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현대중국의 자유주의 이해 : 비판적 지식인의 관점을 중심으로
황희경 한국철학사상연구회 2001 시대와 철학 Vol.12 No.1
이 논문은 비판적 지식인(소위 '신좌파')의 관점에서 현대 중국의 신계몽운동과 신자유주의를 비판한 글이다. 문화대혁명에 대한 반성과 비판이 지배한 80년대는 신계몽운동의 시기로 대부분의 지식인들이 동일성을 유지하면서 서 양적이고 현대적인 것을 무차별적으로 수입하는 시기였다. 그런데 이 운동의 사상적 기반은 자유주의였다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 천안문 사태를 계기로 사상계의 동일성은 깨지기 시작했는데 몇 번의 분화과정을 거쳐 결국 신좌파와 자유주의로 대별되었다. 자유주의자들은 중국의 특수성을 강조하면서 자유주의를 정당화하는데 반해 비판적 지식인들은 세계화와 시장화가 가속화된 시점에서 자유주의적 관점에서 중국 사회를 비판하는 것은 이미 그 적실성을 잃었음을 강조하고 있다. 신 계몽운동에 대한 서로 다른 이해 속에 양자의 입장의 차이가 선명하게 드러나고 있다. This paper is a study of which criticize new the campaign of enlightenment and neo-liberalism from the viewpoint of critical intellectuals(so-called new left). The period of eighties influenced on the reflection and the criticism toward the great cultural revolution was the period of introducing the westernization and modernization without distinction keeping up identity by the most intellectuals. Yet, the ideological foundation can he said to liberalism. However, an equality of the realms of thought began breaking off through several differentiated process on the occasion of the Tiananmen Square incident And it was divided eventually into the new left and liberalism The criticize intellectuals emphasized that there is no longer actual exactness to criticize the Chinese society with liberalism contrary to liberalist to justify the liberalism, emphasizing a peculiarity of the Chinese society. The difference of the standpoint of both parties is clearly shown to the new enlightenment.
황희경,정미경 한국실과교육학회 2003 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.16 No.3
The present research studies the effect of handwork in the elementary practical arts subject from the viewpoint of the development of hand functions, and reestablishes the value of practical arts education. To achieve the purpose of this research, related literatures, such as anthropology, anatomy and cognitive science are examined. Also examined are materials related to handwork to figure out the concept, changes and characteristics of handwork and the products of handwork. Based on this research, conclusion can be drawn out as follows. First, handwork of elementary practical arts can develop the functions of hands by providing opportunity for elaborate and delicate hand operations. Second, the handwork develops the handling ability and coordinations as well as hand functions.Third, the use of hands in handwork stimulates the cerebral cortex of a student and develops the functions of brain and creativeness. Fourth, the handwork of elementary practical work helps students understand their aptitude, interest and physical characteristics objectively by making them experience diverse works, and examine the world of works. In this sense, it can show than what they want to be when they grow up and expand their range of job selection in future. Finally, materials for experiments and exercises should be ensured in order to perform handwork activity without problems and studies have to be conducted to use the materials effectively.