독일어 접속 부사의 한국어 번역양상 - 말뭉치(Korpus)에 나타난 출현유형과 빈도수를 중심으로

임병화 ( Lim Byoung-hwa ) 한국독일어교육학회 2021 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.48 No.-

Im Deutschen gehören die koordinierenden Konjunktionen und die Konjunktionaladverbien zu den Konnektoren. Unter ihnen fungiert das Konjunktionaladverb als ein Konjunktivadverbial im Satz. Diese Untersuchung beginnt mit diesen Konjunktivadverbialen. Zunächst wurden die deutschen Konjunktionaladverbien nach ihrer Bedeutung eingeteilt, gesucht und ihre koreanischen Übersetzungsformen analysiert. Die Suchergebnisse und die Übersetzungsformen in beiden Sprachen wurden anhand der Häufigkeitszahl und der Häufigkeitsrate ihres Auftretens präsentiert. Sie wurden in einer Tabelle dargestellt und anschließend grafisch vereinfacht dargestellt, so dass sie auf einen Blick erkennbar ist. Die deutschen Konjunktionaladverbien(KD:265; SD:262) nach Duden (2005) “Grammatik. 7., Auflage”. sind in sechs Bedeutungen wie “kontrastiv(KD:56; SD:45), kausal(KD:59; SD:53), konditional/konsekutiv (KD:28; SD:75), konzessiv(KD:54; SD:27), kopulativ(KD:43; SD:31), und spezfizierend(KD:22; SD:28)” unterteilt und jedes ihnen entsprechende Vokabular wird weitgehend speziell vorgestellt. Dazu wurden die aus den Wortgruppen zusammengesetzten siebten Konjunktivadverbiale(KD:3; SD:3) nicht nach Bedeutung klassifiziert, da es numerisch nicht so viele gab. Betrachtet man die beiden Korpora für jede Sprache, zeigen im Deutschen und im Koreanischen das ‘Kontrastiv’ “jedoch”-“geuleona”, das ‘Kausal’ “deshalb”-“ttalaseo”, das ‘Konditional/Konsekutiv’ “dann”-“X (nicht übersetzt)”, das ‘Konzessiv’ “allerdings”-“mullon”, das ‘Kopulativ’ “außerdem”-“aulleo” und das ‘Spezifizierend’ “zwar”-“X(nicht übersetzt)” die höchste Auftretenshäufigkeit. Die in dieser Untersuchung verwendeten Parallelkorpora waren “Koreahuete im Deutschen(KD)” und “Koreahuete im Koreanischen(KK)” und “Der Spiegel im Deutschen(SD)” und “Der Spiegel im Koreanischen (SK), die aus den ursprünglichen deutschen Texten und den koreanisch übersetzten bestehen.

바이오·의료·자성 융합연구 현황

임병화(Byeonghwa Lim),김철기(CheolGi Kim) 한국자기학회 2020 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

Biomedical convergence technology based on magnetic technology has been potential ranges from expensive medical equipment such as MRI and MEG that can be used in large hospitals to laboratory-level equipment such as molecular diagnostic equipment, and simple devices that can be used by individuals such as immunochromatography. Until now, they are active in various fields in the field of disease diagnosis. Diagnosis technology using magnetic sensors and magnetic nanoparticles shows the possibility of developing small, portable equipment with diagnostic capabilities comparable to those of medical equipment used in hospitals. In addition to such disease diagnosis, various studies are being conducted as a next-generation biomedical technology such as manipulation of cell location and remote control of nerve cells. This paper briefly summarizes the previously described studies and introduces recent research trends in molecules(microscopic), cells(mesoscopic), organs and bodies(macroscopic) studies.

일본 암호자산 법제도와 그 시사점에 관한 연구

임병화 금융감독원 2020 금융감독연구 Vol.7 No.2

The market for cryptoasset, which has grown rapidly based on the potential of blockchaintechnology, is bound to be regulated by financial authorities in order to protect investors. In 2016, Japan admitted cryptoasset as a legal means of payment and prepared rules for thesupervision of the cryptoasset handling business through the revision of the Payment ServiceAct. In 2019, the Payment Service Act and the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act wereamended to provide an institutional basis for issuing cryptoassets and trading of derivativesbased on cryptoassets. The legislation of cryptoasset in Korea, however, has not made muchprogress except in accordance with international requests for AML/CFT. In this study, weprovide the implications of domestic cryptoasset legislation based on the analysis of therevision bills on cryptoassets in Japan, which was carried out twice in 2016 and 2019, andreviewed the reasonable regulation method of cryptoasset as a legal means of payment basedon the domestic lawmakers’ legislative proposals.

독일어 등위 접속사의 한국어 번역양상 -말뭉치(Korpus)에 나타난 출현 유형과 빈도수를 중심으로-

임병화 한국독일어교육학회 2013 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.32 No.-

In dieser Untersuchung handelt es sich um die Übersetzungsaspekte der deutschen koordinierenden Konjunktionen ins Koreanische. Dafür wurden sie aus zwei Korpora ausgesucht, die an der Konjunktionsstelle im deutschen Satz stehen. Weiter wurden sie sowohl semantisch im Deutschen als auch nach den Erscheinungsformen in den koreanisch übersetzten Sätzen sortiert. Die deutschen Konjunktionen, die in den 103 Sätzen aus KD und in den 177 Sätzen aus SD erscheinen, wurden in die vier Arten wie Adversativ, Kausal, Alternativ und Additiv nach den semantischen Funktionen klassifiziert. Sie können wörtlich ins Koreanische übersetzt werden oder nicht. Dies wurde tabellarisch und grafisch gezeigt. Die typischen Untersuchungsergebnisse sind folgendermaßen zusammenfassbar. 1. Adversativ: kulena(그러나), nichts(X), kulehciman(그렇지만),haciman(하지만)2. Kausal: waynyahamyen – ttaymunita(왜냐하면 - 때문이다),ttaymunita(때문이다), nichts(X)3. Alternativ: nichts(X), tto(또), ttonun(또는)4. Additiv: nichts(X), kuliko(그리고), kulenka hamyen(그런가 하면)Wie oben gezeigt, werden die deutschen alternativen und die additiven Konjunktionen in den koreanisch übersetzten Sätzen sehr häufig ausgelassen. Der Grund kann daran stehen, dass die Konjunktionen im koreanischen Satz weniger als im deutschen benutzt werden. Oder die Topikpartikel ´–un/–nun' enthält teilweise die Funktion der Konjunktion. Hingegen werden die adversativen und die kausalen Konjunktionen vielmehr wörtlich übersetzt. Der Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die deutschen koordinierenden Konjunktionen. Obwohl der jede Korpus aus den über 3000 Sätzen bestehen, sind die Sätze jeder unter 200, die durch die Konjuktionen eingeleitet sind. Sie wurden wiederum semantisch klassifiziert. Dies führt zur wenigen Erscheinungshäufigkeit weiter. Aus diesem Grund ist es fragwürdig, ob diese Untersuchungsergebnisse das Übersetzungsphänomen der Konjunktionen allgemein vertreten. Um ihre Verlässlichkeit zu erhöhen, ist es benötigt, einen umfangreichen deutsch - koreanischen Parallelkorpus zu bauen.

Consumption and Investment Strategies with Hyperbolic Discounting and Labor Income

임병화 충청수학회 2019 충청수학회지 Vol.32 No.2

We investigate the optimal consumption and investment decision problem of an agent whose time preference is time-inconsistent. Specifically, for a time-separable utility function, the agent's subjective discount factor is supposed to be changed randomly in the future. We provide closed-form solutions in the presence of income process. The method can be extended into the case with a stochastic income process.

금산분리 법안의 주요 쟁점에 대한 비판적 검토

임병화,이선화 한국경제연구원 2012 KERI Brief Vol.12 No.12

경제민주화 법안을 통해 정치권이 추진 중인 금산분리의 강화의 주요 규제는 1)금융계열사가 소유한 동일계열 비금융사 주식에 대한 의결권 제한, 2) 금융회사 대주주에 대한 적격성 심사강화, 3) 일반지주회사의 금융계열사 소유시 중간금융지주회사 설립 의무화 등을 들 수 있다. 금산분리 강화규제는 금융의 사금고화, 재벌에 의한 시장지배력 확대와 남용, 금융시스템 리스크의 발생과 전이 등의 문제점을 방지하자는 것이 그 취지이지만 이러한 문제점은 대주주의 지배력 남용 차단을 위한 개별 금융업 차원에서의 제도 정비와 자본시장 발전에 따른 감시·감독 기능이 강화되면서 상당부분 해결되고 있다. 경제민주화 법안의 금산분리 규제방안은 입법 취지에 맞지 않을 뿐 아니라 과잉금지 및 평등원칙 위배, 재산권 침해 등과 같은 법리적, 경제적 문제를 안고 있다. 특히 의결권 제한조치나 대주주적격성 심사 강화는 해외에서도 유사사례를 발견하기 어려울 정도의 과도한 규제 조치로서 금융산업의 건전성과 발전을 저해하는 요인으로 작용할 것이다. 산업자본이 금융산업에 진출하여 대형 금융기관이 출현하고 높은 시장 지배력을 갖게되는 것에 대한 우려는 오히려 금산분리 완화를 통한 경쟁의 촉진으로 해결해야할 문제이다. 금산분리와 관련한 공정거래법 등의 개정 역시 대기업에 대한 규제강화가 아닌 지배구조와 금융산업의 육성이라는 관점에서 추진되어야 할 것이다.

최소 자산제약 및 인플레이션을 고려한 자산 할당에 관한 연구

임병화(Byung Hwa Lim) 한국경영과학회 2013 經營 科學 Vol.30 No.1

We investigate the dynamic asset allocation problem under inflation risk when the wealth of an investor is constrained with minimum requirements. To capture the investor’s risk preference, the CRRA utility function is considered and he maximizes his expected utility at predetermined date of the refund by participation in the financial market. The financial market is supposed to consist of three kinds of financial instruments which are a risk free asset, a risky asset, and an index bond. The role of an index bond is managing inflation risk represented by price process. The optimal wealth and the optimal asset allocation are derived explicitly by using the method to get the European call option pricing formula. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that the investments on index bond is high when the investor’s wealth level is low. However, as his wealth increases, the investments on index bond decreases and he invests on risky asset more. Furthermore, the minimum wealth constraint induces lower investment on risky asset but the effect of the constraints is reduced as the wealth level increases.

청담선사의 戒律觀에 나타난 마음사상

임병화 동방문화대학원대학교 불교문화예술연구소 2013 불교문예연구 Vol.1 No.-

청담선사의 발자취는 한국 근·현대 불교의 역사이다. 청담선사의 삶은 修行의 연속이었고, 行은 계율의 실천이었다. 願力은 한국불교 의 청정성의 회복이었으며, 가르침은‘마음’을 찾는 길을 제시하였 다. 청담선사의 행적, 업적, 영향은 다양하고 모든 분야에 걸쳐 지대 하다. 본 연구는 그중에서 청담선사의 계율관을 요약 정리하여 어떻 게 마음사상으로 나타나고 있는가를 살펴보고 한국불교도가 이를 어 떻게 인식하고 계승하여야 하는가를 제시하고자 한다. 청담선사는 戒律이 교단의 토대이자 본질적인 요소의 핵심임을 밝 히고 있다. 또한 청정한 戒律을 바탕으로‘마음자리’찾는 修行을 하 여야 한다고 설한다. 청담선사의 戒律觀은 한국불교의 전통성을 확 립하고 불조의 정법을 수호하기 위한 방법으로 마음사상을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 이러한 계율관은 당시 한국불교가 처한 어려움을 극복할 수 있는 출발점이 되었고 그 근저에는 철저한 수행을 통해 얻어진 청 담스님의 마음사상이 바탕하고 있다. 청담선사가 주창했던 불교정화운동은 비록 완성을 하지는 못하였 지만 한국불교의 청정성회복과 수행종단으로서의 면모, 看話禪을 중 심으로 하는 禪사상과 마음사상은 철저한 청담선사의 持戒사상에 그 근원을 두고 있다.‘마음’은 청담선사에게 있어서 출가의 동기이자 깨침의 원천이며 교화와 자비행의 원동력이었다. 마음을 찾고 정화 하기 위해서는 持戒를 통한 參禪으로 무명을 타파하고 반야를 실현 하는 見性이 최종목표였다. It is not to much to say that the course Master Cheongdam has followed through his lifetime is the history of Korean modern and contemporary times. Actually, his life was the continuity of self-cultivation and his self-discipline was the practice of the precepts as well. His power of vow was recovering the identity and purity of Korean Buddhism, and his teaching seems to present a way to find the 'Mind'. His lifetime doings, achievements and influences are great in every field. Hence, in this paper I try to look into Cheongdam's view of precepts, how it is manifested as an aspect of mindthought, and to indicate how Korean Buddhists should realize his view of precepts and succeed it in depth. Master Cheongdam clarified that the precepts are the basis and core of the Buddhist Order. He also stresses the selfcultivation to see the original face of the mind based on pure precepts. His view of precepts is based on the mind-thought as the way to set up the tradition of Korean Buddhism and to keep the right Dharma. This viewpoint of the precepts became a starting point to overcome the difficulties of Korean Buddhism at that time, and Cheongdam's mind-thought through an intensive discipline was in the very bottom of it. Even though the Cleanup Movement of Korean Buddhism which Master Cheongdam advocated was not successful, the recovery of Korean Buddhism's purity, the face of the Order which stresses the discipline, Seon thought and mind -thought focusing on Ganwhaseon, which were the root of his upholding precepts. In fact, 'Mind' was the motivation of his renouncing the world, the source of enlightenment and the motive power of teaching the Buddha-Dharma and of compassionate practice. In order to find the mind and then to purify it, casting away the ignorance through meditation based on upholding precepts and attaining enlightenment, which was his ultimate goal. In this vein, today, Korean Buddhists need to make a living based on the precepts like Master Cheongdam and to follow his power of vow to recover the tradition and identity of Korean Buddhism. In addition, they should keep it in mind that the discipline and practicing Bodhisattva-practice is the right path of Buddhists.

휴대 가능한 셀-온-칩 플랫폼을 위한 자기영동 기술

임병화,강유민,김철기 한국자기학회 2024 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.34 No.1

디지털 자산 바로 알기

임병화 한국인터넷기업협회 디지털경제연구원 2023 D.E.View Vol.4 No.0