網狀織內皮細胞系統이 胸腺『아렐기-』性變化에 미치는 影響에關한 實驗的硏究

柳昌鉉 최신의학사 1958 最新醫學 Vol.1 No.1

Series of studies regarding to the relation of the R.E.S. to allergic changes were carried out by many investigators. Boyd, Topley and Wilson, Wilson and Bloom, Hayashi and Maruyama described the produc- tion of antibody in the R.E.S.. Oka found that anaphyla ctic shock was inhibited by splenectomy. Prof.Yun, Far- mer reported that anaphylactic shock was inhibited by thymusectomy: Meanwhile, Ogawa and Isida recogni- zed that , anaphylactic shock was aggrevated by the administration of thymic substance. Juiigeblut and Berlot, Gay and Clark, Tuft, Oka, Sakurai, Watanave, Hirakawa and Ozima and Iwaii also recognized inhibition of anaphylactic shock in !he R.E.S. blockaded animals. Akahoshi, Apitz, Klinge and Umasugi reported that the main hyperallergic changes in liver were changed' in the stellet cells. Haedel and,Karsue have reported that anaphylactic- shock was inhibited by the-injection of a large dose of India ink solution and was aggrevated by a small dose of India ink solution: Prof. Yun, Moldovan, Slavoacet et Zolog found a protective substance against anaphylactic shock in the serum of the R. E. S. blockaded animal and claimed that the protective substance seems to be corresponded by the endocrine function in the R.E.S..Seul has reported that allergic in the liver were inhibited either by the injection of India ink solution or serum from the R. E. S. blockaded animal. 'Song also has recognized that the injection of India ink solution or serum from the R. E. S. blockaded animal inhibited allergic changes in the lungs. The experiment to be reported in this paper was to study the influence of the R.E.S. on allergic changes in thymus. Experimental material and method Normal rabbit weighing around 800 grams were used. I cc. of normal horse serum per kilogram of horse serum per kilogram of body weight given' locally . in thymus parencyma two weeks later.: For blockading the R.E.S., India ink solution obtained by the sterili- zation of i0% of BOPIL MUkJIP saline. solution was used. 1. Nonsensitizing group. The normal horse serum was injected locally in'the thymus parenchyma without sensitization. 2. Sensitizing group. The normal horse serum was injected subcutaneo 4 times for sensitizing. For reinjection, O.I cc, of normal horse serum per kilogram of body weight was given to the thymus parenchyma two weeks later. 3. Single injection of 50c. India ink solution. Allergic changes were observed in rabbits into which India ink solution, 5 cc. per kilogram of body Weight, was injected- intravenously 24 hours before sensitization. 4. Plural injection of 5 cc. India ink solution. Allergic changes were observed An rabbits into which India, ink :solution, 5 cc. per kilogram of body weight, was injected intravenouslly 6 times with 12 hours intervals 24 hours before sensitization. 5. Injection of the serum from normal rabbits. Allergic changes in. the thymus were observed in rabbits into which normal rabbit serum, 2 cc. per kilogram of body weight was injected intravenously 24 hours before sensitization. 6. Injection of the serum from single injection of 5 cc. India ink solution. Serum from rabbits, 2 cc. per kilogram of body weight,' into 'which 5 cc, of India ink solution per kilogram. of body weight had,,been injected was given 24 hours before sensitization. ` 7. Injection' of the serum from "plural injection of 5 cc. India ink solution. "The serum from rabbits, ,2 cc. per kilogram of body weight, into which 5, cc, of India ink solution per Kilogram of body weight " had been `injected 6 times with 12 hours intervals was given 24 hours before sensitization. Discussion Moldvan, Slovoaca of Zolog, Prof. Yun claimed the existance of inhibitory substance against allergic changes in the serum of the R.E,S. blockade. As ohs erved in these experiment, the 'injection of serum from rabbits blockaded with India ink solution, especially in the group receiving the serum from single iniection of India ink solution inhibited markedly allergic changes in thymus. It is quite apparent that the serum of the R. E. S. blockaded rabbits contain an inhibited subst- ante against allergic changes. Allergic changes in thymus were slightly inhibited. in rabbits directly blockaded with India ink solution. Jungeblut and Berlot, Gay and. Clark, Siegmond and Okazaki previously descrived the inhibition of allergic changes in the R.E.S. blockade. That is the inhibitory substance against allergic' changes were secreted from the R. E. S.. Conclusions. Studies on the relation between allergic changes in thymus and the R. E. S. are reported. 1) The injection of serum from the R.E.S. blockade with India ink solution inhibited allergic changes in thymus. 2) Direct blockade of the R. E. S. slightly, inhibited, allergic changes in thymus.

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 변화과정에 관한 연구

전영자 ( Chun Young Ja ),김소인 ( Kim So In ),이평숙 ( Lee Pyoung Sook ),김순용 ( Kim Soon Yong ),이숙자 ( Lee Sook Ja ),박은숙 ( Park Eun Sook ),장성옥 ( Chang Sung Ok ) 한국간호과학회 2000 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly. Methods: Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship (F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition (F=7.84, p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition. Conclusion: The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross-sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

대표농도경로 (RCP) 시나리오에 따른 회야강 유역의 미래 유출 및 유사 변화 분석

황창수(Hwang, Chang Su),최철웅(Choi, Chul Uong),최지선(Choi, Ji Sun) 대한공간정보학회 2014 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 미래 기후변화 및 토지피복변화가 유역 내 유출량과 유사량의 거동에 가져올 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 기상자료는 IPCC 5차 평가보고서를 위해 새롭게 논의된 RCP 시나리오 중 서로 상반되는 4.5 및 8.5 시나리오의 기후전망 (2011~2100년) 이 사용되었으며, 토지피복지도는 RCP 4.5 및 8.5 시나리오의 사회ㆍ경제 스토리라인과 로지스틱 회귀모형 (LR)을 이용하여 개발 된 모델에 의해 구축되었다. 기후변화만 고려한 경우, 토지피복변화만 고려한 경우, 기후변화 및 토지피복변화 모두 고려한 경우의 세 가지 시나리오를 설정하고, 각 시나리오에 따른 유출량 및 유사량을 모의한 결과 계절적으로 매우 명확한 변화를 나타내었다. 기후변화는 봄과 겨울에 유출량을 증가시키고 여름과 가을에 유출량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 유사량 역시 유출량과 동일한 변화의 양상을 보였다. 토지피복변화는 유출량을 증가시키는 반면 유사량은 감소시키며, 이는 도시화로 인한 불투수 면적의 증가에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 토지피복변화는 기후변화에 비해 유출량에 적은 영향을 끼치나, 기후변화에 의해 초래된 유출량 문제를 더욱 극대화 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 지속적인 수자원 관리를 위하여 기후변화의 잠재적 영향을 파악하고, 토지피복변화에 따른 적절한 수자원 대응 정책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study is analyze future climate and land cover change affects behaviors for amount of streamflow and sediment discharge within basin. We used the climate forecast data in RCP 4.5 and 8.5 (2011-2100) which is opposite view for each other among RCP scenarios that are discussed for 5th report for IPCC. Land cover map built based on a socialㆍeconomic storyline in RCP 4.5/8.5 using Logistic Regression model. In this study we set three scenarios: one scenario for climate change only, one for land cover change only, one for Last both climate change and land cover change. It simulated amount of streamflow and sediment discharge and the result showed a very definite change in the seasonal variation both of them. For climate change, spring and winter increased the amount of streamflow while summer and fall decreased them. Sediment showed the same pattern of change steamflow. Land cover change increases the amount of streamflow while it decreases the amount of sediment discharge, which is believed to be caused by increase of impervious Surface due to urbanization. Although land cover change less affects the amount of streamflow than climate change, it may maximize problems related to the amount of streamflow caused by climate change. Therefore, it"s required to address potential influence from climate change for effective water resource management and prepare suitable measurement for water resource.

흰쥐의 위산 분비 및 실험적 괴양에 미치는 향정신성물질의 영향

白尙昌 大韓神經精神醫學會 1974 신경정신의학 Vol.13 No.1

Introduction of psychotropic agents to the field of psychiatry brought tremendous change and new implication in the therapeutic aspect as well as the concept of psychosomatic medicine. Reserpine was introduced by Sen & Bose(1931), and Vakil(1949) and Hakim(1953) has proved it to release biogenic amine (serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamin) at brain cell and peripheral tissues. Chlorpromazine was proved to have tranquilizing effect by Laborit et al(1952), and tremendons therapeutic effect to treat the psychiatric patient was shown by Delay (1952 a&b) and Courvoisier(1653). Jn 1961, Gey and Pletscher, and Axelrod found that chlorpromazine reduced the permeability of granular membrane, where the biogenic amine was stored. Haloperidol, a derivative of butyrophenone was synthesized by Janssen(1958). In 1966 Glowinski and Axelrod and in 1967 Janssen and Schildkraut et.al. reported that haloperidol reduced the shift of catecholamine from neuron and granular membrane. Meprobamate, one of the minor tranquilizers, has been used widely as an antianxiety agent and antiulcer agent as well. But recently it seemed that the derivatives of benzodiazepine replaced meprobamate as antianxiety and antiulcer agent. In 1952, Delay reported the iproniazid showed anti-depressive effect and Zeller explained that iproniazid had M.A.O. inhibitory action (1952). In 1958, Kuhn reported imipramine, which has similar chemical structure of phenothiazine, showed M.A.O. inhibitory action and antidepressive action. Until recently many psychotropic agents has been introduced and used widely in the field of psychiatry. Author tried to find the influence of various psychotropic agents on gastric secretion and experimentally-induced peptic ulcer in rat. White male rat, average 180g of body weight was used as experimental animal. Experiment on gastric secretion was carried out with the method of Shay(1945), With the centrifuged gastric secretory material, the P.H. was measured by Radiometer, Titrator TTT₂(Copenhagen), and gastric secretion amount was measured by Autoburett, ABU11 (Radiometer). Experiment of artificial gastric ulcer was carried out through the stress givent by ① pyloric ligation ② shaking ③ restraint with upside down position. Pathological change on the mucous membrane of rat stomach including hemorrhage, erosion and perforation etc. was observed by Stereoscope. Result (1) Diazepam inhibited gastric secretion (especially gastric acid) and lowered the acidity. Yet meprobamate on the contrary, raised gastric secretion and acidity, which might possibly be due to its peripheral effect. (2) Chlorpromazine markedly depressed the gastric secretion. But Prochlorperazine, Haloperidol, and Reserpine did not show any significant change on gastric secretion, which might be due to their limited dosage to influence on gastric secretion. (3) Tranylcypromine, and M.A.O. inhibitor, markedly reduced gastric secretion and gastric acidity. The Imipramine, tricyclic antidepressant with similar chemical structure of chlorpromazine, lowered the free acid of stomach in rat. (4) The stress of pyloric ligation showed ulcerative change on rumen of stomach. Diazepam and Chlorpromazine premedicated rat did not reveal much change. But Tranylcypromine premedicated rat showed severe degree of ulcer change on all experimented rats and two of them were dead of perforation of stomach, which seemed to be the result of stomach, which seemed to be the result of stomach, which seemed to be the result of peripheral effect or decreased mucus of gastric secretion as an effect of relax action. (5) The stress of shaking the rat brought erosion and edematous change on rumen but no ulcerative change took place. Diazepam premedicated group has not showed change on mucous membrane. Chlorpromazine premedicated group showed mild degree of change. But Reserpine treated group showed marked degree of ulcer change on the rumen and 4 of this group died of gastric perforation. (6) The stress of restraint of rat with upside down position revealed marked degree of erosion and hemorrhage on glandular portion, but no change on rumen. But Diazepam, Chlorpromazine and Imipramine premedicated group of rats showed lesser degree above changes. As shown above, varions psychotropic agents influenced on gastric secretion and experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats. It might be explained that most of the psychotropic agents could influence on biogenic amine metabolism of brain and on regulating anxiety, which prevent hypersecretion of stomach. But as a few of the exception for instance. Tranylcypromine and Reserpine brought severe degree of ulcer change, which might possible be due to the peripheral effect. Above two psychotropic agents are to be alarmed to use to the patient with peptic ulcer.

대학생의 성교육 효과측정을 위한 기초 연구

장순복,최연순,강희선,박소미,Chang, Soon-Bok,Choi, Yun-Soon,Kang, Hee-Sun,Park, So-Mi 대한간호협회 1997 대한간호 Vol.36 No.2

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

논문 : 배당의 미래이익 예측력과 외국인투자자

강태구 ( Tae Goo Kang ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),남혜정 ( Hye Jeong Nam ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2013 금융지식연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 외국인 투자자들의 지분율에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 검증하였다. 일반적으로 배당지급은 기업의 미래이익을 예측하는 데 유용한 정보로 여겨지고 있으나, 이에 대한 실증연구결과들은 혼재되어 있다. 또한 배당의사결정과 관련된 연구들은 투자자들의 배당선호현상에 따라 기업의 배당의사결정이 영향을 받고 있음을 제시하고 있으며, 특히 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정에 외국인투자자가 미치는 영향이 매우 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구가 높은 경우, 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래이익에 대한 사적정보의 전달수단이기 보다는 단기적으로 배당에 대한 투자자들의 요구를 반영한 결과로 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다. 나아가 이러한 배당의사결정은 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 낮게 만들 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 재검증하고, 나아가 외국인지분율에 따라 배당의 미래이익예측력이 달라지는지 검증하였다. 먼저, 배당의 미래이익 예측연구들은 자기자본이익률(ROE)의 평균회귀(mean reverting)현상과 배당증가 또는 배당감소가 이익변화에 미치는 비대칭적 영향을 고려하고 있으나, 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 변수들을 통제하지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 선행연구에서 제시되고 있는 기업규모(SIZE), 성장성(SGR), 부채비율(LEV), 그리고 연도더미를 추가하여, 이를 통제하고 난 후에도 배당의 미래이익예측력이 여전히 존재하는지 검증하였다. 둘째, 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 기업의 배당의사결정에 영향을 미치는 특정집단에 의하여 달라지는지 검증하였다. 2000년부터 2007년까지 배당지급을 한 6,720 기업-년 표본을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 기본 모형뿐만 아니라 여러 통제변수를 포함한 모형에서도 우리나라 기업들의 배당변화는 미래 1년 뒤의 이익변화와 유의한 양의 관계를 나타냈으나, 미래 2년 뒤의 이익변화와는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 추가한 모형의 설명력(R2=0.46)이 기본모형의 설명력(R2=0.28)보다 급격히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 외국인지분율을 통제할 경우, 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 이는 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래전망에 근거하여 이루어지기보다는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구를 반영하는 수단으로 사용되고 있음을 보여준다. 즉 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정이 외국인투자자들의 배당요구를 반영하여 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 대부분의 선행연구들이 외국인투자자와 배당성향간의 동시적인 관계에 대한 결과들을 제시한 반면에, 외국인투자자가 우리나라 기업들의 배당의사결정에 미치는 영향과 함께 배당의 미래이익예측력의 관점에서 살펴보았다는 점에 의의가 있다. This paper investigates whether the dividend payout predicts future earnings and the predictability varies depending on the proportion of investors. Specifically, this paper examines the effect of foreign investors on the relationship between dividend change and the predictability of future earnings in Korean firms. Reasoning from the hypothesis that dividend changes convey new information about a firm`s future profitability, a dividend increase is seen as a positive signal about the firm`s future earnings and profitability. However, the results from prior studies are controversial. Some papers have suggested that dividend changes would mean different things depending on a firm`s dividend policy and the motives behind its managers` decision to pay dividends. In addition, a firm`s governance is considered as one of important factors that affects dividend policy. In the Korean security market, foreign investors owned about 38% of the stock in 2007. As the percentage of foreign ownership had grown, many researchers have analyzed the effect of this ownership on dividend policy. However, prior studies found mixed results and have focused on the association between foreign investors and the level of the dividend or dividend change. They also suggest that predictability of dividend on future earnings is influenced by applied assumption on earnings and other factors like governance as well. We revisit the dividend signaling issue in the light of the catering theory of dividends suggested by Baker and Wurgler (2004). Lintner (1956) argued that managers unwilling to change payout ratio without any important change on the firm`s future performance. Won and Kim (1992) report that managers are more likely to be concerned about the internal factors such as net income, divisible surplus, predicted future performance, and the shareholders` preference for dividend policy. More importantly, several studies suggest that the foreign investors have a significant effect on the Korean market. Park (2004) reports that foreign investors` participation in firms generally pushes up the dividend payments while pulling down investments made in facilities no matter which industry a company is in. Sul and Kim (2006) show that those companies whose majority shareholders are foreign investors tend to pay higher dividends than others whose majority shareholders are domestic investors. In contrast to negative effect of foreign investor, there are empirical studies claiming positive impact of foreign investor in Korean market. Ahn, Shin, and Chang (2005) suggest that foreign investors prefer firms with lower information asymmetry. The study also shows that foreign investors can effectively monitor the management of firm in lessening information asymmetry. Similarly, Park and Lee (2006) suggest that foreign investors` participation in investment of domestic firms can help them make more efficient management decision by improving their corporate governance. Thus, Park and Lee claim that it is problematic to generalize the negative role of foreign investors in the Korean market. Based on this argument, we predict that if foreign investors play an effective monitoring role in a dividend policy, dividend change for firms with higher level of foreign investors is a good indicator in predicting future earnings than for firms with lower level of foreign investors. However, if foreign investors play a negative role in dividend decision process, predictability of dividend decreases. We test this prediction by using the modified model with several control variables that can affect earnings changes. Using 6,720 observations from 1993 to 2007, we find that the dividend change predicts future earnings for next one year relative to the dividend change year. Specifically, the coefficient on RDIV is 0.045 (t=6.85) and this indicates the dividend increases is a good indicator in predicting future earnings. When it comes to model specification, adjusted R2 of modified model is greater than that of the basic model, which means that the modified model is well specified in explaining earnings changes. The result of the effect of foreign investors on predictability of dividend is not significant. This finding implies that managers, on average, decide to pay dividend as a response to demand from foreign investors.

Effect of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Ipsilateral Lower Limb Alignment and Knee Joint Space Width: Minimum 5-Year Follow-up

Choi Yun Seong,Park Jung-Wee,Kim Tae Woo,Kang Kee Soo,Lee Young-Kyun,Koo Kyung-Hoi,Chang Chong Bum 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.20

Background: This study aimed to 1) assess the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on coronal limb alignment, namely, the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), 2) identify factors that determine changes in the HKA, and 3) determine whether alignment changes influence the knee joint space width. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 266 limbs of patients who underwent THA. Three types of prostheses with neck shaft angles (NSAs) of 132°, 135°, and 138° were used. Several radiographic parameters were measured in the preoperative and final radiographs (at least 5 years after THA). A paired t-test was used to confirm the effect of THA on HKA change. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify radiographic parameters related to HKA changes following THA and changes in knee joint space width. Subgroup analyses were performed to reveal the effect of NSA change on the HKA change, and the proportion of total knee arthroplasty usage and changes in radiographic parameters between maintained joint space and narrowed joint space groups were compared. Results: The preoperative mean HKA was 1.4° varus and increased to 2.7° varus after THA. This change was related to changes in the NSA, lateral distal femoral angle, and femoral bowing angle. In particular, in the group with a decrease in NSA of > 5°, the preoperative mean HKA was largely changed from 1.4° varus to 4.6° varus after THA. The prostheses with NSA of 132° and 135° also led to greater varus HKA changes than those with an NSA of 138°. Narrowing of the medial knee joint space was related to changes in the varus direction of the HKA, decrease in NSA, increase in femoral offset. Conclusion: A large reduction in NSA can lead to considerable varus limb alignment after THA, which can have adverse effects on the medial compartment of the ipsilateral knee.

사회변화에 따른 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성

장혜진 ( Hae Jin Chang ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2020 한국디자인포럼 Vol.25 No.1

연구배경 효과적인 유니버설디자인 관련 정책수립과 적용을 위해서는 우리의 삶에 영향을 끼치는 사회변화의 양상에 대한 진단이 선행되어야 한다. 이에, 본 연구는 사회변화에 따라 변모하게 될 유니버설디자인 관련 이슈들을 예측하고, 현재 국내 유니버설디자인 관련 현황을 진단한 후 사회변화의 양상에 적합한 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성을 제안하는 것을 그 목표로 한다. 연구방법 본 연구에서는 향후 우리 사회에 미치는 영향이 큰 주요한 사회변화를 선정하고 이에 따라 변모하게 될 유니버설디자인 관련 이슈를 예측하였다. 유니버설디자인 관련 연구논문, 정책보고서, 문헌, 법령 등을 통해 선행연구와 정책 동향을 분석하여 현재 국내 유니버설 디자인 관련 법률, 조례, 가이드라인 등을 중심으로 국내 유니버설디자인 적용 현황을 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 사회변화를 고려한 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성을 제안했다. 연구결과 유니버설디자인의 적용 방향성을 도출하기 위해 고려해야 할 주요한 사회변화로 초고령화 사회 진입, 사회통합 추구, 지속 가능한 발전 추구, 신기술 출현 및 산업 다변화 등을 들 수 있다. 현재 국내 유니버설디자인 관련 법률, 조례, 가이드라인을 사회변화 양상에 비추어 점검한 결과, 향후 우리 사회가 추구해야 할 유니버설디자인의 적용 방향성을 크게 다음과 같은 네 가지로 도출하였다. 사회 구성원 간 공존의 가치 추구, 지속 가능성의 추구, 공공영역에서 민간영역으로의 확장, 유니버설디자인 적용 영역 다양화가 그것이다. 결론 본 연구의 연구결과는 미래 사회변화에 대응한 유니버설디자인 정책수립 및 디자인 분야의 유니버설디자인 연구개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Background For the effective establishment of policies and application related to universal design, the comprehensive study on the aspect of social changes that influences on human lives must be performed in priority. Therefore, this study purposes to predict universal design-related issues that will change according to social change, evaluate the current status of universal design in Korea, and suggest the application direction of universal design considering the social change. Methods This study selected major social changes that have a significant impact on our society in the future, and predicts universal design-related issues that would be transformed by the social changes. Through the research papers, policy reports, literature, and laws related to universal design, previous studies and policy trends were analyzed to identify the current status of universal design in Korea, focusing on current laws, ordinances, and guidelines related to universal design. Based on such, the application direction of universal design considering the social changes was suggested. Result The major social changes to be considered in deriving the direction of universal design include the entry into an aging society, the pursuit of social integration, the pursuit of sustainable development, the emergence of new technologies and the diversification of industries. As a result of inspecting the laws, ordinances and guidelines regarding the current domestic universal design, the application direction of universal design which our society should pursue in the future are derived into four directions; pursuance of coexistence value between social members, pursuance of sustainability, expansion from public areas to private areas, and diversification of universal design application areas. Conclusion The results of this study could be used as the foundation materials for the establishment of universal design policies and research and development of universal design in design areas corresponding to the future social changes.

Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

Image Contrast Enhancement by Illumination Change Detection

Bayanmunkh Odgerel(바잉뭉흐 어드게렐),Chang Hoon Lee(이창훈) 한국지능시스템학회 2014 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

영상처리를 통한 이동 물체 인식과 화질 개선 등의 연구에서 조명 변화가 성능에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 조명 변환에 대한 대응은 컴퓨터 비전 응용 분야에서의 중요한 관심사 중 하나이다. 조명 변화를 감지할 수 있게 되면 변화가 있는 시점에서부터 적절한 개선 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 인식률 향상 및 화질 개선 효과를 증대시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 급격한 조명 변화를 감지함에 있어 실시간성을 얻기 위하여 지역 정보를 이요하고 퍼지 논리를 도입하여 이를 효과적으로 감지하는 방법을 제안한다. 급격한 조명 변화를 감지하는 효과적인 방법으로 모서리 영역과 가운데 영역에 대한 각각의 히스토그램의 평균과 편차, 그리고 변화 추이를 반영하기 위하여 이전 프레임의 각 영역에 대한 히스토그램의 평균과 편차와의 변화량을 입력으로 급격한 조명 변화가 있을 때 입력 값의 변화 패턴을 퍼지 규칙으로 만들어 조명 변화를 감지 하도록 하였다. 또한 움직이는 물체에 가려 발생하는 변화와 구별하기 위하여 전체 영역에 대한 평균과 편차 변화량을 도입하여 논리적으로 추론하여 차이를 구별할 수 있도록 하였고 점진적으로 조명이 변화하는 것을 감지할 수 있도록 하였다. 다양한 테스트 데이터에 대해 객관적인 정확도 측정 기법을 이용하여 민감도와 특이도를 계산하여 제안한 방법의 효용성을 보였다. 적응형 뉴로-퍼지 추론시스템을 도입하여 대비제한 적응 히스토그램 평활화 (CLAHE)의 매개 변수를 자동으로 선택할 수 있는 방법을 제안하여 급격한 조명의 변화를 감지한 결과를 바탕으로 화질을 개선할 수 있음을 보였다. There are many image processing based algorithms and applications that fail when illumination change occurs. Therefore, the illumination change has to be detected then the illumination change occurred images need to be enhanced in order to keep the appropriate algorithm processing in a reality. In this paper, a new method for detecting illumination changes efficiently in a real time by using local region information and fuzzy logic is introduced. The effective way for detecting illumination changes in lighting area and the edge of the area was selected to analyze the mean and variance of the histogram of each area and to reflect the changing trends on previous frame’s mean and variance for each area of the histogram. The ways are used as an input. The changes of mean and variance make different patterns when illumination change occurs. Fuzzy rules were defined based on the patterns of the input for detecting illumination changes. Proposed method was tested with different dataset through the evaluation metrics; in particular, the specificity, recall and precision showed high rates. An automatic parameter selection method was proposed for contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization method by using entropy of image through adaptive neural fuzzy inference system. The results showed that the contrast of images could be enhanced. The proposed algorithm is robust to detect global illumination change ,and it is also computationally efficient in real applications.