Magnetic domain wall motion across a step of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

홍익선,이서원,이경진 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.12

Magnetic domain wall motion is numerically studied in a nanowire with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) step at which DMI varies in real space. The spatially modulated DMI results in the formation of asymmetric domain wall energy landscape across the step, which affects the domain wall motion significantly. Utilizing this DMI step, we propose a domain wall memory device where the switching of up- and down-state is induced by a spin-orbit spin-transfer torque (SOT)-driven domain wall motion. This domain wall memory device is expected to have a high switching efficiency.

우주탐사용 질량분석기들의 과학적 성과와 기술 동향

홍익선,이유,이진근,이남석,강성원,김선태,장규하,최정림,민경욱,정종일,Ik-Seon Hong,Yu Yi,Jingeun Rhee,Nam-Seok Lee,Sung Won Kang,Seontae Kim,Kyu-Ha Jang,Cheong Rim Choi,Kyoung Wook Min,Jongil Jung 한국우주과학회 2023 우주기술과 응용 Vol.3 No.1

우리나라의 첫 달 탐사선 다누리호가 달 궤도에 진입을 성공하면서 이후 화성 탐사와 같은 우리나라의 새로운 우주탐사 계획을 기대할 수 있게 되었다. 우리나라의 우주탐사 탑재체는 한정적인 분야에서만 개발되어 새로운 우주탐사 탑재체를 개발할 필요성이 있다. 국외에서는 우주탐사에 거의 기본적으로 탑재되는 장비로 질량분석기가 있으며, 탐사 대상의 대기와 휘발성 물질 관측과 더불어 유기물 분석을 통한 생명체 탐사까지 아우르는 매우 유용한 탑재체이다. 하지만 우리나라에선 우주탐사용으로 질량분석기 탑재체를 개발한 전적이 없으므로 앞으로의 우주탐사를 대비해 기술을 확보해야 할 필요가 있다. 그에 앞서 국외의 우주탐사용 질량분석기 탑재체의 과학적 성과를 살펴보고 동향을 파악해본다.

Lunar Pit Craters Presumed to be the Entrances of Lava Caves by Analogy to the Earth Lava Tube Pits

홍익선,이유,김어진 한국우주과학회 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.2

Lava caves could be useful as outposts for the human exploration of the Moon. Lava caves or lava tubes are formed whenthe external surface of the lava flows cools more quickly to make a hardened crust over subsurface lava flows. The lavaflow eventually ceases and drains out of the tube, leaving an empty space. The frail part of the ceiling of lava tube couldcollapse to expose the entrance to the lava tubes which is called a pit crater. Several pit craters with the diameter of around100 meters have been found by analyzing the data of SELENE and LRO lunar missions. It is hard to use these pit cratersfor outposts since these are too large in scale. In this study, small scale pit craters which are fit for outposts have beeninvestigated using the NAC image data of LROC. Several topographic patterns which are believed to be lunar caves havebeen found and the similar pit craters of the Earth were compared and analyzed to identify caves. For this analysis, theimage data of satellites and aerial photographs are collected and classified to construct a database. Several pit cratersanalogous to lunar pit craters were derived and a morphological pit crater model was generated using the 3D printer basedon this database.

4족 보행 로봇을 활용한 달의 직선절벽(Rupes Recta)의 단층면 탐사를 통한 구름의 바다(Mare Nubium) 지역의 지질학적 형성 연구

홍익선,이유,주광혁,Hong, Ik-Seon,Yi, Yu,Ju, Gwanghyeok 한국우주과학회 2021 우주기술과 응용 Vol.1 No.1

달이나 지구의 특정 지역의 지질학적 형성 과정을 이해하는 가장 쉬운 방법은 지층이 쌓이는 순서인 층서를 관측하는 것이다. 층서를 분석하면 과거의 지질학적 사건과 그 시기의 유추가 가능하다. 달의 바다 중 구름의 바다(Mare Nubium)에는 층서를 관측할 수 있는 Rupes Recta라는 기울기 10° - 30°의 단층 지형이 있으며, 이 지역의 여건상 바퀴로 움직이는 로버는 탐사가 불가능하기 때문에 원활한 탐사를 위해 경사로와 험지 이동도 무난히 수행 가능한 4족 보행 로봇을 사용해야만 한다. 4족 보행 로봇으로 단층면을 탐사하려면 층서의 구현정도, 지형의 경사도, 지형의 거친 정도인 석리(texture)와 장애물의 유무를 고려하여 탐사 경로를 설계할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 화성 탐사선들의 원격 탐사 자료를 활용하여 최적화된 탐사 경로 선정과정을 제시한다. 그리고 4족 보행 로봇을 활용한 단층면 탐사에 필요한 필수탑재체로 층서의 실제 형상을 촬영하고 구별하기 위한 광학카메라, 구성성분을 분석하기 위한 분광기, 지표에 노출되지 않은 시료를 얻기 위한 드릴로 이루어진 구성을 제안한다. On the moon as well as the earth, one of the easiest ways to understand geological formation history of any region is to observe the stratigraphy if it is available, the order in which the strata build up. By analyzing stratigraphy, it is possible to infer what geological events have occurred in the past. Mare Nubium also has an unique normal fault called Rupes Recta that shows stratigraphy. However, a rover moving with wheels is incompetent to explore the cliff since the Rupes Recta has an inclination of 10° - 30°. Therefore, a quadruped walking robot must be employed for stable expedition. To exploration a fault with a four-legged walking robot, it is necessary to design an expedition route by taking account of whether the stratigraphy is well displayed, whether the slope of the terrain is moderate, and whether there are obstacles and rough texture in the terrain based on the remote sensing data from the previous lunar missions. For the payloads required for fault surface exploration we propose an optical camera to grasp the actual appearance, a spectrometer to analyze the composition, and a drill to obtain samples that are not exposed outward.

Spectral Deconvolution Analysis of Mafic Mineral in Irregular Mare Patches on the Moon

홍익선,이유,박누리 한국우주과학회 2022 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.39 No.4

Irregular mare patches (IMPs), recently discovered on the Moon, are eruptions of magma on the lunar surface, and their origins are still in question. While prior studies on IMPs have mainly focused on optical image analysis, in this study, an analysis of the characteristics of minerals is performed exemplary for the first time. Modified Gaussian model (MGM) deconvolution was applied to the infrared spectrum to confirm the properties of the mafic mineral. Mafic minerals were analyzed for 6 olivine-rich (Ol-rich) IMPs out of 91 currently reported, and only 4 of them yielded results of significance. All four sites showed more abundance of Fe than Mg, and manifested a weak relationship with Mg-suite rock. However, a problem was discovered during the MGM application process due to pilot implementation. In order to solve this problem, it is required to adjust the MGM initial condition settings more precisely and to increase the signal to noise ratio of the observation data. Moreover, it is necessary to analyze the mineral properties for all IMPs considering minerals other than Ol and utilize them to deduce the origin of the IMPs.

Construction of the image database of Earth's lava caves useful in identifying the lunar caves

홍익선,정종일,손종대,오수연,이유,Hong, Ik-Seon,Jeong, Jongil,Sohn, Jongdae,Oh, Suyeon,Yi, Yu 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2

Cave on the Moon is considered as the most appropriate place for human to live during the frontier lunar exploration. While the lava flows, the outer crust gets cooled and solidified. Then, the empty space is remained inside after lava flow stops. Such empty space is called the lava caves. Those lava tubes on the Earth are formed mostly by volcanic activity. However, the lava tubes on satellite like Moon and planet like Mars without volcanic activity are mostly formed by the lava flow inside of the crater made by large meteorite impact. Some part of lava tube with collapsed ceiling appears as the entrance of the cave. Such area looks like a deep crater so called a pit crater. Four large pit craters with diameter of > 60 m and depth of > 40 m are found without difficulty from Kaguya and LRO mission image archives. However, those are too deep to use as easily accessible human frontier base. Therefore, now we are going to identify some smaller lunar caves with accessible entrances using LRO camera images of 0.5 m/pixel resolution. Earth's lava caves and their entrances are well photographed by surface and aerial camera in immense volume. Thus, if the image data are sorted and archived well, those images can be used in comparison with the less distinct lunar cave and entrance images due to its smaller size. Then, we can identify the regions on the Moon where there exist caves with accessible entrances. The database will be also useful in modeling geomorphology for lunar and Martian caves for future artificial intelligence investigation of the caves in any size.

3D Modeling of Lacus Mortis Pit Crater with Presumed Interior Tube Structure

홍익선,이유,유재형,Junichi Haruyama 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.2

When humans explore the Moon, lunar caves will be an ideal base to provide a shelter from the hazards of radiation, meteorite impact, and extreme diurnal temperature differences. In order to ascertain the existence of caves on the Moon, it is best to visit the Moon in person. The Google Lunar X Prize(GLXP) competition started recently to attempt lunar exploration missions. Ones of those groups competing, plan to land on a pit of Lacus Mortis and determine the existence of a cave inside this pit. In this pit, there is a ramp from the entrance down to the inside of the pit, which enables a rover to approach the inner region of the pit. In this study, under the assumption of the existence of a cave in this pit, a 3D model was developed based on the optical image data. Since this model simulates the actual terrain, the rendering of the model agrees well with the image data. Furthermore, the 3D printing of this model will enable more rigorous investigations and also could be used to publicize lunar exploration missions with ease.

Investigation of the Characteristic Nighttime Temperature of Potential Caves on Mars

박누리,홍익선,정종일 한국우주과학회 2022 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.39 No.4

By providing an environment where energetic particles and micrometeorites can not penetrate, caves on Mars may serve as a human shelter in future Mars explorations. More than 1,000 cave entrance candidates have been detected; however, their physical characteristics that can be utilized in detecting more candidates have not been explored in detail. In this paper, we explore the nighttime temperature of 100 cave entrance candidates and their surrounding areas to investigate 1) the nighttime temperature tendencies relative to their surrounding areas and 2) the extent of these temperature differences. We find that 79% of the cave entrance candidates exhibit higher temperatures than the surrounding areas, and 59% show a temperature difference over 20K, suggesting that the cave entrances may generally show higher temperatures than the surrounding areas during the nighttime.

Method for Identifying Lava Tubes Among Pit Craters Using Brightness Profile Across Pits on the Moon or Mars

정종일,홍익선,조은진,이유 한국우주과학회 2016 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.33 No.1

Caves can serve as major outposts for future human exploration of the Moon and Mars. In addition, caves can protect people and electronic equipment from external hazards such as cosmic ray radiation and meteorites impacts and serve as a shelter. Numerous pit craters have been discovered on the Moon and Mars and are potential entrances to caves; the principal topographic features of pit craters are their visible internal floors and pits with vertical walls. We have devised two topographical models for investigating the relationship between the topographical characteristics and the inner void of pit craters. One of our models is a concave floor void model and the other is a convex floor tube model. For each model, optical photographs have been obtained under conditions similar to those in which optical photographs have been acquired for craters on the Moon and Mars. Brightness profiles were analyzed for determining the profile patterns of the void pit craters. The profile patterns were compared to the brightness profiles of Martian pit craters, because no good-quality images of lunar pit craters were available. In future studies, the model profile patterns will be compared to those of lunar pit craters, and the proposed method will likely become useful for finding lunar caves and consequently for planning lunar bases for manned lunar expeditions.

Solar Insolation Effect on the Local Distribution of Lunar Hydroxyl

김수연,이유,홍익선,손종대 한국우주과학회 2018 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.35 No.1

Moon mineralogy mapper (M3)'s work proved that the moon is not completely dry but has some hydroxyl/water. M3’s data confirmed that the amount of hydroxyl on the lunar surface is inversely related to the measured signal brightness, suggesting the lunar surface is sensitive to temperature by solar insolation. We tested the effect of solar insolation on the local distribution of hydroxyl by using M3 data, and we found that most craters had more hydroxyl in shade areas than in sunlit areas. This means that the local distribution of hydroxyl is absolutely influenced by the amount of sunshine. We investigated the factors affecting differences in hydroxyl; we found that the higher the latitude, the larger the difference during daytime. We also measured the pyroxene content and found that pyroxene affects the amount of hydroxyl, but it does not affect the difference in hydroxyl between sunlit and shaded areas. Therefore, we confirmed that solar insolation plays a significant role in the local distribution of hydroxyl, regardless of surface composition.