관련된 요인들과의 관계를 검정하기 위해 실시되었다. 대상 및 방법 : Sprague-Dawley rat의 대동맥을 적출하여 알파-1 아드레날린성 수용체 선택적 효현제인 phenylephrine으로 탈감작시킨 뒤 수축력과 이완력의 변화를 확인하였다. 결과 : Phenylephrine에 의한 수축력은 phenylephrine 탈감작에 의해 감소되었다. EDRF와 관련이 있는 이완제인 acetylcholine과 histamine에 의한 이완반응은 phenylephrine 처치로서 변화를 볼 수 없었으나 sodium nitroprusside에 의한 이완은 항진되었다. 탈감작현상은 LNMMA와 methylene blue처치로 인해 영향을 받지 아니하였다. KCl에 의한 수축은 phenylephrine 탈감작으로 억제되었으나 phorbol ester에 의한 수축은 phenylephrine 탈감작으로 인해 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 결론 : phenylephrine에 의해 나타나는 알파-1 수용체 탈감작에 따른 수축력 감소 현상은 이완 작용의 변화와는 관련이 없으며 수축기전의 변화, 특히 calcium에 대한 반응성의 변화에 기인함을 시사하였다. We evaluated alpha 1 adrenergic receptor desensitization and decreased contractility in isolated rat aorta. 4 hour exposure to 10^-5M of phenylephrine (phenylephrine exposure) decreased phenylephrine(10^-10 to 10^-5M)-induced contractility. Phenylephrine exposure had no effect on the relaxation by NO releasing agents, such as acetylcholine(10^-9 to 10^-5M) and histamine(10^-8 to 10^-4M), but enhanced nitroprusside(10^-10 to 10^-6M)-induced relaxation. Phenylephrine-induced desensitization was not altered by the presence of methylene blue and N-monomethyl-L-arginine. After phenylephrine exposure KCl-induced contractility was decreased but phorbol ester-induced contractility was not changed. From these results we can assume that prolonged phenylephrine exposure alter calcium-dependent contraction mechanism and involve in alpha 1 adrenergic receptor desensitization-mediated decrease in contractility.

초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 초기수축 및 구속건조수축

최판길,김용곤,심도식,이봉학 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

Recently, very-early strength latex-modified concrete(below ; VES-LMC) has been developed for repairing and overlaying the old concrete bridge deck. VES-LMC provides the advantage of very-early-strength, as well as high flexural strength, bond strength, durability, resistance to corrosion, reduced water permeability and resistance to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The compressive and flexural strength of VES-LMC are 21 MPa and 4.5 MPa at 3 hours after concrete placing, respectively. However, VES-LMC would have a relatively large shrinkage at early-age because of reduced water-cement ratio, big water self-dissipation, and rapid hydration reaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the early-age and restrained shrinkage of VES-LMC, having an experimental variables such as latex contents and cement types. The latex contents included 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, and the cement types included ordinary portland cement and very-early strength cement.

Isoquinolinium Chlorochromate와 Quinolinium Chlorochromate를 이용한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응

최선도,박영조,이은주 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.2

Isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were synthesized. which were used to oxidize benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol. primary alcohol and secondary alcohols in DMF to give aldehyde of each compound. Their structures were verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) in DMF. As a result, isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were found as efficicent oxidizing agents that converted benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) in DMF. isoquinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) and quinolinium chlorochromate(C_(9)H_(7)NHCrO₃Cl) were selective oxidizing agents of benzylic alcohol. allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.

2-Methylpyrazinium Chlorochromate를 이용한 치환 벤질알코올류의 산화반응 속도

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

2-Methylpyrazinium chlorochromate(2-MPC) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-methylpyrazine with chromium(Ⅵ) trioxide in 6M HCI. 2-MPC structure was verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 2-MPC in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant's order: cyclohexen < chloroform < acetone < acetonitrile. In the presence of acid. 2-MPC oxidized the substituted benzyl alcohols in N,N-dimethylformamide. The Hammett reaction constant p was -0.68 at 303K. The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step

성인의 경부 전면 중앙부위에서 발생한 기형종 1예

최월용,정효진,채종인,하태인,정상렬,이광재,채병도,최영식 고신대학교 의학부 2004 高神大學校 醫學部 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Teratomas are embryonal neoplasms that show characteristics of three germ cell layers(ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). They are distributed in the following regions: sacrococcygeal(57%), gonadal(29%), mediastinal(7%), cervical(3%), retroperitoneal(4%), and intracranial(3%) regions. Non-gonadal treatomas present in infancy whereas gonadal are seen in adolescence. Especially, teratomas that occurred in midline neck of adult are very rare and are confused with thyroglossal duct cysts, cystic hygromas, and thyroid tumors. We report, along with the review of appropriate literature, a case of histopathologically confirmed benign teratoma in the midline neck of a 33 years old woman.

C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3CI와 RuCI_2(PPh_3)_3를 이용한 알코올류의 선택적 산화반응과 그 성질에 관한 연구

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 were synthesized, which were used to oxidize benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols in DMF to give aldehyde of each compound. Their structures were verified by IR. EA and ICP. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 in DMF. As a result, C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 were found as efficient oxidizing agents that converted benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 in DMF. C_5H_6N_2HCrO_3Cl and RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3 Were selective oxidizing agents of benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohols.