SAW Self-Aligned Selectively Grown W-GAte) MOSFETs (SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFETs의 제작 및 특성 분석

황성민,노광명,정명준,허민,정하풍,서정원,박찬광,고요환,이대훈,Hwang, Seong-Min,Rho, Kwang-Myoung,Chung, Myung-Jun,Huh, Min,Jeong, Ha-Poong,Suh, Jeong-Won,Park, Chan-Kwang,Koh, Yo-Hwan,Lee, Dai-Hoon 대한전자공학회 1995 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.32 No.6

We proposed SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFET structure, and strudied electrical characteristics of the fabricated SAW MOSFETs. The threshold volgate of 0.21${\mu}$m SAW NMOSFET was 0.18 V and that of 0.24 ${\mu}$m SAW PMOSFET was -0.16 V. The subthreshold slope was 74 mV/decade for NMOSFET and 82 mV/decade for PMOSFET. The maximum transconductance of NMOSFET and PMOSFET, at V$_{GS}$=2.5 V and V$_{DS}$=1.5 V, were260 mS/mm and 122 mS/mm. The measured saturation drain current at V$_{GS}$=V$_{DS}$ =2.5 V was 0.574 mA/${\mu}$m for NMOSFET and -0.228 mA/${\mu}$m for PMOSFET. The gate resistance of SAW MOSFET was about m$\Omega$cm and the n+-p junction capacitance of SAW MOSFET was about 10% lowas than that of the conventional MOSFET's.

Improvement of Transglycosylation Efficiency using a Glycosynthase Mutant derived from Thermoplasma acidophilum ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase

황성민,서성화,박인명,최경화,김도만,차재호,Hwang, Sung-Min,Seo, Seong-Hwa,Park, In-Myoung,Choi, Kyoung-Hwa,Kim, Do-Man,Cha, Jae-Ho The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2012 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Glycosynthase는 친핵성 아미노산을 비친핵성 아미노산으로 치환하여 당전이 산물의 가수분해를 막아서 당전이 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 이전 연구에서 본 실험실은 열에 안정하고 산에 강한 Thermoplasma acidophilum 유래의 ${alpha}$-glucosidase (AglA)가 당전이 활성이 있음을 입증하였으나 시간이 지남에 따라 당전이 산물이 가수분해 되었다. 이러한 AglA의 당전이 효율을 개선하기 위하여 친핵성 아미노산인 아스파라긴산을 글리신으로 치환하였다. 이 치환된 glycosynthase는 니켈 친화력 크로마토그래피를 통하여 정제되었으며, 정제된 돌연변이 단백질의 배당체를 합성하는 능력이 말토오스를 공여체로 그리고 p-nitrophenyl-${alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside($pNP{\alpha}G$)를 수용체로, 그리고 $pNP{\alpha}G$가 당공여체 및 수용체로 이용될 수 있는지 검사하였다. Glycosynthase를 이용한 당전이 산물의 수율은 약 42.5%를 보였으며 시간이 지남에 따라서 가수분해되지 않았다. 박막 크로마토그래피법을 이용한 반응산물의 분석은 수용체의 높은 농도에서 기존의 효소보다 많은 양의 배당체를 합성할 수 있음을 보여주었고, 특히 중성보다 낮은 pH 영역에서 가장 높은 활성을 보여줌을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 glycosynthase가 산업적으로 배당체를 합성하는데 유용성이 크다는 것을 나타낸다. Glycosynthase is an active site nucleophile mutant enzyme, prepared from glycosidase, which is capable of synthesizing oligosaccharide derivatives without the hydrolysis of the product. Thermoacidophilic ${\alpha}$-glucosidase of Thermoplasma acidophilum (AglA) exhibits a transglycosylating activity yielding various glycosides. AglA was converted to glycosynthase by the substitution of the catalytic nucleophile Asp-408 residue into non-nucleophile glycine in order to increase its ability to synthesize various glycosides by transglycosylation. The glycosynthase mutant was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and its glycoside-synthesizing activity was measured by using an external nucleophile, sodium formate buffer, providing maltose as a donor and p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside ($pNP{\alpha}G$) as an acceptor, respectively. In addition, $pNP{\alpha}G$ was examined for its feasibility to act as both a donor and an acceptor, and products were compared with those of the wildtype enzyme. The mutant enzyme was found to catalyze the formation of a specific product from $pNP{\alpha}G$ with a yield of 42.5% without further hydrolysis, while the wild-type enzyme produced two $pNP{\alpha}G$ products at low yields. The results demonstrate the possibility of satisfactory yields for the reactions in the presence of small amounts of acceptor, and demonstrate that the high activity of the mutant, at pHs below neutrality, was applicable in the transfer of glucose from the natural donor.

수사기관에 보관중인 압수된 전자정보의 재압수에 관한 최근 판례 동향

황성민 단국대학교 법학연구소 2023 법학논총 Vol.47 No.4

일부 반부패 등 특별수사에서 뿐만 아니라, 공안·성폭력·재산범죄·마약·조직폭력·보이스피싱 등 사실상 형사사건의 전 분야에 있어, 디지털 증거 특히 관련 피의자의 스마트폰에 저장된 전자정보는 사건해결의 실마리가 될 뿐만 아니라, 수사의 성패를 가르는 결정적인 기여를 하고 있는 작금의 수사 환경에있어, 스마트폰에 대한 압수·수색의 수요는 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 보인다.그리고 원본 파일과의 동일성·무결성 소명 및 ‘법정에서 디지털 증거의 재현이나 검증’을 위하여, 스마트폰의 전체 추출정보 즉 이른바 ‘전부이미지’도 수사기관의 디지털증거 업무관리시스템에 보관되어지고 있는 것이 현실인 바, 이에 대한 별건 수사에서의 재압수가 가능한지 여부가 최근 문제되고 있고 유의미한 판결들이 선고된 바 있다. 먼저 ①선별절차를 거쳐 압수된 전자정보 이외의 전자정보는 즉시 삭제·폐기·반환 되어야 함에도 불구하고, 수사기관이 이를 보관하던 중 별건 사건에서의 이에 대한 재압수는 허용될 수 없다는 판례와, ②당해 전자정보 압수·수색의 원인이 된 혐의에 대하여 늦어도 법원에서 무죄판결로 확정된 이후부터는 보전의 필요성이 없어져 즉시 폐기되어 졌어야 함에도 불구하고 수사기관에서 이를 만연히 보관하던 중, 별건 사건에서의 이에 대한 재압수는 허용될수 없다는 취지의 판례이다. 살피건대, 이른바 ‘전부이미지’를 무한정 수사기관의 디지털증거 업무관리시스템에 보관하고 있는 것은 그 자체로 ‘사생활의 비밀과 자유’ 등 해당 정보주체의 기본권에 심각한 타격을 줄 수 있는 여지가 있고, 별건 사건에서 재압수의 형태로 추가 노출될 우려가 상존하게 되므로, 재압수의 형태로 무분별하고 손쉽게 별건 사건의 증거로 획득되어지는 것을 제한할 필요가 있으며, 구체적으로는 ①본 건 사건에서 적법하게 압수·수색되어 선별된 전자정보를저장하고 있는 이른바 ‘선별이미지’에 한하여, ②원본 스마트폰 등 디지털기기를 추급할 수 없어 수사기관의 디지털증거 업무관리시스템에만 정보가 보관된특별한 사정이 있고, ③본건 사건과 별건 사건 사이에 관련성이 인정되는 범위 내에서만 예외적으로 재압수를 허용하는 취지의 근거규정을 신설하는 방안도 고려해볼 만한 때가 되었다고 생각된다. 더불어 수사기관의 디지털증거 업무관리시스템에 저장된 압수된 전자정보에 대한 보관의 終期를, 수사기관 자체 관리규정 등을 통하여 보다 합리적이고 명확하게 규정해 놓을 필요성이 크다. In the current investigative environment, where digital evidence, especially electronic information stored on a suspect’s smartphone, is not only a clue to solving a case but also a decisive contributor to the success or failure of an investigation, the demand for seizure and search of smartphones is expected to continue to increase, not only in some special investigations such as anti-corruption, but also in virtually all areas of criminal cases such as public security, sexual violence, property crime, drugs, organized crime, and voice phishing. In addition, in order to prove the identity and integrity of the original file and to ‘reproduce or verify digital evidence in court’, the entire extracted information of the smartphone, so-called ‘full image’, is also stored in the digital evidence management system of the investigative agency, and whether it can be re-seized in a separate investigation has recently been an issue and significant judgments have been handed down. First, there is a ruling that (1) electronic information other than electronic information seized through the selection procedure must be immediately deleted, destroyed, and returned, but the reseizure of such information in a separate case while the investigative agency kept it is not permitted, and (2) the reseizure of such information in a separate case while the investigative agency kept it in a widespread manner is not permitted, even though it should have been destroyed immediately after the court acquitted the defendant of the charges that caused the seizure of the electronic information at the latest, as the need for preservation is no longer necessary. As a result, the indefinite storage of so-called ‘full image’ in the digital evidence management system of the investigative agency may seriously damage the fundamental rights of the information subject, such as ‘secrecy and freedom of private life’, and there is an ever-present risk of further exposure in the form of reseizure in a separate case, so it is necessary to limit the indiscriminate and easy acquisition of evidence in a separate case in the form of reseizure, Specifically, (1) the so-called ‘screened images’ that store selected electronic information lawfully seized and searched in the present case, (2) there are special circumstances in which the information is stored only in the digital evidence management system of the investigative agency due to the inability to trace the original smartphone and other digital devices, and (3) it is time to consider the proposal to establish a ground rule to exceptionally allow reseizure only to the extent that the relevance between the present case and the separate case is recognized. In addition, it is necessary to more rationally and clearly stipulate the end date of the storage of seized electronic information stored in the digital evidence management system of the investigative agency through its own management regulations.

고추 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법 확립

황성민,장경수,최용호,김헌,최경자 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.4

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease in cultivation of chili pepper, causing plant death and significant yield losses. Cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is the most suitable measure to control bacterial wilt of chili pepper. To establish an efficient screening method for resistant chili pepper to R. solanacearum, six resistant or susceptible cultivars to the R. solanacearum were selected and the development of bacterial wilt on the cultivars according to several conditions was investigated. Drenching bacterial suspension into the cut roots using a scalpel was more simple and effective to distinguish resistant and susceptible cultivars than inoculation methods of root-dipping or soil-drenching without wounding. A resistant pepper, ’MC4’ to R. solanacearum showed high resistance under the developed conditions which were 21- to 28-day-old pepper inoculated with 1×108 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension. On the other hands, the susceptible cultivars represented high disease severity under the conditions. These results indicated that we developed an efficient method to evaluate resistance of chili pepper cultivars against bacterial wilt. In addition, we successfully evaluated resistance degree of 140 commercial chili pepper cultivars to R. solanacearum using the developed method.

P2X7 Receptor-mediated Membrane Blebbing in Salivary Epithelial Cells

황성민,구나연,최세영,Gae-Sig Chun,김중수,박경표 대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3

High concentrations of ATP induce membrane blebbing. However, the underlying mechanism involved in epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in membrane blebbing using Par C5 cells. We stimulated the cells with 5 mM of ATP for 1∼2 hrs and found the characteristics of membrane blebbing, a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. In addition, 500μM Bz-ATP, a specific P2X7R agonist, induced membrane blebbing. However, 300μM of Ox-ATP, a P2X7R antagonist, inhibited ATP-induced membrane blebbing, suggesting that ATP- induced membrane blebbing is mediated by P2X7R. We found that ATP-induced membrane blebbing was mediated by ROCK I activation and MLC phosphorylation, but not by caspase-3. Five mM of ATP evoked a biphasic [Ca2+]i response; a transient [Ca2+]i peak and sustained [Ca2+]i increase secondary to ATP-stimulated Ca2+ influx. These results suggest that P2X7R plays a role in membrane blebbing of the salivary gland epithelial cells.

BT인으로 성장시켜 준 사람들

황성민 한국생물공학회 2021 BT NEWS Vol.28 No.2

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황성민 단국대학교 법학연구소 2022 법학논총 Vol.46 No.4

In the recent investigation environment, the importance of forensic evidence derived from digital devices such as smartphones, tablet PCs, and smart watches is increasing day by day. In particular, since smartphones are always carried in almost every process of daily life, countless information about overall personal life such as messages, location information, Internet search data, photos and videos, voice data, various memos, phone numbers, call history, payment history, etc. is implied, and there is a high probability that conclusive evidence will come out to prove a crime. In addition, mobile devices such as smartphones are often confiscated through warrant exceptions, such as seizure search at the arrest site and seizure search for 24 hours after emergency arrest, due to the characteristic that they are always carried and easily transported to a person’s body. If the smartphone is urgently seized under the exception of warrantism under the Criminal Procedure Act without receiving a prior seizure search warrant due to the convenience of the smartphone as described above, it is questionable to what stage the right to participate in the emergency seized smartphone should be guaranteed. In this regard, the Supreme Court precedent has not been clearly judged so far. However, in order to harmonize the secrecy and efficiency of the investigation for the discovery of truth and the compliance with the principle of due process for human rights protection, it is reasonable to interpret that it is only guaranteed to “selection work” that separates irrelevant information through keyword search. This is because the act of separating only related information and “exploring, copying, and outputting” it again, that is, analyzing selected electronic information, is tantamount to the internal seized material analysis process of the investigative agency.

Complex-Periodic Cardiac Spiral Waves and Their Multi-Stability in Populations of Rat Ventricle Cells

황성민,이경진,김태윤 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.II

Dynamics and instabilities of reentrant spiral waves in excitable cardiac tissues are important in understanding various forms of cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillations. However, they are still a subject far from being well understood. Here, we present complex-periodic cardiac spiral waves arising in a cultured monolayer tissue of rat ventricle cells. An interesting sequence of spontaneous transitions is observed. We demonstrate that this unusual phenomenon is driven by an intricate interplay between the spiral core and neighboring localized (absolute and partial) conduction blocks, to which the spiral core is entrained.

철강 부원료의 질소/산소 분석방법 연구

황성민,박태창,전영민,손연승 한국환경분석학회 2013 제1회 한국분석기술단체 총 연합 합동 심포지엄 Vol.0 No.-

스마트폰에 대한 긴급압수⋅수색의 효력 범위에 관한 고찰

황성민 단국대학교 법학연구소 2020 법학논총 Vol.44 No.3

The importance of forensic evidence derived from digital equipment such as smartphones, tablet PCs and smartwatches has been growing day by day in the recent investigative environment. In particular, smartphones are always carried around in almost every daily process, so there may be conclusive evidence to prove any criminal charges, such as messages, location information, Internet search data, photos and videos, voice materials, various memos, phone numbers, phone calls, and payment details. In addition, mobile devices, such as smartphones, are often confiscated under the warrant’s exception rules, such as search and seizure at the scene of arrest and search for 24 hours after emergency arrest, due to their characteristics that they are always carried and easily transported to the human body. Therefore, it may be questionable whether the emergency seizure will take effect even on electronic information stored in the smartphone, if it is urgently confiscated under the warrant’s exception rules without receiving a prior warrant. In my opinion, the above emergency seizure should be considered effective for the information that investigators can visually verify without any special technical measures during the natural use of the smartphone itself, which was urgently confiscated without a prior warrant. Therefore, in this case, only a post-warrant for the smartphone itself will be required. However, once the smartphone is urgently seized and it is sent back to the Digital Forensics Center to restore the information files, it is considerable to obtain additional warrant for the information file that has been e xtracted throu gh d igital f orensics, because i t is n ot t he d ata that c an be verified from the natural use of the smartphone itself. 최근 수사환경에서 스마트폰, 태블릿PC, 스마트워치 등 디지털 장비에서 도출되는 포렌직 증거의 중요성은 나날이 커지고 있다. 특히 스마트폰의 경우거의 모든 일상생활 과정에서 항상 휴대하게 되기 때문에 메시지, 위치정보, 인터넷검색 자료, 사진 및 동영상, 음성자료, 각종 메모, 전화번호, 통화내역, 결제내역 등 사생활 전반에 관한 무수한 정보가 함축되어지고 이로써 어떤 범죄혐의 입증에 결정적인 증거가 나올 확률이 높다. 더불어 스마트폰 등 모바일기기의 경우 사람의 신체에 항상 휴대되고 손쉽게 운반된다는 특성 때문에, 체포현장에서의 압수수색, 긴급체포 이후의 24시간 동안의 압수수색 등 영장주의 예외 규정을 통해 압수되어지는 경우가 많을 수 있다. 그렇다면 위와 같이 스마트폰의 편리한 휴대성으로 인하여 사전 압수수색영장을 발부 받지 아니한 상태에서 형사소송법상 영장주의의 예외 조항에 의하여 긴급하게 압수되었을 경우에, 스마트폰 내에 저장된 전자정보에까지도해당 긴급압수수색의 효력이 미칠 것인지가 문제될 수 있다. 생각건대, 영장 없이 긴급 압수된 스마트폰 자체의 자연적인 이용과정에서수사기관이 특별한 기술적 조치 없이 육안으로 확인할 수 있는 정보내용에 대해서는 위 긴급압수의 효력이 미친다고 보아야 한다. 따라서 이 경우는 스마트폰 자체에 대한 사후영장만 발부받으면 될 것이다. 그러나 일단 스마트폰을압수한 뒤에 이를 다시 디지털 포렌직 센터로 보내어 분석을 마친 후 디지털포렌직 센터에서 보내온 정보파일을 확인하여 그 과정에서 유효한 증거파일을확보하는 경우에는, 이미 스마트폰 자체의 자연적 사용을 통하여 축출할 수있는 자료가 아니므로, 해당 스마트폰 자체에 대한 사후 압수수색영장을 발부받음과 별도로 디지털 포렌직을 통해 축출한 정보파일에 대하여 추가로 사전압수수색 영장을 발부받도록 함이 상당하다.