누가복음 11:5-8의 한밤중의 세 친구 비유 이해 - ἀναίδεια의 이중적 기능

최선범(Choi, Sun-Bum J.) 한국신약학회 2020 신약논단 Vol.27 No.3

본 논문은 누가복음 11:5-8의 한밤중의 세 친구 비유가 이중적 의미와 교훈을 준다는 것을 지적한다. 학자들은 ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ의 의미를 이분법적으로 집 밖에서 떡을 요청하는 사람의 관점에서 이해하든지 아니면 방안에 있는 사람의 입장에서 “수치”를 “명예”로 이해했다. 그 결과로 일부 학자들은 ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ/는 집 밖에 서서 있는 사람의 “간청함”으로 이해하고 다른 학자들은 집 안에 있는 사람의 “수치” 또는 “명예”로 이해했다. 그러나 ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ를 “부끄러움 없음”이란 사전적 의미로 이해하던 “명예”로 해석하던 관계없이 집 밖에 있는 사람과 방 안에 있는 사람에게 동일하게 적용했을 가능성이 있다. 한편으로 한밤중의 세 친구 비유는 방안에 있는 사람이 자신의 명예를 보존하기 위하여 집 밖에 있는 사람의 요구를 들어주어야 한다는 것을 지적한다. 다른 한편으로 이 비유는 방안에 있는 사람이 집 밖에 있는 사람의 명예를 지켜주기 위하여 떡을 줄수밖에 없다는 것을 강조한다. 그러므로 누가복음 11:5-8의 비유는 기도자가 응답이 지연될 때 지속해서 간청해야 할 것을 권면하는 것과 하나님이 자신의 신실한 성품과 명예를 유지하기 위해서 믿는 자의 기도에 응답하신다는 교훈을 준다. In this article I demonstrate that the parable of three friends at midnight in Luke 11:5-8 employs an ambiguous word, ἀναίδεια which has a dual function to give instruction on how to pray. As a result of dichotomous readings, ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ is taken as referring to either the persistence of the person standing outside the house or the shamelessness of the person in the house. But it is possible to apply this word equally to both the person outside the house and the person inside the house. Thus, on the one hand, the parable of three friends at midnight indicates that the person in the house must respond to the needs of the person outside the house in order to preserve his own honor. On the other hand, this parable emphasizes that the person in the house has to give bread in order to protect the honor of the person outside the house. Therefore, the parable of three friends at midnight in Luke 11:5-8 encourages believers to be persistent in their prayers until they are answered. At the same time, it also teaches that God gracefully answers the prayers of believers even in order to maintain God’s faithful character and honor.

하나의 원류, 다양한 수용: 중국 당대(唐代) 보리서상(菩提瑞像)과 통일신라 석굴암 본존불

최선아 ( Sun Ah Choi ) 미술사와 시각문화학회 2013 미술사와 시각문화 Vol.12 No.-

This paper examines how the famous Buddha statue at the Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya, India was differently understood and replicated in Tang China and Unified Silla Korea during the late seventh and eighth centuries. Witnessed by the Chinese pilgrim monk Xuanzang (ca. 602-664) in around 635, the image at the Mahabodhi Temple became a famous object since he returned to China in 645. His travelogue, Da Tang xiyu ji (Record of the Western Regions in the Great Tang), served as the main source of information on the image, triggering a number of travelers to Bodhgaya in the following decades. One of the results of such travels was the importation of sketches and replicas of the image to China by pilgrims and travelers on their way back, as recorded in several writings of the late seventh century. Presumably due to such transmissions, we witness an explosive emergence of the Buddha statues in bhumisparsa mudra in China from the late seventh century, most of which were made modeled after the Bodhgaya statue. Furthermore, the same type of Buddha image appeared in Korea at least from the late seventh century, about which many scholars have understood as the impact of Bodhgaya on Silla directly, or indirectly through China. This paper focuses on two of such replications made in China and Korea respectively. The Chinese case is known as the “Auspicious Image of Bodhgaya/Bodhi Tree” by inscription, and the Korean example is located in the well-known stone grotto Seokguram in Gyeongju. Although the two statues have been regarded as close replications of the image at the Mahabodhi temple sharing the distinctive hand gesture (bhumisparsa mudra), a mudra displayed by the Indian image, their details are significantly different: the Chinese example is heavily decorated with various ornaments such as necklace, bracelet, and a crown, all directly carved on the body, whereas the one at Seokguram is without such jewelry. This paper starts with the question of in what ways the two examples, despite its formal disparities, claim their resemblance to the prime object. Investigating different cultural circumstances under which the two statues were created and different focuses with which the two establish special connection to the prime object (ornamentation and size respectively), it delves into theoretical issues including transmission, influence, replication, reception, and subjectivity, issues that have occupied the main stream in the study of Chinese and Korean Buddhist art.

사상성 조류매트 산화지의 수질정화효율

최선화 ( Choi Sun-hwa ),장정렬 ( Jang Jeong-ryeol ),안열 ( Ahn Yeul ) 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

This study was carried out to evaluate of water purification in oxidation pond with filamentous algae mat. It is the water treatment process in the small rural streams to remove the organic materials and nutrients. We used the filamentous algae mat(FAM) which selectively predominate the filamentous algae to prevent the additional contamination by algae outflow. The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in Oxidation Pond with Filamentous Algae Mat were -2.5%, 84.7%, 63.9% and 89.2%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P which are nutrients index were high. Results of this study would help us to determine the possibility of using the water treatment on the contaminated small rural streams.

서양 중세 음악에 영향을 미친 세파르디(Sefardi) 음악에 관한 연구

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ) 한국음악학회 2007 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.39 No.-

주오염원별 농업용저수지의 장기 수질특성변화

최선화 ( Choi Sun-hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho-il ),윤경섭 ( Yoon Kyung-seup ),박종민 ( Park Jong-min ) 한국농공학회 2002 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2002 No.-

This study has been carried out to analized of long term changes of water quality with regard to main pollutant sources in agricultural reservoirs on the basis of data during 1996-2001. The major source was domestic wastewater(DWW) and water pollution by non-point sources(NPS) is increasing as time goes. It was determined that Seasonly average values of DWW were pH 7.6~8.7, COD 7.0~9.4, T-N 0.74~2.07, T-P 0.05~0.62, Live-stock wastewater(LWW) were pH 7.5~8.9, COD 5.5~9.8, T-N 0.57~1.91 , T-P 0.04~0.13, NPS were pH 7.1~8.3, COD 3.1~5.2, T-N 0.29~1.44, T-P 0.02~0.07. Fluctuation of DWW and LWW were very wide and variable long term patterns of them were similar. Trophic states by Carlson Index of DWW and LWW was classified as eutrophic to hypretrophic from chl-a, T-P concentration.

관개용수 pH가 벼 생육, 수량, 미질에 미치는 영향(I)

최선화 ( Choi Sun Hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho Il ),안열 ( An Yeul ),허유만 ( Huh Yoo Man ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the pH of irrigation water on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. It acquire fundamental know ledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments using irrigation waters with various pH values(control, 4, 6, 8, 10) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that the uptake of N, P, and K, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice tended to be reduced at the irrigation water of pH 4 and pH 10. P uptake, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice at pH 4 water were significantly lower than the control. K uptake at pH 10 water was significantly lower than the control. Plant height, SPAD value and protein content of rice were not affected by the pH of irrigation water.

농업용수 수질기준 T-P 항목에 대한 검증실험 (I)

최선화 ( Choi Sun Hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho Il ),윤경섭 ( Yoon Kyung Seup ),이봉훈 ( Lee Bong Hun ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of T-P concentrations in irrigation water on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. It acquire fundamental knowledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments using irrigation waters. It consisted of various total phosphorus concentrations(control, I, 2, 5, 10mg/L) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that as T-P concentrations in irrigation water increases, plant height tended to increase. Dry weight of rice plant at T-P 10mg/L was significantly higher than the control. However, T-P in irrigation water did not affect plant height, tiller number, plant dry weight, yield, and quality of rice.

문인지식층과 출판문화에 대한 연구

최선아(Choi, Sun-Ah) 서원대학교 직지문화산업연구소 2017 湖西文化論叢 Vol.26 No.-

서적은 인류가 그림과 글자를 이용하여 경험을 축적하고 계승하는 수단에서 나타난 ‘최고의 선물’로 여겨진다. 책을 이용한 지식의 계승과 확산은 국가와 민족의 수준과 운명을 좌우하였다. 수많은 민족과 국가가 고대에 나타났으나 순조롭게 중세로 계승하지 못하고 소멸하였다. 원인은 여러 가지이겠으나 서적의 간행을 통하여 경험을 축적하고 발전시키지 못했기 때문이었다. 한국은 중세에 선진적인 수준의 간행기술을 달성했고, 근세에 이르도록 서적을 이용하여 경험을 계승하고 이를 확산하는 뛰어난 능력을 나타냈다. 유럽의 경우 중세에 수도원을 통해 정립된 서적문화는 종이와 목판 인쇄술을 만나 큰 변화를 일으켰고 이러한 움직임에 ‘르네상스’라는 유럽의 지적운동이 자극을 주었다. 이탈리아에서 출발하여 유럽 전체로 확산된 ‘르네상스’는 고전에 대한 관심과 인간의 지적 능력, 교육의 중요성에 대한 열광적인 반응을 불러일으켰다. 그리고 교회 내에서 발생한 종교 개혁 운동과 르네상스 운동이 촉진시킨 문자 문화와 서적에 대한 관심은 구텐베르크의 활판인쇄술로 폭발적인 효과를 보인 것이다. 이처럼 출판문화는 교육의 보급과 종교개혁 나아가서는 문예부흥의 길을 잇게 하였으며, 근대 사회를 형성하는데 결정적인 작용을 하였다. 이 논문에서는 한국사와 유럽사에 나타난 출판문화와 문인지식층을 비교사적인 입장에서 고찰함으로써, 세계사적 관점에서 인류의 출판 문화와 지식의 상관관계를 살펴보고자 한다. A book is regarded as "the best gift," which was shown in a means that humankind builds up and succeeds to the experience through using pictures and letters. The succession and the spread of knowledge using a book affected a level and a fate of a state and a nation. Numerous nations and states appeared in ancient times, but ceased to exist with failing to be smoothly continued to medieval times. A cause might be several, but was that the experience failed to be accumulated and developed through publishing a book. Korea accomplished the publishing technology at the advanced level in the Middle Ages, and showed excellent ability of inheriting experience and spreading this through using books up until modern times. In case of Europe, the book culture, which was established through an abbey in the Middle Ages, brought about a great change by which paper and wood-block printing meet. This movement was stimulated by the intellectual movement in Europe called ‘Renaissance.’ ‘Renaissance,’ which was disseminated throughout the whole Europe with starting from Italy, stirred up an enthusiastic reaction to an interest in classics, to a human being"s intellectual ability, and to importance of education. And an interest in the letter culture and book, which was facilitated by the evangelical movement and the Renaissance movement that took place within a church, showed an explosive effect with Gutenberg"s typography. In this way, the publication culture paved the way for the diffusion of education, the religious reformation, and further the Renaissance, and had a decisive action in forming modern society. This study aims to examine a correlation between publication culture and knowledge in humankind from the viewpoint of world history through considering the publication culture and the literal intellectual class, which were shown in Korean history and European history, from the position based on historical comparison.

창업가의 인적자본과 자기효능감 및 창업보육센터 매니저 지식역량이 성과에 미치는 영향: 입주기간의 조절효과

최선화(Sun-hwa Choi),김재명(Jai-Myoung Kim),박상문(Sang-Moon Park) 한국창업학회 2019 한국창업학회 Conferences Vol.2019 No.1

본 연구는 국내 창업보육센터에 입주한 창업가들의 자기효능감과 인적자본 및 창업보육센터 매니저의 지식역량이 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 입주기간의 조절효과를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 선행연구들에서 창업기업들은 창업초기 자원부족의 어려움을 극복하기 위해 창업보육센터 입주하여 창업보육센터 매니저들의 지식과 도움을 받을 때 초기 자원부족 문제를 해결하고 성공적으로 기회를 추구할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 그러나, 창업기업들의 보육센터 입주기간에 따른 BI매니저들의 지식역량이 영향차이에 대한 연구는 미흡하였다. 본 연구에서는 창업보육센터 입주기업들을 대상으로 한 자료조사를 바탕으로 분석한 결과,창업가의 자기효능감과 인적자본 및 창업보육센터 매니저의 지식역량은 입주기간에 따라 성과에 상이한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 창업가의 인적자본은 입주기간이 길수록성과와의 관계에 긍정적인 조절효과를 보이나 창업가의 자기효능감은 입주기간에 따른 조 절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 반면, BI매니저의 지식역량은 입주기간이 길수록 성과간의 관계에 부정적인 조절효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 창업초기 내부자원과 특성과 창업보육센터 매니저 지식역량과 같은 외부자원의 활용이 입주기간에 따라 상이하게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 마지막으로 창업초기 창업기업들의 초기성과와 창업보육센터 역할에 대한 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. This paper examines the moderating effects of incubation time on the relationships between entrepreneurial human capital, self-efficacy, and BI manager’s knowledge on performances. In previous studies, entrepreneurs found that they were able to solve the initial shortage of resources and pursue opportunities successfully when they got the knowledge and help from the incubator managers in the incubation center to overcome resource constraints. Based on survey data on entrepreneurial tenants in business incubators, we find moderating effects of incubation time on the effects of entrepreneurial human capital, self-efficacy, and BI manager’s knowledge on performances. Finally we suggest some theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurship research and policies to support entrepreneurs.

LIGASTIC 인공인대를 이용한 급성 견봉 쇄골 탈구의 수술적 치료

최선진(Sun Jin Choi),박한성(Han Sung Park),김상효(Sang Hyo Kim) 대한견주관절의학회 2005 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.8 No.2