Theoretical molecular aspects of colloidal calcium phosphate in bovine milk

최종우,Choi, Jong-Woo Institute of Agricultural Science 2011 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.38 No.3

A simplified model for the colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) nanocluster was developed from an active role of phosphate in the precipitation of casein (CN)/Ca mixtures and the composition of casein micelles (CM). The possible shape of the CCP nanocluster was selected as a tetrahedron, and we estimated that 4 CN molecules were involved in crosslinking a single CCP nanocluster. Similar values were obtained for the number of CN molecules involved in stabilizing the nanocluster when the number of CNs attached onto each nanocluster surface was deduced from the composition of CM. If one phosphoserine cluster consisted of 3 phosphoserine residues, the theoretical molecular weight and volume for the nanocluster were estimated to be 4,898 g/mol and 2.88 $nm^3$, respectively. It was also shown that the position of Ca present in our model were reasonably located to accommodate the serine phosphate in CN molecule.

Rennet-induced gels and their mechanical properties

최종우,Choi, Jong-Woo Institute of Agricultural Science 2011 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.38 No.4

Casein micelles are the basic building block of rennet-induced gels. The stiffness of these gels is increased with reaction time. This is probably due to the continuous participation of activated casein micelles into growing network. Dual binding model of casein micelles, which explains assembly of casein and colloidal calcium phosphate, can provides fairly reasonable explanation for the changes in mechanical properties of rennet-induced gels made from different milk pHs and varying colloidal calcium phosphates. The changes in stiffness of these gels would be used for controlling textural properties of cheeses.

담수양중(湛水壤中) Diazinon 과 Dursban 의 분해(分解)에 관(關)하여

최종우,이규승,Choi, Jong-Woo,Lee, Kyu-Seung 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

수도용(水稻用) 유기인계(有機燐系) 살충제중에서 조제형태(粗劑形態)로 널리 사용되는 Diazinon제와 Dursban제의 담수토양중(湛水土壤中)에서의 경시적(經時的) 분해(分解)정도를 비교(比較)하고, 아울러 살균(殺菌)과 비살균(非殺菌)토양을 비교하므로서 토양미생물(土壤微生物)에 의한 분해효과(分解效果)를 실험하였다. 아울러 두 약제의 분해대사산물을 GC/MS로 확인하였으며 중요한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 항온기(恒溫器$(30{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$)내에서 담수상태(湛水狀態)로 처리한 Diazinon제와 Dursban제의 경시적 변화는 비살균토양(非殺菌土壤)에서 보다 살균토양(殺菌土壤)에서 약 3배(培) 정도 지연되었으며, 따라서 미생물에 의한 분해를 확인할 수 있었다. 2. Diazinon제의 상용농도에서의 반감기는 2.2일이었으며, Dursban 제는 10.8일이었다. 상용농도의 3 배량 고농도 처리에서는 두 약제 모두 평균 1일정도 분해가 지연되었다. 3. Diazinon의 분해대사산물(分解代謝産物)로는 가수분해산물인 0, 0-diethyl phosphorothioate 와 이 화합물의 이량체(二量體)인 sulfotep, 그리고 monooxygenase 에 의한 분해대사물인 Diazoxon, 0,0-diethyl-0-[2-(1-hydroxy-1, 1-dimethyl)-6-methyl]-pyrimidinyl phosphorothioate 그리고 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-one 이 확인되었으며, Dursban 제의 대사산물로는 0, 0-diethyl phosphorothioate 만이 확인되어 주로 esterase 에 의한 분해가 주대 대사경로라고 밝혀졌다. The degradation of two chemicals seem to be clearly affected by soil microbial activity in submerged soil $conditions(30{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. The Active ingredient of Diazinon disappeared about 5 times faster than that of Dursban. By Applying 300% higher concentrations of both chemicals. under the above soil conditions, however, degradation was retarded by about one day. Some of the metabolites of Diazinon were as follows: 0.0-diethyl phosphorothioate and sulfotep as hydrolytic products, and diazoxon, 0.0-diethyl-0-[2-(1-hydroxy-1, 1-dimethyl)-6-methyl]-pyrimidinyl phosphorothioate and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-one as degradation products of monooxygenase. But 0. 0-diethyl phosphorothioate was the only methabolite of Dursban.

충남지역(忠南地域) 논토양중 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 농약(農藥)의 잔류수준(殘留水準)

최종우,이규승,이중길,노길봉,Choi, Jong-Woo,Lee, Kyu-Seung,Lee, Jung-Kil,Noh, Kil-Bong 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

1986.3.20∼4.6 사이에 충남(忠南)의 대덕(大德), 공주(公州), 금산(錦山), 논산(論山) 및 연기군(燕岐郡) 등 5개 지역(地域)에서 총(總) 108점(點)의 논토양을 채취하여 19종(種), 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 농약(農藥)을 대상으로 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 조사(調査)하였으며, 중요한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 모두 12종(種)의 농약성분을 검출(檢出)하였으며, 검출빈도는 P.P'-DDE (67.6%), ${\gamma}-BHC$(54.8%), ${\gamma}-chlordane$(50.9%), 그리고 ${\alpha}-BHC$(47.1%)의 순(順)이었고, 평균잔류량(平均殘留量)은 ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDD와 P.P'-DDE가 0.001ppm 수준이었다. 2. 검출시료의 평균잔류수준은 ${\beta}$-BHC가 0.001ppm, ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDT, O.P'-DDT 및 P.P'-DDD가 모두 0.002ppm 수준이었다. 3. 이상(以上)의 결과에서 볼 때, ${\beta}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$ 및 DDT의 대사산물(代謝産物)의 잔류성(性)이 비교적 길은 것으로 나타났으나 전반적(全般的)인 잔류수준은 높지 않은 것으로 평가(評價)할 수 있다. Residues of some organo-chlorine pesticides on 108 solis collected from 5 sites of Chungnam avea during March 20-April 6, 1986 were investigated. 12 different kinds of Chemical components were detected showing the highest detection frequency with P.P'-DDE(67.6%) and the lowest with Heptachlor(1.8%). 4 different chemicals, ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDD and P.P'-DDD and P.P'-DDE showed their average contents in the soils of 0.001 ppm and 0.005ppm for ${\beta}-BHC$, respectively. On the other hand, ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-chlordane$, P.P'-DDT. O.P'-DDT and P.P'-DDD showed 0.002ppm for their average contents of residues, respectively.

기존의 창상봉합과 Histoacryl Blue^®를 이용한 창상봉합의 비교 분석: 전향적 무작위 임상실험

최종우,현경배,김용욱,박병윤,Choi, Jong Woo,Hyun, Kyung Bae,Kim, Yong Oock,Park, Beyoung Yun 대한성형외과학회 2005 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.32 No.1

Tissue adhesives have gained popularity for quicker and painless closure of lacerations. The use of tissue glue is currently popular for the closure of superficial lacerations, especially in children. Histoacryl $Blue^{(R)}$(2-N-butylcyanoacrylate) is a topical wound closure that precludes the need for foreign bodies to close wounds. The purpose of this study was to compare the applications of Histoacryl $Blue^{(R)}$(HAB) and conventional suture, regarding cosmetic outcome. To compare the short term and long term results of various repair methods, we designed the prospective, randomized, blind study. Patients with laceration undergoing repair were randomly allocated to conventional suture, subcutaneous suture plus HAB, and HAB only groups. The exclusion criterions were large wound that require large tension for repair or avulsion wound. An independent, blinded observer assessed cosmetic result at 7-10 days after repair and 3-9 months postoperatively. Physician's satisfaction with wound appearance was recorded on 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)(0=worst, 100=best). The difference in VAS score between conventional suture method and subcutaneous suture plus HAB methods were not significant. Tissue glue being easy to use with no complications and still resulting in equivalent cosmetic outcomes has several benefits. Especially in the case of children, the wound closure with Histoacryl $Blue^{(R)}$ could be a good alternative for repair of laceration in emergency room.

혈소판유래 및 상피성장인자가 치주조직재생에 미치는 영향

최종우,이만섭,권영혁,박준봉,허익,임상철,Choi, Jong-Woo,Lee, Man-Sup,Kwon, Young-Hyuk,Park, Joon-Bong,Herr, Yeek,Lim, Sang-Cheol 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.3

6 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study, Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars bilaterally, PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF and PDGF-BB only were applied in the right and left premolars respectively. 2 animals were sacrificed at 4weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, after regenerative surgery respectively. Semi-thin sections using glass-knife were stained with toluidine blue for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was thriving, but bone formation in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site was depressed. 2. Bony ankylosis was surely shown along the whole exposed root surface applied with PDGF-BB, but it was shown at the root surface near the base of the bone defect where was applied with PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF. 3. Active bone formation was made from 8 weeks after regenerative surgery in the PDGF-BB- and-EGF-applied site. 4. Bone maturity as well as speed of bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was superior to those in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site throughout the whole experimental period. Within the above results, PDGF-BB had the strong capability to form the new bone and EGF was not able to prevent the bony ankylosis thoroughly. However, EGF may have the possibility to prevent the bony ankylosis through the suppression of bone formation.

PI속도제어기에서의 새로운 적분누적 방지기법

崔鐘宇(Jong-Woo Choi),李尙哲(Sang-Cheol Lee) 대한전기학회 2005 전기학회논문지 B Vol.54 No.12

대기 환경 중 키랄 유기염소계 농약의 분포 특성

최종우 ( Jong Woo Choi ),김금희 ( Kum Hee Kim ),황승률 ( Seung Ryul Hwang ),이규승 ( Kyu Seung Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.3

BACKGROUND: The analysis for the concentration and enantiomeric ratio of OCPs have been performed to confirm the distribution and to emonstrate the pollution characteristics of chiral OCPs in ambient air. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ambient air at coastal and inland sites, concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of heptachlor (HEPT), eptachlor epoxide (HEPX), trans-chlordane (TC), cis-chlordane (CC), xychlordane (OXY), 2,4`-DDT, 2,4`-DDD with HRGC/HRMS were investigated to understand source and distribution of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ambient air. The mean concentrations of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.027(heptachlor)∼1.279 (4,4`-DDT) pg/m3 and 0.0005 (heptachlor)∼0.1043 ng/g d.w. (TC), respectively, The mean EFs of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.73 (HEPX)∼0.45 (CC). Both preferential depletions of (+) and (-) enantiomer were observed for CC, indicated by EFs either <0.5 or >0.5, while preferential depletions of (-) enantiomer which mean EFs <0.5 were observed for chiral OCPs except TC and MC-5. CONCLUSION: OCPs in ambient air have been distributed from soil, but some of them such as chlordane, DDT etc. might have been introduced by long-range atmospheric transport, considering EFs by chiral analysis and trajectory analysis.

소프트웨어 요구사항 분류체계를 이용한 효율적인 아키텍처 패턴 적용에 관한 연구

최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ),민상윤 ( Sang Yoon Min ) 한국정보처리학회 2023 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.12 No.7

다양한 산업에 영향을 미치고 있는 소프트웨어의 규모와 복잡도가 높아지면서 소프트웨어 아키텍처의 역할이 매우 중요해지고 있다. 소프트웨어 아키텍트는 이러한 아키텍처를 설계할 때 종종 경험적 직관에 의존한다. 그럼에도 아키텍처 설계에 관한 방법론이 다양하게 연구되고 있으나, 시스템에 여러 아키텍처 패턴(architectural pattern)을 적용하는 구체적인 방법이나 적용 순서에 따른 효과에 관해서는 다루고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 먼저, 같은 아키텍처 패턴 세트(set)를 동일 시스템에 적용할 때, 적용 순서에 따른 아키텍처 설계 결과의 상이성에 관해 설명한다. 이러한 현상적 논리를 바탕으로 아키텍처 패턴 적용이 필요한 요구사항들을 사전에 식별하고, 적용할 패턴을 분류하는 방안을 제시한다. 또한 분류한 패턴들을 효율적으로 적용하기 위해 적용 순서를 정할 수 있도록 요구사항의 우선순위를 정하는 절차를 제안하며 사례연구를 통해 아키텍처 패턴유형을 기반으로 요구사항을 우선순위화하는 것이 품질 속성 측면에서 효율적인 소프트웨어 아키텍처 설계에 도움이 됨을 보인다. As software grows continuously in scale and complexity, the role of software architecture has become increasingly important across various industries. Although software architects often rely on their experience and intuition when designing such architecture, there is a variety of methodologies being researched for architecture design. However, these methodologies do not address the specific effects of applying multiple architectural patterns to a system or the sequence in which they should be applied. In this study, we explain the variation in architectural design results depending on the order in which the same set of architectural patterns is applied to a single system. Based on this phenomenon, we identify requirements for applying architectural patterns and propose a method of classifying the patterns to be applied. We also propose a prioritization process for requirements to efficiently apply the classified patterns in a specific order. Finally, we show a case study that prioritizing requirements based on architectural pattern types is beneficial for efficient software architecture design in terms of quality attributes.

불균형 데이터 처리를 통한 소프트웨어 요구사항 분류 모델의 성능 개선에 관한 연구

최종우 ( Jong-woo Choi ),이영준 ( Young-jun Lee ),임채균 ( Chae-gyun Lim ),최호진 ( Ho-jin Choi ) 한국정보처리학회 2023 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.12 No.7

자연어로 작성되는 소프트웨어 요구사항은 이해관계자가 바라보는 관점에 따라 의미가 달라질 수 있다. 품질 속성 기반으로 아키텍처 설계시에 품질 속성별로 적합한 설계 전술(Tactic)을 선택해야 효율적인 설계가 가능해 품질 속성 요구사항의 정확한 분류가 필요하다. 이에 따라 고비용 작업인 요구사항 분류에 관한 자연어처리 모델이 많이 연구되고 있지만, 품질 속성 데이터셋(dataset)의 불균형을 처리해 분류 성능을 개선하는 주제는 많이 다루고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 실험을 통해 분류 모델이 한국어 요구사항 데이터셋을 자동으로 분류할 수 있음을 보인다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 EDA(Easy Data Augmentation) 기법을 통한 데이터 증강과 언더샘플링(undersampling) 전략으로 품질 속성 데이터셋의 불균형을 개선할 수 있음을 설명하고 요구사항의 카테고리 분류에 효과가 있음을 보인다. 실험 결과 F1 점수(F1-Score) 기준으로 최대 5.24%p 향상되어 불균형 데이터 처리 기법이 분류 모델의 한국어 요구사항 분류에 도움이 됨을 확인할 수 있다. 또한, EDA의 세부 실험을 통해 분류 성능 개선에 도움이 되는 데이터 증강 연산에 관해 설명한다. Software requirements written in natural language may have different meanings from the stakeholders’ viewpoint. When designing an architecture based on quality attributes, it is necessary to accurately classify quality attribute requirements because the efficient design is possible only when appropriate architectural tactics for each quality attribute are selected. As a result, although many natural language processing models have been studied for the classification of requirements, which is a high-cost task, few topics improve classification performance with the imbalanced quality attribute datasets. In this study, we first show that the classification model can automatically classify the Korean requirement dataset through experiments. Based on these results, we explain that data augmentation through EDA(Easy Data Augmentation) techniques and undersampling strategies can improve the imbalance of quality attribute datasets, and show that they are effective in classifying requirements. The results improved by 5.24%p on F1-score, indicating that handling imbalanced data helps classify Korean requirements of classification models. Furthermore, detailed experiments of EDA illustrate operations that help improve classification performance.