밝은사회운동과 여성회원의 역할

하영애 경희대학교부설 밝은사회문제연구소 1995 밝은 社會 Vol.15 No.1

밝은사회 운동을 통한 세계평화

하영애 밝은사회연구소 2000 밝은社會硏究 Vol.21 No.1

Peace is indispensable in social life just as water and air are as such for human beings. Peace, as the soul of life and as a noble value, is a source of bringing happiness to our minds. While the end of the Cold War has brought detente to the world, fights are endlessly taking place in the every corner of the world. What can we do to deal with tis situation? Peace should be obtained not by fights and power but by discussions and compromises. A perspective of active peace involves a process towards the Global Common Society where human basic needs can be met, human beings are respected, and individuals, groups and nation states are all equal so that they can be further developed. Today, civil society and NGOs play an important role in relation to the peace movements. Among these NGOs, GCS club has been more eager in consistently working towards world peace movements than any other NGO. The main objectives of the GCS movements by the GCS club are to deal with various world problems and to build a Global Common Society of co-prosperity and co-existence. The movements also pursue a B.A.R. Society. Especially, GCS club, as the GCS international headquarter, took the lead to propose to establish 'World Peace Year' and 'World Peace day,' and also held the 1999 Seoul International Conference of NGOs. Now it has the task to drive forward more fruitful peace movements at the threshold of the new millennium. The purpose of this study is to search for possible ways to realize world peace through 5 movements by GCS club. In the first part, the necessity of the world peace movements was raised and the developments of the peace movements so far were reviewed. Also, the ways to realize world peace through the GCS movement were considered in NGOs and educational levels as well as international and national levels. This can be divided into two parts: the realization of world peace by Pax UN and the networks of regional cooperative institutions. Pax UN, for the purpose of building a global common society, pursues to strengthen the United Nations as an international institution in order to bring peace and to establish co-prosperity of human beings on the basis of freedom and democracy. A peaceful society can be realized when universal democracy is established. The universal democracy guarantees freedom, equality, co-prosperity: RCS(Regional Cooperation Society) to Regional Common Society to Global Cooperation Society to Global Common Society. This is not easy way, but we should make a consistent effort to make it happen. In NGOs level, peace movements of the local NGOs, Northeast Asian NGOs networks, and world NGOs networks were reviewed. There are NGOs networks related to world peace movements including 'International Museum of Peace and Solidarity', 'Consortium on Peace Research', Education and Development: COPPED', 'Peace Boat', 'Institute for International Peace Studies,' 'World Religion and peace Conference.' Practical peace movements through these networks are very important. Likewise, school education and social peace education are as important in bringing peace. Peace movements could be developed more actively if NGOs such as 'Peace Study Group', 'Peace Loving People's Assembly' are organized and young people participate in these NGOs. True world peace could not be completely established as long as power structure remains in the human society. However, we cannot look over these situations. It is our mission to build a peaceful world by putting our creative capabilities together so as to hand over the precious material civilization and spiritual heritage to our descendants. World peace should by for human beings on earth, not for one country.

UN-NGO 소속단체로서의 GCS클럽 활동과 발전방향

하영애 慶熙大學校 밝은社會問題硏究所 1998 밝은社會硏究 Vol.19 No.1

GCS Club, as a NGO, has played a very important role in conducting social activities in the various areas. First of all, GCS club is a non-profit organization and run by membership fee. UN ECOSOc NGO committee recommended that GCS be granted with an NGO Special Consultative STatus as a result of its cntinuous efforts. Thee Contribution GCS have made so far can be categorized as a social and an deducational contributions. As for social contribution, raising Korean status in the international society and cortribution to the world peace can be raised. As for edrcitional contrubution, GCS has cortibuted to the school education through its various activities in elementary, middle, high school as well as college levels. It has also contributed to medical service, campaign to help boys and girls who take charge of living, leadership training of members and board members. etc. In 1999, GCS club is require to play a more active role in our society. It should strengthen it activities of GCS INternational Seoul Office is to draw un annual reports and report it to UN-NGO, and to consolidate its ties with other NGOs by dispatching persons who have good commends of English so that GCS can participate in the conference held by UN. Also GCS plants to issue quarterly newsletter for 1999 Seoul NGO conference. In order to develop the activities of GCS club, the organizations should be more activated and should be financially independent. Also, appropriate projects should be selected and carried out according to the characteristics of each unit club. In relation with the advent of information society, virtual college for GCS activities and GCS Training Center should be established in the international level. In order to achieve these goals, everyone should make an effort and in this sense, the efforts of the leaders are ssential.

성(性) 중심적 사회의 와해

하영애 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2005 OUGHTOPIA Vol.20 No.-

GCS여성클럽의 활성화 방안

하영애 慶熙大學校 밝은社會問題硏究所 2002 밝은社會硏究 Vol.23 No.1

Women in modern era are characterized by their eagerness to develop their own capabilities and to contribute to their society through social service and participation. Rewarding is a feeling of joy or contentment after various activities exectuted by oneself of a member of organizations. GCS Club members are getting the feeling of rewarding through the participating of various social service programs promoted by the club. The purpose of this study is to search for ways to nurture programs of the Women's Club to enhance their contentment and accomplishment by encouraging women's participation in service activities so as to transform the GCS movement to play a lelading role in promoting social movements in the 21st century. One of the examples is that women members felt respect for their parents when they participated in the medical service activities. After those activities, they pledged to develop this program in nation-wide scale. This study categorized the programs of the Women's Club to be promoted into the areas of project, finance, advertising and organization and focused in particular on the area of program development. In order to activate the GCS movement in progressive and rewarding way, the members of the GCS Women's Club should place an emphasis on the following: First, promoting the GCS medical service activities broadly and continuously. Second, increasing members of the GCS Women's Club through changing role of women. Third, developing and executing programs for solidarity of the GCS Women's Club. Fourth, networking with women's NGOs home and abroad. It is important to lay the foundation for Oughtopia, a society of what ought-to-be, by constructing a spiritually beautiful, materially affluent and humanly rewarding society. GCS Women's Club has provided its members with rewarding experiences so far. It is also impreative for the club to make every endeavor to contribute to the society on the basis of its activities and experiences in the future.

GCS여성클럽의 활성화 방안

하영애 Center for the Reconstruction of Human Socity, Kyu 1998 OUGHTOPIA Vol.13 No.1

現代社會에서 女性의 役割變化와 GCS여성클럽의 發展方案

하영애 밝은사회연구소 1999 밝은社會硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Since the 1995 Beijing International Women's Conference, women's participation in the society is slowly increasing in Korea. For example, Women's Week(1 ~ 7 July) is being held annually, Women's Development Fund is being raised, and measures for a certain percentage of women to be employed in public society are provided. Especially, the change of women's role in modern society is a trend of our times. My thesis focuses on the development of GCS Women's Club by grafting women power to the Club. My research is based on the following points: firstly, change of women's role in modern society; secondly, status quo and major activities of women's groups in modern society; thirdly, immediate tasks of GCS Women's Club; and finally, development measures of GCS Women's Club. Women's role in the Confucian traditional society was limited to private life, whereas in the modern society it is extended to public life, such as active participation in society, politics, economics, and education. As women are enjoying a more comfortable living nowadays, they want a healthy participation in society to use their time meaningfully. Multilateral efforts on the part of members as well as staffs are necessary in order to graft women's ability to the GCS movement. I have researched the activities of women's groups both home and abroad. The most important activity of women's groups related to political participation is the 'quota system.' Taiwan has implemented the Election Quota System and on average 10-25% of Members of Parliament are women. A quota system of 10% is implemented in Egypt, Indonesia, and Pakistan. Korea and Japan are also pursuing a quota system for women's participation in politics. As measures of development for GCS Women's Club, the creation of an organization wholly run by women, expansion of the Women's Club organization, networking and cooperation between Korean women NGOs and foreign women NGOs, and establishment of a special fund for the development of Women's Club on the part of International Headquarters and the Korean Headquarters are under discussion. In addition, increase of GCS Women's Club members through the change in women's role, and development and practice of programs to activate GCS Women's Club are being suggested.

GCS 학생클럽에 관한 연구 : 고교 및 대학생클럽을 중심으로

하영애 慶熙大學校 밝은社會問題硏究所 1997 밝은社會硏究 Vol.18 No.1

The Global Coopration Society(GCS) has the philosophy of Oughtopia which is formulated by DR. Young Seek Choue and goals toawrds Human Family. Global Village, and World Community. Also, the GCS has contributed to the development of our society in many ways. Hence, the research on student clubs could be atribut to the lofty goal of building a praxis of the GCS. As a practical way to achieve the goal of GCS, the opration of activities is very important. Even though lots of research on organization of members, there is little about the young people's club. Therefore, this research focused on activities of student members and tried to make basic datas to improve activities of student member clubs. Methodologically, this research has examinde by literature reviews on sociology, psychology and politics. And also surveys on personal interviews and question papers have been used. I surveyed on college student clubs in five Seoul clubs and six local clubs. In order to improve the young member club, I suggested several programs. Actually, practical and well-organized programs have already done by a few clubs. For example, 'flower street', 'speech contest', and 'GCS award' are representative programs. These programs promoted the membership cooperation and cultivated the culture of sentiments of student members. This research mostly focused on the development of ideal, organization, and activities of college student members. As the result of surveys. I strongly suggest that the program of you member, particularly the university graduate, must establish and develop.

성인 남성 근로자에서 비만 지표의 변화와 혈청지질치 변화와의 관련성

하영애,천병렬,감신,이성국,예민해,Ha, Young-Ae,Chun, Byung-Yeol,Kam, Sin,Lee, Sung-Kook,Yeh, Min-Hae 대한예방의학회 1996 예방의학회지 Vol.29 No.3

성인 남성 근로자들에 있어서 비만지표의 변화와 혈청지질치 변화와의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여, 대구시에 소재한 1개 회사의 남성 근로자 208명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 1995년 7월에 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레를 재고 혈압을 측정하였으며, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤 등을 검사하고 LDL-콜레스테롤, 심근경색지수를 계산하였다. 이를 1991년도에 검사된 기초 자료들과 비교하였다. 1. 4년간 체중이 1.63kg, 허리둘레가 3.61cm, 엉덩이둘레가 4.23cm, BMI가 $0.52kg/m^2$, Katsura 지수는 0.02만큼 유의하게 증가했지만, 허리 엉덩이둘레비는 0.021만큼 유의한 감소가 있었다(p<0.01). 총 콜레스테롤은 15.09mg/이, 중성지방 20.43mg/dl, HDL-콜레스테롤 9.40mg/dl, 그리고 심근경색지수는 2.87mg/dl 만큼 유의하게 증가하였다. (p<0.01). LDL-콜레스테롤은 3.50mg/dl 만큼 증가하였으나 유의하지는 않았다. 2. BMI 변화 및 Katsura 지수의 변화와 총 콜레스테롤의 변화(r=0.174, p<0.05), BMI 변화와 중성지방의 변화(r=0.374, p<0.01), 그리고 체중의 변화와 심근경색지수의 변화(r=-0.173, p<0.05)가 상대적으로 강한 상관성을 보였다. 허리 엉덩이둘레비 변화는 총 콜레스테롤 변화량과 양의 상관관계(r=0.162, p<0.05)를 보였지만 다른 혈청지질치들과는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 3. 생활습관의 변화를 보정하고도 중성지방은 체중 (r=0.262, p<0.01), BMI(r=0.267, p<0.01) Katsura 지수(r=0.258, p<0.01)와 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 심근경색지수의 변화는 체중(r=-0.143, p<0.05), BMI(r=-0.158, p<0.05), Katsura 지수(r=-0.144, p<0.05)와 유의한 음의 관련성이 있었다. 이 중 BMI가 가장 큰 상관계수 값을 보였다. 4. 1991년의 허리 엉덩이둘레비로 분류한 경우, 상체형 비만군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 HDL-콜레스테롤과 심근경색지수의 증가폭이 유의하게 더 낮았다(p<0.05). Katsura 지수의 경우도 유사한 결과를 보였다. BMI로 분류한 경우에도 역시 비만군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 HDL-콜레스테롤, 심근경색지수 값들의 증가폭이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05 또는 p<0.01). 중성지방은 BMI로 분류한 경우 비만한 군의 증가폭이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아, 성인 남성 근로자들에서 혈청 지질치 변화에 대한 비만도의 지표로는 BMI가 허리 엉덩이둘레비나 Katsura 지수보다 더 적절할 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between change in obesity indices and change in serum lipids in adult male workers. Two-hundred-eight adult male workers of an industry in Taegu city were followed-up from 1991 to 1995. Height, weight, circumferences of hip and waist, blood pressure were measured and serum lipids were analysed. Data on life style were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Mean differences of anthropometric measurements between 1991 and 1995 were as follows: 1.63kg in weight, 3.61cm in waist circumferences, 4.23cm in hip circumferences, $0.52kg/m^2$ in BMI and -0.021 in WHR. Those of lipids were as follows; 15.09mg/dl in total cholesterol, 20.43mg/dl in triglyceride, 9.40mg/dl in HDL-cholesterol, 2.87 in MI - index (p<0.01) and 350mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol. The changed value of BMI and Katsura index were strongly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.174, p<0.05), the changed value of BMI correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.374, p<0.01) and the changed value of weight correlated with that of MI index(r=-0.173, p<0.05). The changed value of WHR was signifiantly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.162, p<0.05), however, was not significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and MI index. The changed value of weight, BMI and Katsura index were correlated with that of triglyceride (r=0.262, p<0.01; r=0.267, p<0.01; r=0.258, p<0.01) and the changed value of MI index(r=0.143, p<0.05; r=-0.158; r=-0.144, p<0.01), adjusting the pattern of change in life style. The changed values of HDL - cholesterol and MI index between 1991 and 1995 in low WHR group were significantly higher than those in high WHR group(p<0.05, p<0.01), adjusting the baseline value of them. Similar pattern was observed when considering Katsura index. When stratifying by BMI value of 1991, in low BMI group, the changed value of HDL - cholesterol and MI index showed the same pattern as above, however that of triglyceride was statistically higher in obese group than in non obese group(p<0.05). In conclusion BMI might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids change than other obesity indices.

한국과 중국여성의 의회참여와 입법활동

하영애 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2012 평화학연구 Vol.13 No.4

The legislative process is essential for important policy making in democratic countries. Starting with the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, although it was agreed to increase the participation of women in politics in many countries, including Korea, through the adoption of goals for implementation and reform of systems for the promotion of women, the number of women representatives from China in fact decreased and there has been much effort to evaluate the situation in all sectors. In the political realm, the most pressing need is for equal representation of men and women in the legislature. This research is concerned primarily with the structural debate concerning the equal representation of men and women in the legislature, making a comparative study of the participation of women in the legislature and in the legislative process that looks at the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. Scholars have long argued for the need for a complete representation of both sexes in the legislature so as to assure that the legislative process and laws properly represent the people. This goal must be achieved through real parity in the number of men and women serving as representatives in the legislature. There are two ways to achieve true equal representation of men and womn in the legislature. The first way is to create an environment in which there is an equal representation of men and women among those elected. Or, alternatively, to make sure that the candidates for office represent a proper equity of number between men and women. In this study I have conducted an analysis of materials and statistics from five consecutive periods in politics concerning women legislatures in the Republic of Korea and the People’s Republic of China. The results of the research are as follows. First, regarding the number of women elected to the National Assembly in the Republic of Korea and the National People's Congress in the People's Republic of China, we note that when the Republic of Korea was founded, out of 200 seats one woman was elected. In effect women accounted for 0.5% of total number of seats. At the 18th assembly (2008), 42 of the total of 299 seats were held by women. That makes for an increase of 14.05% of the total number of seats. This increase was a result of women in the National Assembly working tirelessly to promote legal reform over the years, including the implementation of a quote system for women representatives. In the Chinese case, when the Chinese Communist Party held the first assembly of the National People's Congress in 1954, 12% of the representatives were women. That number continued to increase until it reached 22.6% at the 4th congress in 1975. However, the percent of women in the National People's Congress has gone down, however, in recent years, reaching a current figure of 21.35%. As a result, there have been recent calls from experts for improvement. When we consider the specific legislative activities that women legislators are involved in at present in the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China, we find that Korean women legislators have proposed and passed primarily laws concerning childcare, children, increasing women's status and social welfare whereas Chinese women legislators have proposed and passed laws related to social welfare, education, social and environmental issues and increasing the political representation of women. In the Chinese case, women legislators have made strong demands for an increase in representative seats for women in the legislature and throughout the government. Eventually General Secretary Jiang Zemin declared that the number of women representatives in the National People's Congress should not be allowed to fall below 22%. We should see in a very positive light the achievements of Chinese women legislators based on this remarkable achievement. In conclusion, the legislatures of both countries should continue to increase in num... 민주국가의 중요한 정책결정은 의회의 입법기능을 통해 이루어진다. 비록 1995년 세계여성대회개최와 이행조치, 그리고 제도개선의 영향으로 한국 등 다수국가에서는 여성들의 정치참여가 향상되기도 하였지만 중국여성대표의 수는 오히려 줄어들어 각계의 비평을 받고 있으며 정치에서의 양성평등은 시급하다. 본 연구는 의회에서의 남녀동수 구성논리에 중점을 두고 한국과 중국여성의 의회참여와 입법 활동을 연구한다. 남녀동수의석의 취지는 전체적으로 혼성인 국민을 표상하기위해서는 ‘국민의 대표’가 전체적으로 혼성이어야 한다는데 있다. 남녀동수참여는 두 방식으로 실현될 수 있는데, 그 첫 번째는 남녀동수의 당선자들을 구성하는 것이고, 두 번째는 남녀동수의 후보자를 공천하는 것이다. 본 연구는 양국여성의원들의 역대 자료통계를 분석하였으며 그 결과 다음 몇 가지를 도출하였다. 첫째, 한국과 중국여성의 의회참여의석은, 한국은 제헌국회에 200의석 중 1석으로 0.5%였으나 18대에 299 의석 중 42석을 확보하여 14.05%로 상승하였다. 이는 한국여성들은 법규개정을 위해 다양한 투쟁을 전개하여 ‘여성할당제’를 도입해내었으며, 중국은 공산당 중심의 일원제하에서 초대에 12%의 여성의석수를 확보하였고 점차 향상되어 제4대(1975년)에서는 22.6%까지 상승하였으나 최근에는 오히려 21.33%로써 과거보다 여성의석수가 감소하여 학계와 여성의원들의 비평이 높았다. 둘째, 양국여성의원들의 입법 활동을 고찰한 결과, 한국 국회여성의원들의 발의 내용은 영육아 및 아동, 여성권익향상, 사회복지 순으로 관심을 표출하고 있었다. 중국 여성인대대표의 의안발의는 사회분야, 교육, 사회복지, 선거대표권확대, 부녀권익 등의 활동을 한 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 중국여성의원들이 여성의석수 확보를 위해 의회에서 의안발의를 통해 강력히 촉구하고 마침내 강택민 중국정부의 최고책임자의 “22% 여성의석수 결정(名額化決定)” 획득한 것은 중국 여성의원들의 우수한 입법 활동으로 높이 평가할 수 있다. 끝으로, 한국 국회와 중국 전인대에 여성의원의 참여를 높이기위해서는 남녀동수 의석수제도를 과감히 도입해 볼 필요가 있다. 또한 다양한 교육훈련으로 여성정치 지도자를 양성함으로서, 더 많은 후보자와 당선자를 배출할 수 있을 것이다.