공업화학인의 변

이영무 한국화학공학회 1990 NICE Vol.8 No.1

기존 건물의 옥상조경 방안에 관한 연구

조혜림,이영무 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 1998 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

After industrialization the green tract of land in the city was decreased due to the concentration of population to the city and the massive construction of buildings, so -the environmental conditions of cities have been growing worse. Because it is very hard to ensure more of the green tract of land in the existing cities, the use of greenery on artificial ground, such as rooftop of existing buildings and top of the underground parking structures that we have thought as abandoned space, might be the one of the solutions of obtaining greenery. The greenery on rooftop space of existing building could not only provide efficient use of existing space and increase the greenery in the city, but also improve the beauty of cities and contribute to the economical aspect by giving insulation effect. These days, new buildings are designed and constructed considering the use of rooftop space, but the use of rooftops space of existing buildings has many problems to be solved, such as load limitation of plants, soil and facilities. The objective of this these is to propose the way of greening the abandoned rooftop space of the existing buildings was of analyzing the present condition and suggesting the improving schemes.

생태단지계획기법의 수립에 관한 기초연구

이영무,문형택 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2000 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this thesis is the establishment of basic guidelines to create an ecologically sound apartment complex. The case studies of foreign and korean eco-site planning lead to the extraction of basic principles that should be applied in realization of ecologically healthy apartments. The guidelines consist of six categories and these principles are desired to apply to the planning process of future apartment complex. The first is the application of environment friendly housing construction techniques. This includes solarium, indoor garden, balcony garden and greening of apartment outer walls. The second is the recycling of resources. It involves recycling of wastes, compost making, water retention and purification. The third is the creation of biotope. It means the designing of fish pond, stream and paving with permeable material. The insects such as butterflies and dragonflies are encouraged to settle in the biotope. The fourth involves the creation of green network within the complex. It consists of various gardens and eco-corridors which connect the greeneries. The system eventually leads to invitation of not only insects and birds but also small mammals like squirrels. The fifth is the harmonizing of the apartments with the existing topography. It means the preservation of the forst, minimizing the soil removal and positioning of buildings to fit the natural energy. The sixth includes active and passive harnessing of sun, wind and geo-thermal energy extraction. Above techniques are recommended to be utilized actively in the planning process of healthier apartment construction to achieve the goal of UN resolution of Rio de Janeiro in 1992 which states the 'Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development' in order to continue the symbiosis of human race and the nature.

元曉大師 著 「判比量論」에 對한 考察

李英茂 건국대학교 1973 學術誌 Vol.15 No.1

元曉의 淨土思想 : 遊心安樂道를 中心으로

李英茂 건국대학교 1980 學術誌 Vol.24 No.1

The doctrine of Mahayanist Buddhism (大乘佛敎) may be categorized into the following two concepts. One is the idea of individual salvation (成佛論), and the other is the idea of social salvation (淨土論) or of Paradise (極樂世界). This paper aims at revealing an aspect of the latter concept by examining a Great Buddhist Saint, Wonhyo (元曉, 617-686 A.D.) and his works. His idea of Paradise varied from that of his predecessors in some respects. Firstly, his Paradise existed in this temporal world (就地而安), not in heaven, while his predecessors' one lay in the other world far from the earthly kingdom. Secondly, his Paradise was open to all people, while his predecessors' one were closed to the common people such as the women, the disabled, and the man of Hinayana Buddhism (小乘佛敎). In other words, his Paradise existed for the common man, not fur the saints only. Thirdly, he Paradise was an ever-purifying, ever-infallible, and ever-sustaining one, that is, a world of equality, peace, liberty, and justice. Such an egalitarian idea had great influence on reforming the then established caste system in the times of Wonhyo, and subsequently contributed to the consolidation of national cohesion by placing emphasis on equal treatment and tolerance toward the conquered people of the ruined Kokuryo and Baikje kingdoms. On the orgins of his ideas, opinion diverges among the scholars. Some claim its origin in the thoughts of the Ancient India (生天思想). Others argue that they stem from the Orthodox Indian Thought, Amitaˇyus (無量壽), Amitaˇbha (無量光), and A-mrta (甘露). A few linguistic and ritual similarities can be indicated in the classical Indian thoughts and Wonhyo's ideas, and subsequently they be presented as a justification for their congeniality. In my opinion, however, it seems more reasonable to me to find its origin in the orthodox creeds of Mahayanist Buddhism than to do in the Orthodox Indian thoughts.

造景構造物 百種의 解設 및 用途別 分類

李永武 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.2

The present situation of the landscape architectural practice in Korea is heavily biassed in favor of the planting material and its design. This thesis is an effort to show the students ad professional designers in this field a new horizon where the landseape design is enriched by the introduction of various structural elements. One hundred landscape architectural structures are introduced with the description of their shape, their functions, uses; construction material, aesthetic values and the existing examples of each. They are grouped into the five categories, namely the garden group, the park group, the street group, the special group and the folklore group. Some of the structures are impossible to be classified into one group because they are used in more than one group of areas. To supplement and clarify the confusing situation a table of their uses is constructed according to the specific landseape architectural areas. The detailed areas where the structures can be employed count thirty items but they generally fall into the above five categories and are named specifically. If a designer is involved in a certain project and wants to know what kind of structures can be used he can find the quick references through this table. The landscape architectural practice in Korea can be enriched by adding the hard landscape(structures) to the soft landseape(plants), resulting in the harmony and opulence.

고층건물의 벽면조경기법에 관한 연구

李英武,李松宜 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2001 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider the importance as well as the various techniques of landscaping the wall of architecture, and to examine the characteristics of the plants used on landscaping the wall of high rise buildings and present appropriate applicable techniques. Modern urban development was considered as a monument of mankind's volition and technology although it brought destruction of the natural environment. However the adverse reactions have gradually been perceived and now the importance of nature has been acknowledged. These days, for the expansion of urban green space, the restoration of the urban ecosystem and the normalization of abnormal climates in the city (the heat-island phenomenon, urban floods, exhaustion of underground water etc.) new attempts such as indoor gardens or rooftop gardens, wall surface landscapes etc. have come up rapidly. Many papers and studies related to this have been published. Especially due to the high-rise and highly dense structure of today's cities the effectiveness of wall surface landscaping has become increasingly highlighted. The techniques of landscaping the wall of high rise buildings improve the urban ecosystem and scenery while also creating amenity in urban spaces by providing habitats for insects and birds by screening the exterior of the desolate modern city with natural green life. Also by reducing radiation from the surface of buildings it helps control abnormal city climates such as the heat island phenomenon etc. and by reducing the change of surface temperature it cuts down on the energy of the whole city. Beside this it also protects the surface of the architecture and strengthens the structure as well as reducing air pollutions by expanding green space. Landscaping wall techniques ultimately provide citizens with a sense of security both mentally and emotionally, bringing vigor into the city. Although, as seen above, landscaping wall techniques can bring life into urban space in many ways, these have not been progressively inducted into present domestic landscape architecture. It is still being empirically applied, therefore presenting many limits to the expansion of new urban forest. This paper tries to cast a light to a new horizon.

아파트단지의 규모에 따른 적정 내부도로 패턴설정에 관한 연구

권오상,이영무 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 1997 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this is to establish inner road pattern according to the size of a residential complex, namely 250m×250m as small complex 500m×500m medium complex and 1km×1km large one. The criteria of establishing road pattern NO.1, efficient access to each apartment buildings from such outside roads as the artery roads or the collector-distributer roads. NO.2, guaranteeing the safety of occupants by way of eliminating the through traffic which poses not only traffic congestion but also safety hazards. NO.3, further enhancing the living condition of occupants by separating the pedestrians from vehicle movements. Inner pattern of road system of any apartment complex greatly depends on the configuration of the site, exterior road and adjacent land use. In this study, the exterior condition is ignored in order to create prototype models. Accordingly the sites are shown as squares in three different sizes, small, medium and large, in order to establish the conceptual guidelines. The results are ; small complex is best suited with the single through road which comes in from one end of the site and goes out through the other end. The medium and large sites are best served with a ring road at the center and branching access roads towards the perimeter, the former with four and the latter with eight.

옥상정원의 식재디자인 기법

李英武,金秀炫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2003 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

There are significant difference in planting design between the ground planting and roof planting because of the foundation of planting. The major difference is the depth of the planting medium. The natural ground has the bottomless depth of soil where the capillary pores can ample spacs for the root growth. But on the roof the depth of soil has to be limited due to the stress to the building structure. Consequently the plants are chosen among the species which have shallow root system and ability to resist draught. The next problem is presence of strong wind. It provokes the forced evaporation is the from the leaves. So draught resistant plants are again recommended. The suitable species come from the coastal area where wind is strong and soil is sandy. The sandy soil drains fast and shallow roots are developed to catch the water fast. Another problem is the growing weight of the plants themselves. If the condition is favorable the plants grow and their weight pores stress to the building structure. It is wise to choose the shrubs whose mature weight is less than the full size trees. Also it is recommended to plant the heavy trees above the columns underneath to withstand the weight. If there is a seasonal prevailing wind the species like Pinus thunbergii should be planted towards the wind to form a barrier which in turn would protect the less handy species behind. In general low lying shrubs and ground covers are recommended unless the roof garden is planned forehand. It means the planting design is oriented towards more graphic patterns such as the parterre, knot garden or free flowing abstract design. This design approach is even more effective if the roof garden can be viewed from higher structures.

普照國師 知訥의 人物과 思想 : 韓國佛敎宗祖設을 中心으로

李英茂 建國大學校 人文科學 硏究所 1976 인문과학논총 Vol.9 No.-

From the point of view of its orders and doctrines, Korean Buddhism has developed with dinersity for about 1,600 years. The Kyo Buddhism(敎宗) developed from the middle age of three Kingdoms of the middle Silla, and the Seon Buddhism(禪宗) organized its sects from the late Silla to the early Koryo. All the sects of the Kyo and the Seon Buddhism, however, fell into conflicts from the early to the late Koryo. Facted with these circumstances, such forerunners of Buddhism as Buddhist Master Dae gag, Eui Cheon(大覺國師 義天) Buddhist Master Po Zo, Ji nut(普照國師知訥) and Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu(太吉國師普愚) tried to males harmony between the Kyo and the Seon Buddhism. In the end of the early Koryo Buddhist Master Dae gag, Eui Cheon established Cheon Tae Jong(天台宗), but his effort failed because of his early death. In the middle Koryo Buddhist Master Po zo, Ji nul opened Jeong Hye Sa(定慧社), but failed too. Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu, however, succeeded in making harmony between two sects by establishing Won Yoeng Boo(圓融府). As the result of his work by the early choseon dynasty Korean Buddhism appeared, for the first time, in its unity. Who is, then, the Father(宗祖) of Korean Buddhism? According to the traditional view, the Father was, of course, Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu. However, it has recently argued by some scholars that Buddhist Master Po Zo, Ji nut should be the Father of Korean Buddhism. This problem is highly important not only in the Buddhist orders, but also in the history of Korean thought. The conclusions reached in this paper can be summarized as follows: (a) It is recognized that Buddhist Master Po Zo exercised an important effect upon the thought of Korean Buddhism. But in the light of historical background Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu must be the Father of Korean Buddhism. (b) There has been a tendency among some scholars to regard Buddhist Master Tae go as the Father of Korean Buddhism in counection with Im Je Jong(臨濟宗), the Seon Buddhism of China. But this is incompatible with historical truth.