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Immunomodulating Activities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Panax ginseng
황재관,Keun Na,Eun-Mi Choi,Jae-Youn Chung,Tae-Soo Lim 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.1
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases and infections. Ginseng marc is a fibrous and insoluble by-products remaining after the extraction process of ginseng. In this research an extrusion process was employed to disintegrate the insoluble ginseng marc structure, and water soluble ginseng marc polysaccharide (GMP) was isolated. GMP was examined for immunomodulatory effects in murine peritoneal macrophages. GMP significantly increased the lysosomal phosphatase activity and the phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages (P<.05). The peritoneal macrophages treated with GMP also produced significantly more H2O2 and nitrite than the control without GMP treatment (P<.05). In addition, GMP (100 g/mL) significantly increased the cell viability of peritoneal macrophages (P<.05). These results suggest that GMP is an effective non-specific immunomodulatory agent, and its immunostimulating effects may be due to its ability to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen intermediates.
Streptococcus mutans 에 대한 키토산의 항균효과
황재관,김현진,심재석,변유량,Hwang, Jae-Kwan,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Shim, Jae-Seok,Pyun, Yu-Ryang 한국식품과학회 1999 한국식품과학회지 Vol.31 No.2
S. mutans에 대한 키토산의 항균효과는 그 분자량에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 약 30,000의 분자량을 갖는 키토산이 가장 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 키토산 처리에 의해 세포로부터 단백질, 핵산, 2가 양이온 등이 상당량 유출되는 것이 관찰되었으며, 세포내 물질의 유출정도는 키토산의 항균효과와 밀접한 상관성을 보였다. 이러한 세포내 물질의 유출은 양이온성을 띠는 키토산의 아민기와 세포벽내의 음이온 성분과의 강한 결합에 의해 세포벽의 결합력이 약화되면서 생기는 결과로서 추측되었다. 키토산처리에 의해 S. mutans의 세포벽이 원형질로부터 분리되고 세포내 물질이 세포벽 내에서 밖으로 유출되는 현상은 투과전자현미경(TEM)에 의해 확인되었다. Bactericidal effects of chitosans with varying molecular weight $(10,000{\sim}170,000)$ were investigated for Streptococcus mutans, a primary causative bacterium of dental caries. The molecular weight of chitosan was a significant contributor to the bactericidal effect, and a chitosan having approximately 30,000 of molecular weight exhibited the highest bactericidal effects on S. mutans. Treatment of chitosan resulted in leaking intracellular protein and nucleic acid out of S. mutans cells. In addition, the divalent cations such as $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ were also significantly released out of the cell. Visible damage of chitosan treated cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in which the cell wall was notably distorted and cytoplasmic membrane was separated from the cell wall. The results suggested that the bactericidal effect of chitosan on S. mutans was attributable to both leakage of intracellular materials and structural disintegration of cell wall.