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해외 탄소중립 캠퍼스 사례 분석 - 미국 종합대학 사례를 중심으로 -
조혜원,하지훈,김현지,정민영,윤제용 적정기술학회 2024 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.10 No.1
This study aims to contribute to the spread and promotion of discussions on carbon-neutral campuses by examining cases of carbon-neutral campus development in major universities in the United States (Harvard, MIT, Stanford, UC Berkeley). To achieve this, an analysis was conducted on the carbon emissions status, carbon-neutral campus goals and strategies, emission quantification status, and progress of each university. The background for achieving carbon-neutral campuses at each university was explored, and the possibility of adoption in domestic universities was investigated. The universities effectively reduced greenhouse gases using PPAs and cooperative governance systems to create carbon-neutral campuses. PPAs were funded via government grants, university endowments, and fund creation. Sustainability departments were established, engaging internal and external stakeholders in carbon-neutral planning. In particular, the sustainability offices of each university demonstrate leadership both in reducing carbon and improving overall quality of life by setting goals related to reducing water consumption, promoting health, culture, food, and connecting with local communities. Korean universities face challenges in reducing building emissions, with limited use of mechanisms like PPAs. Thus, Policy backing is vital for procuring renewable energy. Additionally, although some domestic universities have ESG committees or sustainability committees, there are limitations in their roles, authority, and member participation. Thus, for the creation of carbon-neutral campuses and transition to sustainable society, it is imperative to establish relevant governance structures and systemic climateenvironmental education, research collaboratively for institution value and talent development.
하악 임플란트지지 오버덴춰에서 바 어태치먼트의 유지력이 임플란트의 축력에 미치는 영향
조혜원,Cho, Hye-Won 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.1
Three linear strain gauges (KFR-02N-120-C1-23, Kyowa, Japan) were placed around the abutment of implant future and the maximum axial loads on the mandibular implants supporting over dentures were registered in experimental model when the overdenture was removed. The overdenture attachments used in this study were Round bar Hader bar, Dolder bar with and with out spacer. The retention of bar attachment was measured using universal testing machine while being con-trolled by Activating set and Deactivator except in case of the Hader bar. Simultaneously strains were recorded with the strain smart program in strain P-6000 series (Measurement group, Raleigh, USA). The maximum axial load was calculated and compared with each other. The results were as follows: 1. The amount and the timing of the maximum axial loads were different between the right and left implant in all attachment systems. 2. The retention of bar attachment except Hader bar could be adjusted but the controllability was different among the attachment systems. 3. The more the axial load, the higher the retention with Hader bar and Dolder bar without spacer. but the tendency of increase was not shown with round bar and Dolder bar with spacer.