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崔承奭 청주대학교 기업경영학연구소 1982 經營學論集 Vol.4 No.-
When the initial state and Matrix of transition probability in Markov chain are given, The state probability after n-step can be Computated by Chapman-Kolmogorov equation or Matrix operations. But when n is increased, the Computation is not easy and the state propability after n step is not accuracy on account of error. In this thesis, using Z transformation, we can Computated Pⁿ easily and exactly.
최승석 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.4
Purpose: We experienced a patient with posttraumatic duplication of the sternoclavicular joint causing a protruding deformity, whose major complaint was aesthetic. The patients history, radiologic findings, and surgical treatment are reported.Methods: A 41-year-old bus driver complained a bony prominence at the left medial clavicle, which had developed after a fracture. The patient was annoyed by the protrusion, which was even visible, when he was wearing a pullover. A three dimensional CT scan showed that the medial head was split into two portions, of which the anterior portion was protruding. In general anesthesia the anterior portion of the medial head was excised.Results: The bony prominence was corrected successfully. Follow up three dimensional CT scans showed that the anterior cortex of the clavicle had regenerated completely at the resection line one year after the operation.Conclusion: Surgical interventions for complications after clavicular fracture are usually carried out, only if there is a limitation of function or if it is painful. We report of a patient with posttraumatic bifurcation of the medial clavicular head, most probably caused by malunion. Upon the patient's request, the deformity causing protrusion of the medial clavicular area was successfully resected for cosmetic reasons.
최승석,유석근 대한성형외과학회 2002 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.29 No.6
Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor featuring endothelial cells. Angiosarcoma have four clinical manifestations that are angiosarcoma in the scalp and face, angiosarcoma in chronic lymphedematous areas, angiosarcoma in previously irradiated sites and malignant angioendothelioma. The most common lesions are those that occur in the scalp and in the face of elderly people. The male to female ratio is 2:1. In my case, a 65-years-old male presented progressively growing tumor on the left frontal scalp. The tumor began as an ill-defined bluish macule, which was initially mistaken for an old bruise. The rapidly growing lesion extended to form violaceousm compressible and hemorrhagic plaques. The mass was 6×4.5cm in size.Distinguishing features are the frequent occurrence of a peripheral erythematous ring, satellite nodules, the presence of intratumoral hemorrhage, and the tendency to bleed spontaneously, or after minimal trauma. Histologically the tumor comprised anaplastic pleomorphic endothelial cells with new vascular channels and irregular vascular spaces lined by plump endothelial cell's stroma among them. The lesion was diagnosed as angiosarcoma. No metastasis to other organs were found as evaluated by chest CT, bone and liver scan. We performed wide excision, skin graft, bilateral transposition flap, chemotherapy and radiation. The tumor was recurred at 4 months after surgical excision and with metastasis to the lung. The progress was characterized by an extremely rapid growth accompanied by distant metastasis. Surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy having no effect on the final outcome, the patient died 7 months after diagnosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ladder-like Structured Polysilsesquioxane with Carbazole Group
최승석,Albert S. Lee,백경열,최동훈,황승상 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.3
Poly(propyl carbazole silsesquioxane) (PPCSQ) with a high molecular weight (M_w = 10,200) was synthesized by the direct hydrolysis of 9-[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl]-9H-carbazole with K_2CO_3, followed by a condensation reaction in an H_2O/dimethylformamide (DMF) mixture solvent at 25℃. The obtained PPCSQ consisted of ladder-like structured siloxane bonds with carbarzole groups as the pendant group, where the distance between two carbarzole pendant groups through the siloxane backbone was 15.6 Å and the mean thickness of the siloxane backbone was 4.3 Å. This PPCSQ was thermally stable up to 450 ℃ and the glass transition temperature was ca. 95 ℃,showing good film formablity by spin casting.
최승석 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.8 No.2
Purpose: Lipomas of the skin are one of the most frequently encountered tumors in plastic surgical practice. Huge lipomas of all areas of the body have been described. Large lipomas of the face, however, are not so common. We report on the treatment of a huge lipoma of the forehead causing distortion of the eyebrows. Methods: A 55 year old man was referred to our department by the neurosurgeons. He was primarily admitted for removal of a meningioma of the left frontal lobe of his brain. More striking was a huge protruding mass of 75x60x30mm covering almost the whole left half of his face's upper third and displacing his left eyebrow downward by almost 1cm. MRI showed a large lipoma, which caused 3cm anterior protrusion of the overlying skin. A meningioma of the left frontal lobe was also seen. The lipoma was removed via an external approach. Before closure of the skin a 3.5 cm wide strip of muscle and skin was resected. The multilobulated specimen was covered by a thin capsule and weighed 95g. The pathologist diagnosed it as benign lipoma. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. At 11 months after the operation the resulting scar was inconspicuous, the position of the eyebrows was almost symmetric and a symmetric brow elevation was observed. Conclusion: We describe the largest facial lipoma reported in the recent literature. By using an open approach, skin excision and redraping, we achieved an aesthetically satisfactory outcome.