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12% 크롬 로우터 강에서 응고속도와 가공조건이 미세 조직에 미치는 영향
최재영,강석봉,이래성 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1989 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The influence of solidification rates on the morphology and distribution of δ-ferrite and eutectic niobium carbides was studied using Bridgman-type unidirectional solidification apparatus in order to simulate the solidification pattern of a large-scale ingot of 12% chromium rotor steel. The volume fractions of the δ ferrite contained in the specimens solidified with the withdrawal speeds of 225 ㎜/hr, 45 ㎜/hr, and 4.5 ㎜/hr were measured to be 7%, 5%, and 30% respectively. δ-ferrite was finely distributed in the case of the withdrawal speeds of 225 ㎜/hr and 45 ㎜/hr, but the distribution was coarse network type in the case of the withdrawal speed of 4.5 ㎜/hr. When hot compressive working was applied in temperatures from 950℃ to 1250℃, 3-ferrite was transformed into carbides and austenite at the interface of δ-ferrite with the matrix. Subsequent heat treat melts result in a complete annihilation of δ-ferrite in the case of fast withdrawal speeds, but result in only a partial annihilation in the ca -e of the slow withdrawal speed, 4.5 ㎜/hr.
최재영,박미정 중국학연구회 2011 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.58
本文對于《兒女英雄傳》中出現的“要”、“要得”、“想要”、“待”、“待要”、 “欲”、“欲待”、“肯”、“敢”等詞進行了全面的考察,試圖揭示它們的詞性、使用情 況和演變。考察結果如下: 第一、“要”、“待”、“欲”、“肯”、“想要”、“待要”、“欲待”等詞可看成意志類助動詞,“要得”可看成動詞兼連詞,而“敢”可看成心理動詞。 第二“要”、“待”、“欲”、“肯”、“想要”、“待要”、“欲待”的出麵率如下: 要(1270) >肯(175) >想要(24) >待要(19) >欲⑼ > 待⑻ > 欲待⑸ 可見在《兒女英雄傳》里表示意志的助動詞當中使用頻率最多的是“要”,而具有同樣用法的其他助動詞使用的極少。“肯”雖排在第二位,但它的語義跟其他助動詞有所不同,不能一槪而論。這種現象可以用“專門化(Specialization)”這一語法化原則來解釋,卽《兒女英雄傳》中有“要”、“待”、“欲”等幾種意志類助動詞,而表示意志的助動詞逐漸由“要”來替代,這種趨勢在現代漢語當中可以找到其結果。