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정기종 ( Chung Kee-jong ) 한국외교협회 2023 외교 Vol.146 No.0
Qatar’s diplomacy is evaluated as balanced or pragmatic one in view of its efforts for mediation or humanitarian assistance between countries or organizations in dispute. A case in point is its strong security cooperation with the United States while maintaining friendly relations with Taliban or Muslim brotherhood. This can be seen as a part of value-oriented diplomacy in that Qatar puts forward justice, peace, or humanitarian causes. And, it has contributed to enhancing the national status as a regional power, however, with side effects such as checks or retaliations from vested countries against it or questions raised about the effectiveness of the diplomacy. This is due to disagreements in perceptions of “Value” and the irrationality of evaluating the balance of power in the international community. Regarding the Republic of Korea’s foreign policy, it is at a time when balanced diplomacy or value-oriented diplomacy is being discussed. It requires harmonious balance between accurate perception of the international situation based on the national interests and its application to reality. And, it should be compatible with normative standards of laws and charters of the international community, including the United Nations. It is worth mentioning that a country with passive diplomacy can be converged or strayed by the centripetal powers of strong countries’advocacy diplomacies.
정기종 ( Chung Kee-jong ) 한국외교협회 2022 외교 Vol.142 No.0
In May 14, 1948, the Jewish people established the State of Israel. It was the restoration of the ancient Jewish Kingdom which existed 2,000 years ago. This was the result of leadership and diplomacy of Weitzman and other leaders based on Judaism’s faith by combining the accumulated capabilities of the Jewish people and utilizing the international situation. Weitzman took part in the Balfour Declaration draft and the Mandate of Palestine through his diplomatic activities against Great Britain and the Arab people. Then it lead to the acquisition of a Jewish national home in Palestine. And, in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolution 181, the division of Palestine was decided. Israel’s victory in the first Arab-Israeli war brought about the founding of the State of Israel. It was an expression of the strong will of the Jewish people. And the WZO’s activities to support the return and settlement of the Jewish people were strategically processed. Ethnic education and academic achievements such as Biblical archaeology and Biblical geography which continued even during the Diaspora played important roles in providing evidences for Israel’s claim to territorial restoration. Israel’s Nation Building process has shown that diplomacy backed by the will of the people is the most important among the various elements of the nation’s capabilities.
정기종 ( Chung Kee-jong ) 한국외교협회 2021 외교 Vol.137 No.0
During the Cold War after World War II, the Soviet Union intervened in several Middle Eastern wars. Soviet troops supported Egyptian transportation to Yemen and sent MIG pilots and SAM air defense units to Egypt to fight Israel. Shortly after Iraq’s socialist coup, Soviet military demonstrations near the Turkish border supported the coup’s success, resulting in the collapse of the U.S. Northern Tier. Soviet participation was carried out privately and indirectly at a carefully selected time and remained secret for a long time. The aim was to undermine the Western solidarity by using pro-Soviet Arab countries, and to acquire the traditional southward policy of the sea and unfrozen ports. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia has been engaged in the Syrian civil war more active. (Key Words: Middle East War, Yemen Civil War, Suez War, Six Day War, War of Attrition, October War, Baghdad Pact, Syrian Civil War)