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완전 무인 매장의 AI 보안 취약점: 객체 검출 모델에 대한 Adversarial Patch 공격 및 Data Augmentation의 방어 효과성 분석
이원호,나현식,박소희,최대선 한국정보보호학회 2024 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.34 No.2
코로나19 팬데믹으로 인해 비대면 거래가 보편화되면서, 완전 무인 매장의 증가 추세가 두드러지고 있다. 이러한 매장에서는 모든 운영 과정이 자동화되어 있으며, 주로 인공지능 기술이 적용된다. 그러나 이러한 인공지능 기술에는 여러 보안 취약점이 존재하고, 이러한 취약점들은 완전 무인 매장 환경에서 치명적으로 작용할 수 있다. 본 논문은 인공지능 기반의 완전 무인 매장이 직면할 수 있는 보안 취약점을 분석하고, 특히 객체 검출 모델인 YOLO에 초점을 맞추어, 적대적 패치를 활용한 Hiding Attack과 Altering Attack이 가능함을 보인다. 이러한 공격으로 인해, 적대적 패치를 부착한 객체는 검출 모델에 의해 인식되지 않거나 다른 객체로 잘못 인식될 수 있다는 것을 확인한다. 또한, 보안 위협을 완화하기 위해 Data Augmentation 기법이 적대적 패치 공격에 어떠한 방어 효과를 주는지 분석한다. 우리는 이러한 결과를 토대로 완전 무인 매장에서 사용되는 인공지능 기술에 내재된 보안 위협에 대응하기 위한 적극적인 방어 연구의 필요성을 강조한다. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread adoption of contactless transactions, resulting in a noticeable increase in the trend towards fully unmanned stores. In such stores, all operational processes are automated, primarily using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, this AI technology has several security vulnerabilities, which can be critical in the environment of fully unmanned stores. This paper analyzes the security vulnerabilities that AI-based fully unmanned stores may face, focusing particularly on the object detection model YOLO, demonstrating that Hiding Attacks and Altering Attacks using adversarial patches are possible. It is confirmed that objects with adversarial patches attached may not be recognized by the detection model or may be incorrectly recognized as other objects. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how Data Augmentation techniques can mitigate security threats by providing a defensive effect against adversarial patch attacks. Based on these results, we emphasize the need for proactive research into defensive measures to address the inherent security threats in AI technology used in fully unmanned stores.
李順英,劉美愛,李元鎬 부산대학교 환경문제 연구소 1986 環境硏究報 Vol.4 No.-
The genetic variabilities in an experimental population of D. melanogaster were undertaken. The experimental population was composed of D. melanogaster which had the lethal-free and sterile-free second chromosome collected from Sasang natural population. The results were as follows: 1) The frequency of lethal chromosome was 7.53%, 9.56%, and 15.00% at the 171 days, 379 days, and 756 days respectively, and its allelic rate was 9.76% at the 756 days. 2) The variabilities such as semi-lethal, subvital, and normal chromosome were distributed to quasinormal type. 3) The frequency of second chromosome which carried female sterility was estimated to be 3.59%, 7.56% at the 171 days and 756 days, respectively. The frequency of male sterility was analyzed 1.19% at the 171 days and 4.20% at 756 days. 4) The elimination rate caused by deleterious genes in homozygotes was 0.0033, and the effective population size was about 600 flies at the 756 days population. 5) The actual population number was ranging from 1571 to 3229 flies in female and from 1988 to 3608 flies in male.
목질진흙버섯(Phellinus linteus) 액체배양에 의한 현미와 원목에서 자실체 형성
이원호,박영진,김수영,김호경,성재모 한국버섯학회 2004 한국버섯학회지 Vol.2 No.2
The main objectives of this study were to fruit body of Phellinus linteus using liquid spawn. Highest mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting was observed when 180㎖ of water was added to 200g of brown rice in 1000㎖ PP bottle. Optimum inoculum amount was 100ml per bottle. Better mycelial growth and fruiting were observed when the amount of brown rice was lowered. For timber log culture of P. linteus, low contamination was observed when logs were sterilized for as low as 60 mins. But, best mycelial growth was observed when the logs were sterilized for 120mins. Among different log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting were observed in oak and mulberry. Only few fruiting could be observed in birch, chestnut, alder, while no fruiting was produced in Aspen. Best fruiting was produced from isolate PH- 211, although other isolates also produced few fruiting.
Deck Plate 를 사용한 合成보에서 쉬어 코넥터의 强度에 관한 硏究
이원호 光云大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.23 No.-
The strength of stud shear conncetors in steel and concrete composite beams have been derived through the push-out test or beam test. Of the two, push-out test method is generally used because of simplicity and convenience of experiment. But, in push-out test, stud shear connectors have stress distribution different from beam test. Therefore, it is necessary that applicability of a stud strength formula derived from push-out test in this study, to design of composite beam, is investigated.
申桂鍾,李元鎬 忠州大學校 1996 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.31 No.2
Simulation model used in this research was developed from IAWPRC model. In this research, effect of SRT, feeding pattern and reactor configuration on intermittently aerated activated sludge system was evaluated by using computer simulation model. T-N removal was affected the SRT for the effeative T-N removal was 15day or longer. Feeding pattern in intermittently aerated activated sludge system was affect to the T-N removal. Feeding pattern which 100% loading to the first reactor was most effective for T-N removal. When multi-stage of two-stage or more was operated, COD and T-N in effluent removal was nearly the same.
人工湖에 의한 氣候要素 變化에 관한 硏究 : (忠州湖를 中心으로)
趙容璡,李元鎬 충주대학교 1993 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.27 No.-
This Paper is a study on the distribution of the climatic elements, characteristics of change in the Chunhbuk. For this study the MONTHLY WEATHER REPORTS over the last sixteen year's(1975~1991) were utilized.(Chungju, Jaecheon, Boeun) The meteorological variable include relative humidity, evaporation, precipitation, air temperature and fog days, etc.. As the result of this study, each climatic element showed the same aspects of change. During the summer, relative humidity, evaporation, precipitation and air temperature reached their highest points. The duration of sunshine in the selected sites was longest in May and shortest in December. After the Chungju dam has been constructed, Chungju area has been remarkably influenced by the reservior. The annual number of fog, days has been increase about 44.3 days from about 36.3 days before the construction of the reservoir.