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고등식물의 엽록체 형질전환: 원핵생물과 진맥생물의 조우
정화지,서영배,정원중,민성란,유장렬,Chung, Hwa-Jee,Suh, Young-Bae,Jeong, Won-Joong,Min, Sung-Ran,Liu, Jang-R. 한국식물생명공학회 2006 식물생명공학회지 Vol.33 No.3
엽록체는 숙주세포에 잡아먹힌 (식균작용) 남세균이 숙주세포와 공생관계를 형성하여 온 것으로 간주된다. 엽록체 게놈은 정적이라고 이해하고 있지만 형질전환을 통하여 상동염기가 도입되면 이와는 반대로 intramolecular homologous recombination에 의해 subgenomic circle을 만드는 등 매우 다이나믹하다는 것이 최근에 증명되고 있다. 고등식물의 엽록체 형질전환은 핵 형질전환에서 기대할 수 없는 여러 이점을 제공한다. 예컨대, transgene의 발현율을 높일 수 있고, transgene들을 polycistronic하게 발현할 수 있으며, 도입된 transgene이 모계유전을 하게 된다는 것 등이다. 담배는 엽록체 형질전환의 모델 식물로 사용되어 왔으나 최근에는 벼, 대두, 면화 등 다른 주요 작물의 형질전환도 가능하게 되었다. 엽록체 형질전환된 작물은 미생물을 이용하여 고부가가치 단백질을 생산하는 생물반응기를 향후 대체할 수 있게 될 것이다. Chloroplasts are believed to be descended from certain cyanobacteria, which were taken up by phagocytosis into a host cell and lived there in a symbiotic relationship. In contrast to the current static concept on the chloroplast genome, its dynamism has been recently demonstrated: the chloroplast genome is active in intramolecular homolgous recombination, producing subgenomic circles when it obtains homolgous sequences via genetic transformation. Chloroplast tranformation in higher plants provides many advantages over nuclear transformation that include higher expression levels of transgenes, polycistronic expression of transgenes, and maternal transmission of transgenes. Tobacco has been used as a model for chloroplast genetic transformation. However, it is recently possible to transform the chloroplasts of other major food and economic crops including rice, soybean, and cotton. Chloroplast-transformed crops will be able to replace bioreactors using microorganisms for production of value-added proteins in future.
Hyperthermia-induced Apoptosis is Independent upon DNA Strand Breaks in Human Lymphoid Cells
정화진,가원혜,황지나,서영록 대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.6
Heat shock (43oC for 60 minutes) is sufficient to induce apoptosis in a wide number of cell lines. In this study, we asked whether DNA strand breaks are responsible for this phenomenon. Using the highly sensitive comet assay for DNA damage detection, we were unable to demonstrate DNA breaks immediately after heat shock in Raji human lymphoid cells. It showed that DNA breaks were not necessary for hyperthermic apoptosis, since its activity is indicative of DNA lesions. Here, we present a suggestion that a protein(s) is the major target for heat shock apoptosis. We firstly found glycerol, which reportedly stabilizes protein structure, showed a protective effect in Raji cells against hyperthermic apoptosis. In addition, quercetin, which modulates transcription of the heat shock protein family members, enhanced apoptotic death induced by hyperthermia. Furthermore, Raji cells are protected by a pre-mild heat treatment prior to the killing dose of heat shock.
스마트 기기를 사용하는 사용자의 자세에 대응하는 조명시스템
정화진(Hwa-Jin Jeong),홍성관(Seong-Kwan Hong),최안섭(An-Seop Choi) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.31 No.5
Recently, the penetration rate of the smart device has been steadily increased and is getting diversified. People use the smart device a lot of time inside a building like a routine life and are easily influenced by the glare from luminaires. The luminaire can cause glare and eye strain due to the direct light from luminaires and indirect light from indoor surfaces. The purpose of this study is to improve the luminous environment while the user uses the smart devices indoors. Therefore, we propose a lighting system and a control method which response to the posture of the user of the smart device by using the sensor built in the smart device.
Elucidation of Bacterial Pneumonia-Causing Pathogens in Patients with Respiratory Viral Infection
정화식,강병주,나승원,서광원,제갈양진,전재범,정지원,정윤성,전희정,안재성,이태훈,안종준 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.4
Background: Bacterial pneumonia occurring after respiratory viral infection is common. However, the predominant bacterial species causing pneumonia secondary to respiratory viral infections other than influenza remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to know whether the pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of respiratory virus. Methods: Study subjects were 5,298 patients, who underwent multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses, among who visited the emergency department or outpatient clinic with respiratory symptoms at Ulsan University Hospital between April 2013 and March 2016. The patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 251 clinically significant bacteria were identified in 233 patients with post-viral bacterial pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most frequent bacterium in patients aged <16 years, regardless of the preceding virus type (p=0.630). In patients aged ≥16 years, the isolated bacteria varied according to the preceding virus type. The major results were as follows (p<0.001): pneumonia in patients with influenza virus (type A/B), rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus infections was caused by similar bacteria, and the findings indicated that Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia was very common in these patients. In contrast, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections were associated with pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of preceding respiratory virus. This information could help in selecting empirical antibiotics in patients with post-viral pneumonia.
근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 이행 실태 파악을 위한 심층 면담 조사
정화식(Hwa Shik Jung),기도형(Dohyung Kee),이인석(Inseok Lee),박재희(Jae Hee Park) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance status of the ligal examination of risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs). The study was based on in-depth interviews with the persons in charge of the examination in 63 sampled companies, which are various in location, type of industry and size. The interviews were carried out based on detail questions as well as a predefined checklist. The main findings are as follows: 1) More than half of the companies did not properly comply with the laws in performing the examination of MSDs risk factors; 2) In about 60% of the companies, the examination has been carried out by their own persons; 3) 38% of the companies conducting the survey of musculoskeletal symptoms did not diagnosed musculoskeletal symptoms based on the survey; 4) Most companies performed the prevention activities for MSDs such as education/training, stretching, etc.; 5) It was revealed that the 11 high-risk tasks were not considered to be properly defined by the people in the industries, which results in some difficulties such as ambiguity in defining the 11 tasks and unit tasks; 6) The period of the examination of risk factors, classification of periodic and occupational examinations and legalization of employers' obligation for preventing MSDs are considered to be acceptable or desirable, while it was pointed out that regulations for the method of the risk assessment and the person who in charge of the examination need to be modified.