Vegetation change and emerging research feedback for Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER)

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Hyun-Je,Lee, Kyu-Song,Park, Pil-Sun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

Various responses of forest ecosystems to climate change underscore the need to improve our understanding of the environmentally-driven changes in forests, most effectively by long-term monitoring protocols. We have explored vegetation dynamics based on changes in community structure, species composition, diversity and demographics in four Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) sites--Mt. Nam, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Worak, and Mt. Jiri--between 2004 and 2009. Most of the sites and forests studied exhibited increments in total basal area, but this was not observed in Quercus mongolica forests in Mt. Nam and Mt. Worak. Stem density exhibited various changes. Altitude gradient was the representative factor in differences in species composition. Two patterns of compositional change--convergence and divergence--were detected. The vegetation of Mt. Nam and Q. mongolica community of Mt. Work showed relatively larger changes in composition. However, in the other sites, few changes were observed. Changes of species richness were not notable except for Mt. Nam, where three species were added in the pine forest, whereas one species disappeared in the oak forest. In the oak forests, mortality rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (25.5%), Mt. Jeombong (24.3%), Mt. Worak (16.4%) and Mt. Jiri (0.8%). In the pine forest, the recruitment rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (63.7%), Mt. Worak (12.9%), Mt. Jeombong (7.6%) and Mt. Jiri (7.3%). The mortality rate and change rate of basal area were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P = 0.002), and the recruitment rate and change rate of density were positively correlated (r = 0.77, P = 0.026). In the KNLTER sites, larger vegetation changes were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as salvage logging. Suppression or competition for resources would also affect these changes. Research suggestions such as monitoring to clarify the causes of species mortality were discussed.

Changes of Landscape Structure for the Recent 20 Years in the Wangsuk Stream Basin of the Central Korea

Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Yong-Chan,Shin, Hyun-Chul,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.4

Landscape changes for 20 years between 1981 and 2001 in the Wangsuk stream basin located on the central Korea were investigated on the basis of physiognomic vegetation map made from the aerial photograph interpretation and field check. Changes of landscape structure were noticeable in agricultural field and forest landscape elements. Changes in the agricultural fields due to transformation of agricultural pattern into the institutional agriculture dominated landscape change, although urbanization also contributed to such change. The former change due to change of food production structure originated from socio-economic development during this period and the latter to the overpopulation of Seoul. As energy sources for heating and cooking, fertilizer, and fodder for livestock transform from plant materials to fossil fuel, manufactured one, and grain, succession of forest escaped from direct human disturbance dominated change of landscape structure in forested land. Differently from the positive landscape change in the upper area, change in the lower area deteriorated landscape quality by increasing artificial land. It was estimated that such landscape deterioration in the Wangsuk stream basin would influence water quality of the stream. In order to realize sustainable land-use against such environmental degradation, systematic environmental management based on landscape ecological perspective such as "an eco-plan for creating riparian vegetation belt," which is under preparation by Ministry of Environment, was recommended.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 Calbindin D-28k과 c-fos의 변화에 관한 연구

김명,김기훈,김주영,하현철,안명수,김장민,조향훈,정명섭,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Changes of Calbindin D-28k- and c-fos-immunoreactivities in the superior collicuclus after Eye Enucleation. Objective and methods: Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) play an important role in the protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindin D-28k were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Also early gene familly c-fos was examined to evaluate the neuronal characteristics in the superior colliculus after monocular enucleation. Results: On the experimental side of superior colliculus, the number of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. Appearance of c-fos-like immunoreactivity was represented much more in the ipsilateral superior colliculus than contralateral side within 24h after eye enucleation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of calbindin D-28k and c-fos expression.

Minimize makespan of permutation flowshop using pointer network

Cho Young In,Nam So Hyun,Cho Ki Young,Yoon Hee Chang,Woo Jong Hun 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.1

During the shipbuilding process, a block assembly line suffers a bottleneck when the largest amount of material is processed. Therefore, scheduling optimization is important for the productivity. Currently, sequence of inbound products is controlled by determining the input sequence using a heuristic or metaheuristic approach. However, the metaheuristic algorithm has limitations in that the computation time increases exponentially as the number of input objects increases, and separate optimization calculations are required for every problem. Also, the heuristic such as dispatching algorithm has the limitation of the exploring the problem domain. Therefore, this study tries a reinforcement learning algorithm based on a pointer network to overcome these limitations. Reinforcement learning with pointer network is found to be suitable for permutation flowshop problem, including input-order optimization. A trained neural network is applied without re-learning, even if the number of inputs is changed. The trained model shows the meaningful results compared with the heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms in makespan and computation time. The trained model outperforms the heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms within a limited range of permutation flowshop problem.

FCT 5 : Fractional laser-assisted topical imiquimod 5% cream treatment for recalcitrant common warts in children

( Hyun Chang Ko ),( Jeong Min Kim ),( Hyun Ho Cho1 ),( Won Jeong Kim ),( Je Ho Mun ),( Margaret Song ),( Hoon Soo Kim ),( Byung Soo Kim ),( Moon Bum Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Conventional destructive modalities for warts like cryotherapy or laser ablation have some limitations that are excruciating pain during procedure, in especially pediatric patients. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that was approved for treating genital and perianal warts. But, thick stratum corneum of common warts may act as a barrier against drug permeation via the skin. Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of above treatment. Methods: Eleven pediatric patients (6 female and 5 male, mean age 12.5 years) were included in this study. The lesions were treated by fractional 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for achieving the penetration of stratum corneum with 1 or 2 weeks intervals. Then, imiquimod 5% cream was self-applied once daily for 5 days a week. Assessment of response and adverse effects was performed every 2 weeks until complete clearance or up to maximum of 48 weeks. Pain during procedure was checked by VAS (0-10). Results: 8 out of 11 (72.7%) patients experienced complete clearance of all warts lesions. Mean duration of total treatment was 29.7 (16-48) weeks. Mean number of fractional laser treatment was 17.5 (8-37) times. No significant adverse effect was observed. VAS score of the pain during fractional laser treatment was 2.4 (1-4), comparing with 6.2 (5-8) during cryotherapy. Conclusion: Fractional ErYAG laser-assisted topical 5% imiquimod cream is an effective and safe treatment option for recalcitrant common warts of the children do not tolerate pain well.

The Effect of Coolant Boiling on the Molten Metal Pool Heat Transfer with Local Solidification

Cho, Jea-Seon,Kune Y. Suh,Chung, Chang-Hyun,Park, Rae-Joon,Kim, Sang-Baik Korean Nuclear Society 2000 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.32 No.1

This study is concerned with the experimental test and numerical analysis of the heat transfer and solidification of the molten metal pool with overlying coolant with boiling. In the test, the metal pool is heated from the bottom surface and coolant is injected onto the molten metal pool. Experiments were performed by changing the test section bottom surface temperature of the metal layer and the coolant injection rate. The two-phase boiling coolant experimental results are compared against the dry test data without coolant or solidification of the molten metal pool, and against the crust formation experiment with subcooled coolant. Also, a numerical analysis is performed to check on the measured data. The numerical program is developed using the enthalpy method, the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm. The experimental results of the heat transfer show general agreement with the calculated values. The present empirical test and numerical results of the heat transfer on the molten metal pool are apparently higher than those without coolant boiling. This is probably because this experiment was performed in concurrence of solidification in the molten metal pool and the rapid boiling of the coolant. The other experiments were performed without coolant boiling and the correlation was developed for the pure molten metal without phase change.

Bone Marrow T Cells are Superior to Splenic T Cells to Induce Chimeric Conversion After Non-Myeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation

( Hyun Sil Park ),( Seok Goo Cho ),( Min Jung Park ),( So Youn Min ),( Hong Seok Chang ),( Hee Je Kim ),( Seok Lee ),( Chang Ki Min ),( Jong Wook Lee ),( Woo Sung Min ),( Chun Choo Kim ),( Ho Youn Kim 대한내과학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.24 No.3

Background/Aims: The bone marrow functions not only as the primary B-lymphocyte-producing organ but also as a secondary lymphoid organ for CD4 and CD8 cell responses and a site of preferential homing and persistence for memory T cells. Bone marrow T (BM-T) cells are distinguished from peripheral blood T cells by surface phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, and immune functions. In this study, we evaluated the alloreactive potential of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) using BM-T cells in mixed chimerism compared to that using spleen T (SP-T) cells. Methods: Cells were prepared using established procedures. BM-T cells were obtained as a by-product of T-cell depletion in BM grafting and then cryopreserved for subsequent DLI. We performed DLI using BM-T cells in allogeneic mixed chimera mice on post-BMT day 21. Results: When the same dose of T cells, 5-10×105 (Thy1.2+), fractionated from BM and spleen were administered into mixed chimeras, the BM-T group showed complete chimeric conversion, with self-limited graftversus-host disease (GVHD) and no pathological changes. However, the SP-T group showed persistent mixed chimerism, with pathological signs of GVHD in the liver and intestine. Conclusions: Our results suggest that DLI using BM-T cells, even in small numbers, is more potent at inducing chimeric conversion in mixed chimerism than DLI using SP-T cells. Further study is needed to determine whether cryopreserved BM-T cells are an effective cell source for DLI to consolidate donor-dominant chimerism in clinical practice without concerns about GVHD. (Korean J Intern Med 2009;24:252-262)

地方人事自治權의 理想과 現實

조창현 한양대학교 사회과학대학 1996 社會科學論叢 Vol.15 No.-

1. Introduction The Kim Young Sam Administration was expected to launch a full-pledged reforms in the area of politics and public administration in general and local autonomy and decentralization in particular when he took over the government that was characterized with a long history of military dictatorship and over-centralization for the past half century. However, after nearly four years in office and two years after the first local election in 30 years which elected the nation's governors and mayors along with local councilpersons, one cannot help but escaping the impression that the age-old central grip over the local affairs including local personnel authority has yet to be relaxed. This paper looks into the causes and consequences of the decentralization efforts initiated by the South Korean authorities over the past few years with a special reference to local personnel authority. 2. Local Self-Government and Local Personnel This section discusses the ever-changing environment for local public administration and its expected changes in the public's demand. Local self-government means, first of all, that the local government must have a capacity to perform and expected role of self-governing. One of the prerequisites of local self-government is a presence of competent local public personnel and independent local press which inform the public and also watch over the possible abuses and corruptions of local authority. 3. Myth and Reality of Local Personnel Authority Local government has not improved its authority over the local personnel after the formal launching of the local self-government in 1995. Still the central Ministry of Home Affairs exercises it traditional authority in almost every aspect of local personnel administration including recruitment, examination, promotion, re-classification, compensation, manpower ceiling, and many other personnel matters. What little changes the Ministry braggs about since 1995 includes such insignificant measures as the shifting from the Ministry to the provincial government the authority to approve local position group or the total manpower ceiling instead of the individual position authorization and the introduction of the model organization structure instead of the rigid uniform local organization. 4. Proposed Personnel Reform 1) Locally-controlled Local Civil Service Commission 2) Conversion of Central Personnel who are attached to Local Government to Local Authority. 3) Reclassification(upgrading) of Local Positions. 4) Open Competetive Examination and Recuritment for Grade Positions. 5) Test is madatory for Grade Ⅳ and Up Positions. 6) Total Manpower Ceilings are within the Local Authority. 7) "Specialists-rather-than-Generalists-prefered' Personnel Policy. 5. Conclusion It is acknowledged that the age-old practices of the centralized personnel authority will not disappear overnight simply because the local residents elected their governors and mayors for the first time in three decades. Therefore, there are many factors which are responsible for this ever-slow-moving pace of decentralization. First of all, there is the reluctance of those who are in power of political, governmental, administrative, economic, information-controlling positions to share the authority with the local governments. Second is the public's not-so-high esteem of the local personnel in terms of its integrety, competence, and creativity. Third is the general public's low-esteem of themselves in terms of its democratic consciousness, civic duties, and social responsibilities. Nevertheless, it is no time to try to justify the undemocratic, non-self-governing system and practices of local personnel authority if we are determined to experience a true local self-government in the not-so-distant future.

알코올 및 인삼액이 효소활성도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

신경현,조만희,김창세 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study was investigated for the change of r-GTP, CPK activity and CPK-isoenzyme by alcohol and Ginseng administration, The normal white S.D rats were classified with four groups; ethanol treated was group A, ethanol pretreated group combined pretreated with Ginseng extract was group B, Ginseng extract treated was group C, and Ginseng extract treated group combined pretreated with ethanol was group D. The white rats of four groups were treated with 20%, 30%, 40% ethanol and/or 1% Ginseng extract. Then enzyme activities such as r-GTP, CPK and CPK-isoenzyme had been measared in serum, hepatic, and renal tissues. The sample was collected by 5 day intervalus for 25 days. The following results were obtained. 1. The changes of serum r-GTP activities were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in Ginseng-treated group. 2. The changes of hepatic r-GTP activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in Ginseng-treated group. 3. The changes of renal r-GTP activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group. 4. The changes of serum CPK activites were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group. 5. The changes of hepatic and renal tissue CPK activites were not significant. 6. The changes of serum and hepatic tissue CPK-isoengyme were significantly increased in ethanol-treated group, decreased in ginseng-treated group combined pretreated with ethanol. 7. The changes of CPK-isoengyme, CPK 1 and CPK 2 were not significant.

관측자료 기반 격자 생성자료 생성 및 예측모형 연구

조창제(Chang Je Cho),곽경일(Gyeong Il Kwak),주현석(Hyun Seok Joo),김국진(Kuk Jin Kim) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2021 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.30 No.1

Natural disasters are increasing due to recent climate change. Rainfall directly or indirectly affects aquaculture and agriculture. Therefore, it is important to anticipate and prepare for this. In this study, a study on the performance comparison between spatial interpolation techniques was conducted based on observed data, and predicted based on the data produced by the spatial interpolation techniques. The spatial interpolation methods compared the inverse distance weighting method, kriging and spatial random forest through MAE (Mean absolute error), RMSE (Root mean square error), correlation coefficient. The verification of predicted data was compared through MAE, CSI (Critical Success Index), FAR (False Alarm Ratio), POD (Probability of Detection) and ETS (Equitable Threat Score).