러시아어 명사구 위치에서 부정사절의 제약

추석훈 ( Suk Hoon Choo ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 러시아연구소 2006 슬라브연구 Vol.22 No.2

The Unity of Derived and Non-Derived Instrumental NPs in Russian

추석훈(Choo, Suk-Hoon) 한국동유럽발칸학회 2011 동유럽발칸학 Vol.13 No.2

이 논문은 러시아어 조격명사구를 수동태와 같은 통사작용을 통한 파생 조격명사구와 통사작용과 무관하게 기저기반에서 조격이 할당되는 비파생 조격명사구로 구분하여 살펴보고, 춈스키언 통사이론과 상관문법(relational grammar)이론을 토대로 분석하고자 한다. 비파생 조격명사의 예는 1) '순수한(pure)' 조격명사: On pišet levoj rukoj '그는 왼손으로 쓴다. 그는 왼손잡이다,' 2) 동사구를 수식하는 부사적 명사구: On uexal poezdom '그는 기차를 타고 떠났다'; On skakal volkom '그는 늑대처럼 뛰었다' 등이 있고, 파생 조격명사의 예는 1) 수동태 동작의 주체: Eta kniga byla napisana molodym moskovskim pisatelem '이 책은 젊은 모스크바 작가가 집필했다,' 2) 동사파생명사 동작의 주체: uničoženie goroda nemcem '독일인들의 도시파괴,' 3) 제 2술어: On prišel pervym '그가 맨 먼저 왔다' 등이 있다. 이 논문에서는 파생 조격명사와 비파생 조격명사 모두, 표면구조(surface structure)에서 동일한 통사적 형상적 위치(syntactic configurational positions)를 공유한다고 주장하고, 이 조격명사를 통합적으로 기술한다. 또한 본 논문은 Perlmutter (1983)가 제시한 the Relational Grammar notions of Advancement and Ascension에서 더 나아가 PredP를 소개한 Bailyn(2001)의 이론을 조격명사에 적용해 그 해법을 찾아보고자 한다. This paper examines the range of NPs in Russian which are marked with the Instrumental Case, and classifies them as derived (through syntactic operation such as passivization) or non-derived (assigned Instrumental case in their base-generated location, without any syntactic operation). It combines the framework of standard Chomskyan syntactic theory with insights derived from the theory of Relational Grammar. Chomskyan theory acknowledges the existence of "inherent case" (often referred to as "semantic case"), which can be seen in a variety of adverbial Instrumentals, such as pure instruments (On pišt levoj rukoj 'He writes with his left hand') or other adverbial NP modifiers of VP (On uexal poezdom 'He left by train'; On skakal volkom 'He leapt like a wolf"). Others have been frequently described in the literature as syntactically derived (passive agents: Eta kniga byla napisana molodym moskovskim pisatelem 'This book was written by a young Moscow writer'; agents with deverbal nominalizations: uničožnie goroda nemcem 'the destruction of the city by the Germans'; secondary predicates: On prišel pervym 'He came first', etc.). Others lack a clear analytical consensus, such as agent-like NPs (On rabotaet bibliotekarem 'He works as a librarian'), complements of copular and semi-copular verbs (On stal vračom 'He became a physician'). The paper proposes a unified description of these and other Instrumental NPs under which both derived and non-derived NPs occupy parallel syntactic configurational positions in surface structure. The analysis extends the Relational Grammar notions of Advancement and Ascension (Perlmutter 1983 et seq.) to co-exist with Bailyn's (2001) proposal of a PredP headed by a Pred element, often null, which Instrumental case to its complement.

러시아어 접미사 -ik 재 고찰

추석훈(Choo. Suk-hoon),황지영(Hwang. Ji-young) 한국동유럽발칸학회 2009 동유럽발칸학 Vol.11 No.1

파생어를 연구 대상으로 하는 조어론에 있어서 접미사에 의한 단어 파생 방법은 가장 대표적인 조어방법이라 할 수 있다. 이제까지의 기존 연구에서 다양한 접미사들이 자세히 다루어졌지만 현대 노어에서 명사 파생 접미사 중 매우 생산성이 높은 접미사 중 하나인 -ik는 기존 연구에서 자세히 다루어 지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 이 접미사에 대해 보다 체계적으로 연구하여, 그것의 생산성을 나타내고자 한다. 또한 접미사 -ik의 앞으로의 생산성을 예측하기 위한 모델 개발의 가능성을 제시하고자한다. 이를 위해 2장에서는 접미사 -ik와 형태적으로 연관성이 있는 접미사 -nik, -?ik/-??ik에 대한 기존 연구에 대해 살펴보고, 3장에서는 접미사 -ik에 의한 파생어를 조어사슬에 의해, 그리고 의미에 의해 분류한다. 또한, 4장에서는 3장에서의 귀납적인 연구 결과를 바탕으로 shaumyan의 연산생성모델에 적용하여, 각 의미에 해당하는 생산성 높은 모델을 제시한 뒤, 이에 대해 보다 발전된 모델 생성에 대해 가능성을 제시한다. Word-formation by adding suffixes is common methodology in the study of word-formation that investigates derivative or theoretical approaches to it. Up until now, there have been considerable studies about various suffixes. But it is hard to find researches and studies about '-ik', which is one of the most productive suffixes in modern Russian language. This article focuses on proving the productivity of the suffix '-ik' through case study research. Also, this article tries to provide possible prediction models for future productivity of the suffix '-ik'. Study cases about -ik related suffixes like -nik, -?ik/-??ik will be examined in chapter 2, and derivatives of '-ik' are categorized by word-formation chain and their meanings in chapter 3. In chapter 4,productive models for each meaning are introduced by method of scientific induction from chapter 3 based on AGM. In addition to the productive models, possibility of creating more advanced productive models is presented.

표준화 시험 FLEX 러시아어 문항의 변별도 분석

추석훈(Choo Suk Hoon) 한국노어노문학회 2009 노어노문학 Vol.21 No.4

본 논문은 표준화 시험 FLEX 러시아어 문항을 개별 분석하여 본 시험의 변별도에 영향을 주는 요인을 연구하는 논문으로 문항분석의 기제로 고전문항분석과 문항반응이론을 도입하였으며, 각 이론에 근거한 문항분석에 따른 변별도 결과의 상관관계를 파악하고 있다. 분석결과 듣기와 읽기, 각 영역에서 매력적인 오답, 특별한 문법 규칙과 익숙하지 않은 어휘들을 포함한 문항 등이 변별도에 상당히 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 분석 결과에 따른 변별도 상관관계 평균은 높은 수치인 .47로 산출되었다. 예상했던 바대로 몇 몇 개별문항에 있어서는 변별도 결과의 차이가 있었다. 본 논문은 분석의 결과와 함께 문항 출제자가 유의하여야 하는 주요한 사항들을 재확인 하고, 평가도구에 대한 후속 연구, 즉 검사지 동등화와 같은 분석을 통한 후속 연구에 대해서 제안하고 있다. The present article focuses on the study of identifying the variables that may affect the level of discrimination on the items of a standardized test between the results from classical item analysis and those from analysis based on IRT(item response theory). The data for the analysis were brought from FLEX(Foreign Language EXamination) Russian. The results indicate that attractive distracters, grammar with exceptional rules and unfamiliar words were noticeable variables that may have influenced the level of discrimination in the Listening and Reading Sections. The average correlations of the results between the two analyses were estimated as .47, which indicates a high level of correlation. As expected, there were discrepancies in case of some test items. This article also suggests that the examiners should have in mind when they crete testing items. More studies on FLEX are also suggested.

The Old Russian Copula byti "be" and the Auxiliary byti "be": One Lexeme or Two?

추석훈(Suk Hoon Choo) 언어과학회 2006 언어과학연구 Vol.36 No.-

양상 소사 было의 의미적, 통사적 연구

추석훈(Choo Suk hoon) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2004 슬라브학보 Vol.19 No.1

The Russian modal particle bylo presents an exceptionally interesting problem from the standpoint of formal, theoretical models of Russian grammar. Generally, we expect there to be some direct linkage between syntax and semantics. For example, if some formal syntactic mechanism, such as the negative functional head ne, triggers Genitive case assignment to direct objects via the Genitive of negation, then this feeds into a distinct semantic interpretation based on scope of negation, definiteness and specificity of the object NP, and various other effects. With the modal particle bylo, however, the semantics seems somewhat further removed from the formal aspect of the particle since its modal characteristics doesn't seem to be clearly explained syntactically in full representations of sentences. It presents a challenge to the adequacy of formal approaches to be able to cope with a more “difficult” semantic problem. The modality conveyed by bylo must be regarded as contextual, rather than limited morphosyntactically to the past-tense verb with which bylo is formally associated. It creates an aura of incompleteness that extends over the larger situation encompassing not only the immediate action expressed narrowly by the verb, but over directly associated and concomitant actions. It is the general failure to recognize this extended modal scope that has given rise to such description of bylo in chapter 3, which are vague and unhelpful. The relation of bylo to various other particle-like elements with essentially modal effect on the sentences confirms that bylo is different from other similar particles; when by is used with an auxiliary and an infinitive, its semantic scope is clearly limited to the auxiliary in the past tense, while the semantic scope of bylo is larger, including infinitive. In this respect, the negative functional head ne is very similar to bylo syntactically since the infinitive clause in the lower clause falls within the scope of negation, when an auxiliary verb is negated. They are semantically alike with respect to additive double negation: the result of combining bylo together with ordinary negation with ne is tantamount to double negation. In sum, bylo is a modal negative, yielding logical negation of the verbal situation, when viewed from the standpoint of the speaker's expectation about what is expected when the action of the verb is performed.

Korean Comics in Russia - Notes on Onomatopoeia and Mimesis

추석훈(Choo, Suk Hoon) 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2013 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.35 No.-

한국만화가 러시아에 소개된 것은 그리 오래되지 않았다. 러시아에서 만화는 20세기에 들어 빠른 속도로 발전했으나 제 2차 세계대전 이후 주춤했고, 페레스트로이카를 계기로 다시 고개를 들기 시작하다가 21세기에 들어서는 자국만화뿐만 아시아를 비롯한 타국만화도 광범위하게 소개되고 있다. 한국만화는 2007년부터 오프라인과 온라인을 통해 러시아에 소개되고 있으며, 다양한 장르의 만화들이 독자들, 특히 젊은 층에게 빠른 속도로 전파되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 러시아어로 번역된 (온라인, 오프라인) 한국만화의 흐름을 소개하고, 만화에서 텍스트로 소개되고 있는 의성어, 의태어들이 러시아어로 번역되는 여러 가지 양상에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 크게 정확한 번역, 대체, 음역 등으로 나타나는데, 특히 해당 언어간 어휘나 표현에 있어서의 양/질의 차이로 인해 정확한 번역이 어려울 경우 의미 확대, 의미 축소 등의 양상도 나타남을 발견할 수 있다. 러시아어 의성어, 의태어 사전은 러시아는 물론, 어느 나라에도 찾아 볼 수 없다. 본 논문의 부록에서는 해당 사전 편찬의 기초작업으로, 본 연구에서 다루고 있는 만화에 나오는 의성어, 의태어를 제시하고 있다. Korean comics have just entered Russia in very recent year. Comics in Russia were well developed in the first half of the 20th century, but after World War II and under the restrictions and censorship lasting for approximately 40 years until Perestroika, comics were rarely published. In the beginning of the 21st century, the situation in publishing and translating of foreign comics has rapidly changed: various genres of comics have been widely spread. In this paper, I examine Korean comics in Russia, translated into Russian both on-line and off-line. And then I survey a number of specific features that arise in the process of translation, and to focus on one of very interesting problems, the translation of onomatopoeia and mimesis in comics. Those are in large 1) exact translation, 2) substitution, and 3) transliteration. Korean comic books in Russia do not have a long history of distribution. As a result, the translation of Korean onomatopoeia/mimesis in comics into Russian also lacks any longstanding or well-established tradition. Because of this brief tradition, the methods of translating the same expressions inevitably vary.

A Stylistic Zero Sign : The Paradigmatics of Čexov's Prose Style

Choo Suk Hoon(추석훈) 한국노어노문학회 2004 노어노문학 Vol.16 No.2

고대 러시아어에서 대명사 영주어사용의 감소현상

추석훈(Choo Suk Hoon) 한국노어노문학회 2003 노어노문학 Vol.15 No.1

Within current syntactic theories, one of the main objects of investigation and sources of contention is the so-called pro-drop parameter. While there is considerable controversy surrounding the formulation of this parameter and its correlations with other syntactic and morphological parameters. the core of the phenomenon is the existence of rich system of verb agreement, such that most of the morphosyntactic features of the absent subject pronoun are retrievable from the verb morphology. In this sense, nobody would dispute that modern Russian is not a pro-drop language. i.e., in an unmarked discourse situation a speaker of Russian does not by default omit subject pronouns. Nor would anyone doubt that Old Russian is a pro-drop language. i.e., subject pronouns are omitted in the default discourse situation. In this regard, Old Russian is like the rest of the Slavic languages, and modern Russian displays an innovative loss of null pronominal subjects. The goal of this paper is to document the historical transition of Russian from the earlier state to the present state: when, how, and insofar as we can judge, why did it change when all its sister Slavic languages did not? Providing statistical information about null pronominal subjects, a series of case studies of individual texts is given. It is evident that the system of null pronominal subjects underwent a striking degradation during the second half of the 17th century. In other words, during a relatively short period in the 17th century the texts make the transition from the earlier, canonical "pro-drop"state wherein about 75-80% of pronominal subjects are null to essentially the modern state where only about 25% of them are null, the rest being overt. How is a difficult question to answer. However, the pattern of the loss of null subject pronouns shows us clearly that it was not an abrupt change in the language, but rather a phased increase in the frequency of overt vs. null pronouns over a relatively brief interval of time. Graphic comparison of the decline in null pronominal subjects with other changing parameters in the system of verbal morphology shows that there is a clear correlation between the phenomenon of morphological "richness" and the incidence of null vs. overt subject pronouns. These diachronic changes track each other fairly closely. Why is probably too ambitious a question for this or any other diachronic linguistic analysis to answer. Nonetheless, the strong correlation between the degradation in several factors contributing to the overall morphological richness of the verbal system and the decline in the frequency of null pronominal subjects is surely too solid to be a coincidence; there must be a causal relation. Of particular interest is the observation that while the loss of the agreeing copula in the present tense shows a strong, direct correlation to the loss of pro-drop, the loss of the homonymous auxiliary in the perfect (the only remaining productive preterite form in the latest texts examined) shows no clear correlation to the decline in pro-drop. This strongly suggests that "richness" is the relevant characteristic of the old Russian verbal system, rather than "uniformity per se.

The “Genitive Absolute” in Russian -Isolated and Unconditioned Expressions-

추석훈 ( Suk Hoon Choo ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 러시아연구소 2008 슬라브연구 Vol.24 No.2