그린벨트 백서 ( 개발제한구역제도 관련 자료집 ) / 그린벨트 문제해결을 위한 제안

정종배 한국토지행정학회 1997 그린벨트 백서 Vol.- No.-

영남지역 시설재배지 토양의 미량원소 함량 분포

정종배,유관식,김복진,이승호,신현진,황태경,최희열,이용우,이윤정,김종집 한국토양비료학회 2006 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.39 No.4

퇴비의 미량원소 함량과 작물에 대한 유효도

정종배,최희열 한국토양비료학회 2006 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.39 No.4

가축분과 톱밥을 주원료로 하고 기타 농산부산물과 무기 자재로 제조된 퇴비의 미량원소 함량을 조사하고 이러한 퇴비의 처리가 토양의 미량원소 함량과 작물의 미량원소 흡수 이용에 미치는 영향을 상추 재배를 통하여 조사하였다. 시중에 유통되고 있는 5종의 퇴비를 구입하여 실험에 사용하였으며, 미량원소는 총 함량과 가용성 함량으로 분석하였다. 미량원소 함량이 낮은 토양에 퇴비 1종을 1,000 및 2,000 kg 10a-1 수준으로 처리하고 포트 시험으로 온실에서 상추를 재배하였으며, 생육과 식물체중의 미량원소 함량을 조사하였다. 퇴비중의 미량원소 함량은 원료물질이 다른 만큼 퇴비의 종류별로 총 함량과 가용성 함량 모두 다양하였다. 미량원소 총 함량은 B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn이 각각 26-42, 27-160, 4,300-9,500, 290-790, 0-0.5, 140-420 mg kg-1 범위로 나타났다. 퇴비중의 0.1 N HCl 가용성 B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn 은 각각 총 함량의 23-32, 1.3-2.6, <1, 7-32, 0.5-5% 수준이었으며 DTPA 가용성 함량은 0.1 N HCl 가용성 함량보다 높았다. 퇴비를 2,000 kg 10a-1 수준으로 처리한 경우 퇴비를 처리하지 않은 대조구에 비하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 생육이 증가하였으며, 대조구에 비하여 퇴비 처리구 모두에서 상추 잎 중의 B, Cu, Mo, Zn 함량이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 퇴비 처리가 Fe와 Mn의 흡수는 증가시키지 못하였다. 퇴비 2,000 kg 10a-1 수준의 처리를 통하여 토양에 공급되는 0.1 N HCl 가용성 미량원소의 양은 상추 생육에 필요한 양보다 많았으며, 이러한 결과로부터 적절한 수준의 퇴비 시용을 통하여 작물이 필요로 하는 미량원소를 원활히 공급할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 퇴비 시용량이 비교적 많은 비닐하우스 농가에서 사용되고 있는 미량원소 비료의 시용 효과는 미량원소 흡수에 미치는 토양 환경이나 작물 요인을 고려하여 면밀히 검토되어야 할 것이다.

Kinetics of Chromium(III) Oxidation by Various Manganess Oxides

정종배,임선옥,Chung, Jong-Bae,Zasoski, Robert J.,Lim, Sun-Uk 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.5

망간 산화물 birnessite, pyrolusite, hausmannite의 표면에서 일어나는 3가 크롬의 산화현상을 조사하였다. 이들은 zero point of charge, 표면적, 그리고 결정도 등에서 차이가 많은데, 크롬 산화현상은 모두 1차 반응이었으며 반응용액의 pH 및 최초 3가 크롬농도가 반응에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 일반적으로 hausmannite에 의한 산화가 가장 빨랐으며 pyrolusite에 의한 산화는 상대적으로 매우 느렸다. 용액 pH와 최초 3가 크롬농도의 상호 작용이 전체 반응속도를 조절하는 것 같으며 pH가 높고 3가 크롬농도가 높을 경우 망간산화물 표면에 3가 크롬 침전되거나 complex를 형성할 수 있을 것이다. Birnessite와 hausmannite에서는 $pH\;3.0{\sim}5.0$ 범위에서 pH가 낮을수록 산화력이 높았으나 pyrolusite의 경우에는 pH가 높을수록 산화력이 증가하였다. 반응속도는 온도에 또한 민감했다. pH 3.0에서의 산화반응의 activation energies는 일반적으로 diffusion에 필요한 activation energy보다 크게 나타났으나 반응속도를 결정하는 단계가 무엇인지는 확실하지 않다. Birnessite, pyrolusite and hausmannite were synthesized and tested for the ability to oxidize Cr(III) to Cr(VI). These oxides differed in zero point of charge, surface area, and crystallinity. The kinetic study showed that Cr(III) oxidation on the Mn-oxide surface is a first-order reaction. The reaction rate was various for different oxide at different conditions. Generally the reaction by hausmannite, containing Mn(III), was faster than the others, and oxidation by pyrolusite was much slower. Solution pH and initial Cr(III) concentration had a significant effect on the reaction. Inhibited oxidation at higher pH and initial Cr(III) concentration could be due to the chance of Cr(III) precipitation or complexing on the oxide surface. Oxidations by birnessite and hausmannite were faster at lower pH, but pyrolusite exhibited increased oxidation capacity at higher pH in the range between 3.0 and 5.0. Reactions were also temperature sensitive. Although calculated activation energies for the oxidation reactions at pH 3.0 were higher than the general activation energy for diffusion, there is no experimental evidence to suggest which reaction is the rate limiting step.

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium oryzae Inoculation on Growth of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

정종배,사동민 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Plant growth-promoting effects of rhizobacterial inoculation obtained in pot experiments cannot always be dependably reproduced in fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium oryzae, which have displayed growth promoting effects in several pot experiments, on growth and fruit yield of red pepper under field condition in a plastic-film house. Four rows spaced 90 cm apart were prepared after application of compost (10 Mg ha-1), and red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annum L., Nocgwang) were transplanted in each row with 40-cm space. Experimental treatments were consisted of A. brasilense CW903 inoculation, M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation, and uninoculated control. Twelve plots, 10 plants per plot, were allotted to the three treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized design. At the time of transplanting, 50 mL of each inoculum (1×108 cells mL-1) was introduced into root zone soil of each plant, and re-inoculated at 7 and 14 days after transplant. Plant growth and fruit yield were measured during the experiment. Both A. brasilense CW903 and M. oryzae CBMB20could not promote growth of red pepper plants. All growth parameters measured were not significantly different among treatments. There were large variations in fruit yield recorded on plot basis, and no statistically significant differences were found among treatments. The failure to demonstrate the expected plant growth promoting effect of the inoculants is possibly due to various environmental factors, including weather and soil characteristics, reducing the possibility to express the potential of the inoculated bacterial strains.

Comparison of Soil Physical Properties in Conventional and Organic Farming Apple Orchards

정종배 한국환경농학회 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Soil physical properties in organic farming apple orchard were evaluated in relation to conventional farming to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil quality. Two adjacent apple orchards, matched by soil type, were chosen to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil samples were collected from middle of two adjacent trees along the tree line at two depths of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in September 2006. Contents of organic matter in organic farming soil were twice as much as those found in soil of conventional farming. The higher level of organic matter in organic farming soil was reflected through a consequent trend in improved soil physical properties. Organic farming produced greater aggregation in >2 mm size and increased aggregate stability. Bulk density was lower by 13% and hence porosity was higher in soils of organic farming as compared with conventional farming. Water holding capacity was significantly greater with organic farming by >17% over conventional farming. The capacity of organic farming to improve soil physical properties can be contributed to the regular application of relatively large amount of organic materials and the sustainable ground-cover managements, mulching with compost and cover crop cultivation.

Application of Exchange Equations for NH₄-K NH₄-Ca Equilibria

정종배,사동민,Chung, Jong-Bae,Sa, Tong-Min 한국토양비료학회 1995 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.28 No.3

복숭아 묘목으로 부터 채취한 근권 및 그 주변 토양을 이용하여 $NH_4-K$와 $NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 조사하였으며 이 결과를 토양중 암모니움 등 양이온의 이동과 분포의 모델화에 적용할 수 있는 치환식을 찾고자 했다. 토양시료를 $NH_4Cl$, KCl과 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 평형에 도달시킨 후 $Sr(NO_3)_2$ 용액으로 추출하여 평형상태에서의 치환태 양이온 조성을 구하였다. Vanselow, Gapon 그리고 kerr의 식은 $NH_4-K$와 $NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 적절히 기술할 수 없었으나 치환태 양이온 농도에 임의의 지수를 갖는 다음과 같은 경험식이 매우 적절한 것으로 나타났다. ${\frac{\alpha_i^m}{a_j^n}}=K{\frac{(iX)^{mPi}}{(jX)^{nPj}}}$ 이 식에서 ${\alpha}i$와 ${\alpha}j$는 원자가가 m과 n인 양이온 i 및 j의 용액 중 activity이며(iX)와 (jX)는 치환태양이온 i와 j의 농도이다. 치환태 양이온의 농도 단위로는 몰 분율 또는 당량 분율을 사용할 수 있다. 임의상수 $P_i$와 $P_j$ 그리고 분배상수 K는 이 식의 대수형을 이용하여 다중 회귀 방법으로 구할 수 있다. Ion exchange equilibria in bulk and rhizosphere soil collected from peach seedlings were studied to find exchange equations that could be used in chromatographic models dealing with movement and distribution of fertilizer ammonium and exchangeable cations in soil profiles. Soil samples were equilibrated with mixtures of $NH_4Cl$, KCI, and $CaCl_2$ solutions and then extracted with $Sr(NO_3)_2$ solution to determine exchangeable cation compositions at equilibrium. Exchange data were fitted to Vanselow's, Gapon's, and Kerr's equations, but those formulations did not adequately describe the equilibria. An empirical equation of the form : ${\frac{\alpha_i^m}{a_j^n}}=K{\frac{(iX)^{mPi}}{(jX)^{nPj}}}$ which has an exponent on each of the exchangeable cation concentrations could describe the equilibria very well over the range of treatments. In this equation ${\alpha}^i$ and ${\alpha}^j$ are activities of cation i and j with valences m and n respectively. (iX) and (jX) are concentrations of exchangeable cations. Mole or equivalent fractions can be considered as the exchangeable ion concentration unit. Arbitrary constants $P_i$ and $P_j$, and distribution coefficient K can be found with multiple regression for the logarithmic form of the equation.

상추와 시금치의 품종별 질산태 질소 축적 차이

정종배,이용우,최희열,박용,조문수 한국토양비료학회 2005 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.38 No.1

시설재배 토양과 작물 잎 중의 미량원소 함량 관계

정종배,김복진,유관식,이승호,신현진,황태경,최희열,이용우,이윤정,김종집 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.3

서울시 주요 도로변의 토양오염 조사 : I . 중랑구 망우로 주변 토양 I . Manguro in Chungnanggu

정종배,김계훈,김권래,류형주 한국농화학회 2001 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.2

The objectives of this study were to investigate the contamination of the soils around the major roadsides in Seoul and to accumulate base-line data. Fifty topsoils (0∼5 ㎝) and 48 subsoils (20∼50 ㎝) were collected from 50 sampling sites near Manguro in Chungnanggu. The samples were air-dried, passed through 2-㎜ sieves, and analyzed to detemune the physicochemical properties and the contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and anions (Cl, NO₃, SO₄). Soil textures of top- and subsoils were mainly loamy sand and sandy loam, respectively. Average pH of top- and subsoil was approximately 7.5, much higher than that of the forest soils in Seoul. Average heavy metal contents were lower than the levels allowed by the Soil Environment Conservation Act of Korea, whereas much higher than those of the forest soils. Contents of some heavy metals were higher than the maximum allowed levels. Anion concentrations were also much higher than those of the forest soils. A careful management to prevent the aggravation of the present contamination level and the diffusion of contaminants is recommended.