몬테소리교육에서 아동의 정당화과정에 관한 고찰

황옥자(Ok Ja Hwang) 한국아동학회 1984 兒童學會誌 Vol.5 No.-

In this article we reviewed the phenomena and processes of normalizing children through documentary records with interest in the aim of Montessori`s education methods. The Montessori education method is based on the theory that all children should be respected and their works prized. The normalization of children does not mean only to turn abnormal children into normal ones, but to make normal characteristics - calmness, self-confidence, happiness or patience, etc.- which are latent in themselves, appear on the surface and remold them as new children. To achieve normalization some prerequisites are necessary. They are as follows: 1) The principle of freedom. The freedom in Montessori`s education has some limits in prepared environments suitable for developing children as whole persons through their spontaneous activities. 2) Development of the phenomenon of children`s attention. Arousal of their attention in the children`s primitive inner impulse and sense of spiritual hunger. To satisfy their hunger children divert their interest to certain objects and come to repeated exercise of intelligence. 3) Concentration and repetitive phenomena. Repetition through children`s concentration phenomenon is a natural and important fundamental behavior which controls their mental power. Repetitive behavior will form serious discipline and promote development of their intelligence.

윤회ㆍ업사상에 근거한 태아발달 및 교육에 관한 고찰

황옥자(Hwang ok ja) 한국열린유아교육학회 2003 열린유아교육연구 Vol.7 No.4

본 연구는 불교의 업ㆍ윤회 사상에 근거한 태아발달과 태교에 관한 문헌 중심의 탐구다. 업은 인간에 의한 행위로서 윤회를 만드는 힘이며, 업력에 의해 생과 사를 되풀이하는 윤회는 인간의 과거, 현재, 미래를 말해준다. 태아는 자신이 지은 업력에 의해 윤회하는 생명체로서 동종업인 부모를 인연으로 맺어진다. 따라서 어머니는 태아를 가지는 현상의 업에 최초의 환경을 제공하는 협력자가 된다. 태아에게 바람직한 환경이란 임부가 행하는 올바름이요. 바른 삶의 자세다. 불교는 인간이 삶을 살아가는 가장 바람직한 실천덕목을 8가지를 들어 제시하였는데 이를 팔정도라 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 이들 불교 사상을 태아기의 발달과 교육에 접목하여 현대적 안목으로 조명함으로써, 21세기가 요구하는 학문연구의 다양성 차원에서 태아의 바른 발달에 관련한 지식과 지혜를 제공한다는데 그 의의와 목적을 두었다. Sams?ra means recurrence like a turning wagon wheel, and it is determined by Karma. Karma is the total effect of actions and conducts of human beings and the source of sams?ra. Karma becomes accumulated during the successive phases of a person's existence and determines the person's destiny. Karma binds a fetus and its parents together. Hence, parents should begin purifying their mind through prenatal education in order to continue accumulating good karma. Bodhisattva thought is based on the belief that mothers' sincere prenatal education would have an influence on the fetus, and even remove past bad karma. In this study, prenatal education was discussed based upon the Buddhist teaching "The Eighthold Path", eight kinds of right paths. As right life is the key to prenatal education, mothers prenatal care follows the logic of the Eighthold Path. In sum, the objective of prenatal education is to create healthy ties between mother and fetus.

프로젝트 접근법 활용이 유아의 창의적 사고력에 미치는 영향

황옥자(Hwang ok ja),강혜경(Kang Hye Kyoung) 한국열린유아교육학회 1999 열린유아교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

‘5·18공동체’ 와 감정: 절대공동체에서 ‘합리적 감정 공동체’로

황옥자(OK JA HWANG) 사회와철학연구회 2021 사회와 철학 Vol.- No.41

『 에밀 』 에 나타난 Rousseau 의 자연주의 사상의 유아기 교육에 관한 관찰

황옥자(Ok Ja Hwang) 한국교육철학회 1993 교육철학 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this research is to understand Naturalistic Ideas and Early Childhood Education which were initiated by Rousseau in Emile. The naturalistic ideas mean to incline the two views as; human-in-nature and nature-in-human. Human-in-nature means that a human adopts surrounding natural and physical environments. Nature-in-human means to develop a life style that harmonises with Inner Nature and a physical development of a human. Rousseau explains the meanings of Natural Education through introducing three nature laws as following. Firstly, a baby should be fed and grown up with the breast milk. Furthermore, he recommends mothers to live in a country with vegetables rather than being in a city with meat. Secondly, young children should learn and gain knowledge through experiencing of a sense, which are their first materials for gaining knowledge, rather than educating them through letters or a language. Finally, children should be educated the language through suitable games, as Rousseau assisted nativistic theory for language development. The above ideas of Rousseau have influenced many education philosophers such as Pestalozzi, Frobel, Key, Dewey, Montessori. As a result, they have developed an education theory that emphasizes on learning through children`s experience, freedom, and auto-education.

A Reconsideration of the Three Arguments in Plato`s Political Theory

Hwang, Ok-Ja(황옥자) 전남대학교 5.18연구소 2018 민주주의와 인권 Vol.18 No.3

어머니의 태교의식 및 태도와 유아건강과의 관련성 연구

황옥자(Ok Ja Hwang) 한국아동가족복지학회 1996 한국가족복지학 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand the relation between a woman's attitude toward her pregnancy and the result it has on her child health. The research was carried out by having 5 kindergarten teachers interview 202 mothers of the children from 5 different kindergartens based in Seoul and Kyongsangbukdo Province. The questionaire for the interview was written by the researcher. The data collected figured frequency and percentage and the difference was analized by X_2 test. The major findings are as follows: 1. Pregnant mothers felt very happy for having a baby and their husbands and other family members also showed lots of interest in the pregnancy. Their in-laws, however, showed negative reaction toward over mid-thirties the pregnancy. 2. Mothers' health during pregnancy was significantly affected by their age. Mothers ages 21-25 seemed to be most healthy. Most mothers were very cautious of taking drugs during pregnancy. 3. While housewives felt comfortable with their housework during pregnancy, mothers doing agricultural or physical work had hard time and were often inclined to be nervous. 4. Quite a few mothers were found to be sensitive and feel unstable. In particular, mothers over 36 years old felt more unstable in their early stage of pregnancy. 5. Husbands, in general, took a good care of their pregnant wives and showed a high amounts of interest. When mothers do business, fathers looked after their spouses the most. 6. Most mothers gave birth by natural delivery. More mothers ages 36 years old failed to give birth on expected date than under 20 years old. 7. Most mothers fed their babies breast milk. However, many mothers over 36 years old and having professional jobs were found to bottle-feed their babies. 8. A Mother's experience during her pregnancy was a significant influence on child health. The babies born by mothers with serious morning sickness during most of their pregnancy and some kinds of diseases were found to be physically very weak.

부모의 이혼이 자녀생활에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

황옥자(Ok Ja Hwang) 한국아동학회 1980 아동학회지 Vol.1 No.-

This study aims to find out and analyze the Various Problems of children of divorcee`s and Compare them with that of the children of married parents. The subjects used for this study were 3,975 4∼6 graders aged 9∼13 enrolled in seven different Primary Schools located in seoul and Jeonju. To begin with, everybody in seven Classed were requested to respond to a questionnaire in order to Select the Children of divorcee`s. When 60 children were selected, each Child was interviewed as well as asked to check questionnaire Concerning their daily life problems and feelings about them. When the data were analyzed, the following results were Obtained. 1) Children lives were affected by their parental divorce in various ways, but particularly so in their school lives. However, boys seemed to be affected less than the girls. 2) Either Separated from father or mother, generally the girls seemed to suffer more than the boys. Especially the girls separated from fathers were affected in school life and peer-relationships and the girls Separated from mother were affected in emotional problems and peer-relationships 3) Children of single parents seemed to be affected more in school lives, whereas th, children of remarried Parents Seemed to be affected in peer-problems. Again, the girls were more affected than boys. 4) Children whose parents were divorced when they were still in pre-school age seemed to suffer more than than those in the school age.

태중 환경과 출생후 영ㆍ유아 우정성과의 관련성 연구

황옥자(Hwang Ok Ja) 한국열린유아교육학회 1997 열린유아교육연구 Vol.2 No.1

마키아벨리와 정치적 주체로서 "인민"의 발견

황옥자 ( Ok Ja Hwang ) 전남대학교 사회과학연구소 2013 현대사회과학연구 Vol.17 No.-

이 논문은 마키아벨리의『군주』와『논고』에 나타난 "지배를 받는 자"의 정치적 주체성에 주목한다.그가 공화정을 지지했다는 대체적 합의 안에서 사회를 구성하는 지배를 받는 자로서 "인민"은 누구이며, 이들의 정치적 위상은 어느 정도인가? 궁극적으로 그들은 정치적 주체였는가를 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다.본 논문에서는 인민의 주체성을 제도적인 측면과 비제도적인 측면에서 살펴보았는데, 첫째, 마키아벨리는 제도적인 측면에서 제3의 중립기관으로서 파리고등법원, 탄핵제도, 임시독재집정관제도를 마련하여, 공적인 장을 통해 인민들이 정치적 의사를 적극적으로 표출할 수 있는 장치를 마련해야 한다고 주장했다.둘째, 비제도적인 측면에서 소극적으로는 인민의 동의를 적극적인 측면에서는 인민의 비르투(Virtu)를 강조했다.이것은 인민의 동의를 통해 통치의 정치적 권위 확보를 가능하게 했고, 좀 더 적극적인 의미에서 그들의 비르투를 정치의 무대에 올려놓음으로써 "무장한" 인민의 역량을 마음껏 발현하게 만들었다.결과적으로 마키아벨리의『군주』와『논고』에서의 인민은, 제도적이고 비제도적인 측면에서 "행위(행동)를 통해 정치적인 영역에서 행동의 주인"이 되고 지배자, 혹은 공동체에 "영향을 줄 수 있는" 정치적 주체로 자리매김할 수 있게 된다. The study takes note political subjecthood of "the Ruled" shown in 『The Prince』and 『Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius』.By general consent that he uphold the banner of the Republic, who are the people as the ruled who form society and how much political status do they have? Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to clarify whether they were political subject or not.This study examined the people`s political subjecthood from institutional and noninstitutional aspects.First, Machiavelli established "Paris High Court" as the third neutral institution, "The Complaint System", "Dictator System" from the institutional aspect and insisted that we have to prepare the system that makes people possible to express their political opinion actively through the public section.Second, he emphasized "agreement of the people" in passive terms and "virtue" of the public in active from the noninstitutional aspect.It enabled rule to secure political authority through their agreement and in more active sense, it made "the armed" people`s ability to be fully expressed by putting their virtue on the political stage.As a result, the people, in Machiavelli`s 『The Prince』and 『Discourses』, have "become master of behavior by their own behavior in political field from the two aspects and established themselves as political subjects who might affect ruler or community".