Residue 수 체계를 이용한 그래픽 스케일링 프로세서

趙源敬,林寅七 慶熙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This paper proposes a new algorithm, which is appropriate for real-time scaling of large scale data using residue Number System. For each arithmetic module is normalized and modules have great independence individually, this algorithm is useful for VLSI design. As the scaling result by real number scaling factor is integer, this algorithm is also useful for the arithmnetic of graphic data that uses only interger. The time that is necessary for the scaling of each data requires 2 clock pulse to implement pipeline circuit.

The Benefit of Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy in ypN0 Patients after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy According to Molecular Subtypes

조원경,박원,최두호,김용배,김진호,김수산,김규보,김진희,안성자,이선영,이정심,김상원,Jeanny Kwon,안기정 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: The benefit of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients with breast cancer who achieve ypN0 following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not yet been established. This study aimed to identify the role of PMRT in patients who achieve ypN0 according to molecular subtype. Methods: We identified patients initially suspected with axillary disease who achieved ypN0 following NAC. From 13 institutions of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group between 2005 and 2011, a total of 189 patients were included in the analysis. Effects of PMRT on loco-regional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated for different molecular subtypes. Results: In all patients, the prognostic effect of PMRT on LRC, DFS, or OS was not significant. Subgroups analysis showed that the effect of PMRT on LRC was different according to molecular subtype (p for interaction = 0.019). PMRT was associated with greater LRC in the luminal subtype (p = 0.046), but not in other subtypes. Conclusion: In patients who achieve ypN0 following NAC and mastectomy, PMRT shows no additional survival benefits for any molecular subtype.

Gastric Complications after Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

조원경,최두호,박원,김해영,김선우,신명희,차혜정 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: In some patients who receive adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for the left breast, the stomach is located inside the RT field. This study investigates the incidence of gastric complications following adjuvant RT for breast cancer using data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. Methods: We identified 37,966 women who underwent surgery and received adjuvant RT for breast cancer. The cumulative incidence rate of gastric hemorrhage and gastric cancer was calculated and compared for left and right breast cancers. Results: Among 37,966 patients, 19,531 (51.4%) and 18,435 (48.6%) had right and left breast cancers, respectively. After a median follow-up duration of 6.3 years, the cumulative incidence of gastric cancer and gastric hemorrhage did not differ between right and left breast cancers (p = 0.414 and p = 0.166, respectively). The multivariable analysis revealed that old age was the only factor associated with the development of gastric cancer (p < 0.001) and gastric hemorrhage (p < 0.001). The incidence of gastric cancer and hemorrhage did not differ between patients who received adjuvant RT for right and left breast cancers. Conclusion: Irradiation-related chronic complications of the stomach in patients with breast cancer are minimal. A study with a longer follow-up duration might be needed to assess the risk of gastric cancer.

서울지역 대학주도 방과후학교 (예비)사회적기업 음악교육프로그램 만족도 및 요구분석연구

조원경,한정섭 한국음악교육학회 2014 음악교육연구 Vol.43 No.1

This study conducted a Satisfaction and Demander Requirement analysis survey on the students and faculty who are participating in a music education programs after school hours in the Seoul area through a university-led after school (preliminary) social corporation discovery/promotion project along with the Ministry of Education's policy project. As a result of the study, as for perception on the tuition level, most of the respondents were satisfied and was helping with reducing private education expenses of the students and school parents. The satisfaction level regarding class environment was mostly high. The students' satisfaction level on the teachers and overall music education programs showed a decline as the school year increased, and as for the satisfaction level on the overall music education program, the satisfaction was higher for more frequent participation and time. In terms of improvement points, results showed long-term music activities support and various program development in order, and in the case of students, various program development was the highest answered. As for participation motivations, the highest reason was that the programs are in favor with the demanders. In order for the music education program of university-led after school social corporation to develop for a mid/long term period, appropriate tuition levels should be maintained and contents should be provided to the school scene through various program development suitable for each school year at the requests of the demanders, considering the characteristics of after school classes focused on the demanders. Also, long-term support enabling comparatively frequent education should take place to allow enjoying music and making it a way of life.

제77차 추계학술대회 : 일반연제 발표 ; 비흡연 및 흡연 성년 한국인에서의 최대 노력성 호기곡선을 이용한 폐활량측정법 검사지표들의 추정 정상치에 관한 연구

조원경,김은옥,명승재,곽승민,고윤석,김우성,김원동,이무송 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1993 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.40 No.6

골프웨어 소비자의 구매행동에 관한 연구

조원경,정성지 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2002 디자인포럼21 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 골프웨어 소비자들을 대상으로 전반적은 구매행동(구매 시 상품선택요인의 중요도, 구매 시 정보원의 활용도, 아이템 소유현황, 구매목적, 구매횟수, 브랜드 선호도)의 특성을 연구하고 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 상품선택요인의 중요도와 정보원의 활용의 차이를 규명하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 측정도구로는 선행연구들을 토대로 연구자가 수정ㆍ보완한 설문지를 사용하였고, 응답자의 구매 행동에 관한 문항과 인구통계적 특성 문항으로 구성되었다. 조사대상은 서울과 경기지역의 30대 미만에서 70대 이상까지 골프를 하는 남녀 소비자를 대상으로 총 530부의 설문지를 배부하여 그 중 452부를 본 연구의 최종 분석자료로 사용하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해 빈도분석과 백분율, Cronbach's α계수, 상관분석, t-test, 분산분석(ANOVA), Tukey's test 등의 통계분석기법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 골프웨어의 구매목적에서는 골프와 일상복으로 겸한다는 응답자와, 구매횟수에서는 계절이 바뀔 때마다 구매한다는 응답자가 가장 많았다. 인구통계학적 변인에 따라 구매 시 상품선택요인의 중요도와 정보원의 활동도에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purposes of the study were to understand general purchasing behavior of golf wear consumers and to figure out differences in purchasing behaviors and use of information according to demographic characteristics. As a measuring tool, the questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on previous studies. And the questionnaire consists of questions regarding purchasing behavior of golf wear consumers and demographical characteristics. The total of 530 questionnaires were distributed to male and female golfers, and 452 ones were used for the analysis. For data analysis, frequency analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's test were used. The findings from the study were summarized as follows: 1) Golf wear was used as active golf wear as well as everyday casual wear. 2) There were differences in importance of merchandise selection factors according to consumers' demographic characteristics. 3) There were differences in use of information source when selecting golf wear as a merchandise according to consumers' demographic characteristics.

Radiation Therapy Alone in cT1-3N0 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Are Unfit for Surgical Resection or Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: Comparison of Risk-Adaptive Dose Schedules

조원경,노재명,안용찬,오동률,표홍렬 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.4

Purpose High dose definitive radiation therapy (RT) alone is recommended to patients with cT1-3N0 non-small cell lung cancer, who are unfit for surgery or stereotactic RT. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness following RT alone using two different modest hypofractionation dose schemes. Materials and Methods Between 2001 and 2014, 124 patients underwent RT alone. From 2001 till 2010, 60 Gy in 20 fractions was delivered to 79 patients (group 1). Since 2011, 60 Gy in 20 fractions (group 2, 20 patients), and 60 Gy in 15 fractions (group 3, 25 patients) were selectively chosen depending on estimated risk of esophagitis. Results At follow-up of 16.7 months, 2-year rates of local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 62.6%, 39.1%, and 59.1%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly better in group 3 (p=0.002). In multivariate analyses, cT3 was the most powerful adverse factor affecting clinical outcomes. Incidence and severity of radiation pneumonitis were not different among groups, while no patients developed grade 2 esophagitis in group 3 (p=0.003). Under current Korean Health Insurance Policy, RT cost per person was 22.5% less in group 3 compared with others. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that 60 Gy in 15 fractions instead of 60 Gy in 20 fractions resulted in comparable clinical outcomes with excellent safety, direct cost saving, and improved convenience to the patients with tumors located at  1.5 cm from the esophagus.

COPD as a Disease of Immunosenescence

조원경,이춘근,김락균 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.5

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is regarded as a chronic inflammatory lung disease, the disease mechanismis still not known. Intriguingly, aging lungs are quite similar to COPD-affected lungs in many ways, and COPD has beenviewed as a disease of accelerated premature aging of the lungs. In this paper, based on a literature review, we would like to proposeimmunosenescence, age-associated decline in immunity, as a critical mechanism for the development of COPD. Immunosenescencecan cause a low-grade, systemic inflammation described as inflammaging. This inflammaging may be directly involved inthe COPD pathogenesis. The potential contributors to the development of inflammaging in the lungs possibly leading to COPD arediscussed in the review paper. A notable fact about COPD is that only 15% to 20% of smokers develop clinically significant COPD. Given that there is a substantial inter-individual variation in inflammaging susceptibility, which is genetically determined and significantlyaffected by the history of the individual’s exposure to pathogens, immunosenescence and inflammaging may also providethe answer for this unexpectedly low susceptibility of smokers to clinically significant COPD.

문법시인 말레르브

조원경 한국불어불문학회 1993 불어불문학연구 Vol.28 No.1

La pe´riode de 1605 a` 1615 peut s`expliquer par celle d`alternance des ge´ne´rations dans la poe´sie franc¿aise. L`esprit d`humanisme transforme´ a` travers les guerres de religion s`acheminait dans le sens d`une prudente sagesse du classicisme. Et c`e´tait la ve´ritable crise de la poe´sie ou` se produisaient des heurts a` plusieurs reprises entre un esprit traditionnel de la poe´sie et une conception nouvelle de celle-la` Paris(surtout la Cour)e´tait le lieu principal ou` se produisaient ces heurts et Malherbe s`y engageait violemment comme poe`te officiel et comme poe`te grammairien. Dans la Cour, dans son e´cole avec ses disciples, il se prenait pour un arbitre jure´ du langage et un mai^tre de la tendance nouvelle de la poe´sie. Il e´crivait des poe`mes, dirigeait des e´tudes sur la poe´sie et, par la`, essayait de fixer les re`gles de grammaire de la langue franc¿aise. Par exemple, il re´digeait sa Commentaire sur Desportes pour donner le mode`le d`expression logique et pre´cise aux disciples et aux ennemis litte´raires. Malherbe e´tait homme de confiance en soi et bien conscient de son me´tier de poe`te grammairien, homme de science et de conscience. Pour diriger cette tendance nouvelle de ladite pe´riode, il fallait peut-e^tre un homme bien comme lui.

말레르브의 「Priere pour le Roi allant en Limousin」의 시절 구조 분석

조원경 한국불어불문학회 1991 불어불문학연구 Vol.26 No.1