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        미국 역사표준서 논쟁 연구

        丁慶姬(Chung Kyung-Hee) 역사교육연구회 2004 역사교육 Vol.89 No.-

        This paper tries to expose the ideological conflict that underlay the development of the National History Standards by analyzing the intellectual and political contexts in which the controversy surrounding the creation of the Standards. Backed by national political leaders in the Bush Administration and funded by NEH, the National History Standards Project was launched in 1991. To seek consensus on the teaching of history, the professors and the teachers involved in the project debated some fundamental issues such as the issue of multiculturalism and the primacy of the Western Civilization in the world history. Eventually the National History Standards they proposed were a compromise on the issues of the inclusion of minority contributions in the U. S. history and the place of western civilization in the teaching of world history. Yet before the Standards were released in October 1994, Lynne Cheney, the former director of NEH, denounced the Standards as the product of an academic establishment that rebels in politicized history. She charged the authors of the Standards with political correctness, excessive multiculturalism, and neglecting America"s many heroes and triumphs. For the next eighteen months, the controversy over America"s past raged in the national press, over the airwaves, and in the Congress. With the help of conservative media, and the new Republican majority in the Congress, the conservatives led by Cheney portrayed the writers of the Standards as a band of left-leaning professors with the aim of perverting the minds of America"s youth. To refute this allegation, the NCHS did their best, including to stress that the Standards had emerged through an admirable process of open debate. However, their response was too late and too weak to reverse the damage done by Cheney"s domination of the debate early on. In this analysis both sides which were involved in the Standards controversy were found to have politicized the debate, and as a result, they did a real disservice to the nation. The conservatives claimed that the authors of the Standards politicized history through the Standards. The NCHS made a response that the conservatives had an intention to make the Standards debate a political issue, questioning the timing of Cheney"s attack which was launched just two weeks before the election of November 1994. Regardless of political inclination, both sides believed that the other side is acting according to the political motivation only. Now the battle over the Standards in the ongoing culture wars is over. Neither side achieved victory. The conservatives did not succeed in implementing their reform agenda, and the liberal content of the Standards was repudiated by Congress. The Standards controversy demonstrated that school reform is too important to be made a hostage to the culture wars.

      • KCI등재

        초등교사의 정서지도 실행 경험과 어려움에 관한 FGI 연구

        경희(Ko, Kyeonghui),여주(Chung, Yeoju) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.24

        목적 본 연구에서는 초등교사의 정서지도가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지, 실행 과정에서의 걸림돌은 무엇인지 탐색하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 학급 담임으로서 생활지도 경험이 있는 초등교사 14명을 대상으로 FGI(Focus Group Interview)를 실시하였다. 4-5명씩 세 집단으로 나누어 한 집단 당 90-120분 정도 인터뷰를 진행하였고, FGI 과정에서 얻어진 자료를 질적으로 분석하였다. 결과 본 연구의 결과로 2개의 대주제, 6개의 중주제, 20개의 소주제를 도출하였다. 정리하면 초등교사는 기대를 가지고 자발적으로 정서지도를 시작하고 있으며 대상과 상황을 고려하여 다양한 활동을 적용하였다. 이러한 정서지도는 정해진 내용과 방법이 없어 적용 상의 불확실성을 안고 있으며 이 과정에서 교사는 시행착오를 겪고 교육과정 계획과 다르게 실행하기도 하였다. 교사들은 그동안의 정서지도 활동을 돌아보며 실행 효과나 활동들에 대해 반성적으로 평가하였다. 실행의 걸림돌로는 시간부족, 학생⋅학부모 비협조 등으로 인한 실행의 어려움, 프레임만 남는 활동, 계획부족, 연속적인 활동 어려움 등의 문제가 있었다. 결론 본 연구에서는 초등교사의 정서지도가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 알아보고 정서지도를 실시할 때 어려움이 무엇인지를 밝혔다. 본 연구에서 드러난 초등교사의 정서지도의 실행 모습, 어려움과 문제 등은 초등교사가 아동의 정서발달을 위한 생활지도나 인성교육을 위한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있으며 초등학교의 정서지도 관련 정책을 구상하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out how the emotional guidance of elementary school teachers is being carried out and what are the obstacles in the implementation process. Methods To this purpose, FGI(Focus Group Interview) was conducted for 14 elementary school teachers with experience in guidance as class homeroom teachers. The teachers were divided into three groups of 4-5 teachers. The interview was conducted for about 90-120 minutes, and the data obtained in the FGI process were qualitatively analyzed. Results As a result of this study, 2 major themes, 6 mid-themes, and 21 sub-themes were derived. In summary, elementary school teachers voluntarily start emotional guidance with expectations, and apply various activities in consideration of subjects and situations. Such emotional guidance does not have a set content and method, so there is uncertainty in its application. The teachers looked back on the emotional guidance activities so far and reflectively evaluated the execution effects or activities. As obstacles to engagement, there were problems such as lack of time, difficulties in engagement due to the non-cooperation of students and parents, pretentious activities, lack of planning, and difficulties in continuous activities. Conclusions In this study, we found out how elementary school teachers emotional guidance is being carried out, and revealed what difficulties are encountered when conducting emotional guidance.

      • 고령화에 관한 마드리드 국제행동계획(MIPAA)과 제2차 저출산ㆍ고령사회기본계획의 비교분석

        정경희(Kyunghee Chung) 한양대학교 고령사회연구원 2011 한양고령사회논집 Vol.2 No.1

        2002년에 발표된 UN의 고령화에 관한 마드리드 국제행동계획(MIPAA: Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 이하 ‘마드리드 국제행동계획’으로 언급)은 전지구적 현상인 고령화에 대한 국가별 정책적 대응을 마련함에 있어 준거틀을 제공하고 있다. 마드리드 국제행동계획이 제시하고 있는 기본방향과 행동목표 뿐만 아니라 이에 기초하여 지역별로 마련되고 있는 이행전략은 개별국가가 국가별 특성을 반영함에 있어 출발점이 되고 있다. 따라서 국제동향과 지향성에 공유한다는 점에서 우리나라의 고령화에 대한 국가차원의 정책적 대응인 『제2차 저출산ㆍ고령사회기본계획(2011~2016)(이하 제2차 기본계획)』 이 마드리드 국제행동계획과 우리나라가 속해있는 UN-ESCAP에서 제시한 이행전략과의 정합성을 갖고 있는가를 검토하는 것은 의미있는 작업이 될 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 2차 기본계획 중 고령화 관련 주요 내용을 살펴본 후 마드리드 국제행동계획과 UN-ESCAP에서 제시한 이행전략과의 정합성을 검토함으로써 향후 고령화 대응전략을 마련함에 있어 수정ㆍ보완해야 할 점을 도출해보고자 한다. From increasing social and policy concerns on the aging population, the government of Korea in September 2005 enacted Basic Law on Low Fertility and Aged Society Policy. And, based on the law, “Plan for Aging Society and population Policy” for every 5 years are made both at central governmental level and local level. Implementation of the plans of central government and local governments are evaluated annually. However, these attempts are mainly conducted by the examination of national situation and lack international point of view. Therefore, this study aims to review of the 2nd Plan for Ageing Society and Population with the reference of Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing(MIPAA) This study consists of four parts. The first part summarizes the 2nd Plan for Ageing Society and Population. The second part reviews MIPAA, guidelines for the national implementation of MIPAA, and UN-ESCAP strategy for MIPAA. In the third part, based on the examination of the 2nd Plan for Ageing Society and Population, reviews of the implementation of MIPAA in Korea in terms of policy are conducted. In the forth and last part, implications are suggested.

      • KCI등재

        역사교육을 둘러싼 한국과 미국의 이념논쟁 비교

        정경희(Kyung-Hee Chung) 한국아메리카학회 2008 美國學論集 Vol.40 No.3

        The controversy over the Natinal History Standards in America during 1994-5 and the controversy over Korean modern history textbooks in Korea since 2004 assume a very similar aspect in spite of almost a decade's time difference. This study aims to analyze and compare in derail the history education debates in the two countries. First of all, both in America and in Korea the controversy was stimulated by the media, not by the academics Soon, the controversy extended to the legislative body of each country, and sparked intense poltical debates over history education. In January 1995 the United States Senate passed a resolution condemning the National Standards for History as un-American, and the authors of the standards were forced to revise them. In 2004 Korea National Assembly, too moch swayed by the party interests, did not do anything but further polarized the bitter dispute when a conservative Congressman insisted that the narrative of the Korean modern history textbook is overly anti-American and Pro-North Korean Textbook Forum, a group of intellectuals held symposia and published several books including korean Modern History an Alternative Textbook as a counter to the existing Korean modern history textbooks, which were deemed to be left-leaning by the group. However, it was not until the new conservative administration was launched in early 2008 that the revision of korean modern history textbooks saw any progress. Conservatives led by Lynne Cheney criticized the Standards for describing American past "too grim and gloomy" In Korea its modern history textbooks were blamed for narrating Korea's history of recent sixty from negative perspective, while writing that of North Korea as positively as possible. In both countries it was the main issue of the debates that the national history, especially the stories of nation building and the founding fathers were depicted too negatively in the Standards and history textbooks. It is also similar that during the debates both sides condemned that the other sides are politicizing history. Peoples involved in the Standards controversy and Korean modern history textbooks controversy charged that the opposing sides are politically motivated. As a result, the history education became the arena for the ideological controversy. Thus, ironically teachers and students who are directly involved in the issue of teaching and learning were excluded from the debates in both countries. It is noteworthy that the long ideological controversy in both Korea and in America was pressed by the extreme difference of historical recognition between the traditionalists and the revisionists.

      • KCI등재

        재미한인의 사회경제적 성장 - 그 연구를 위한 이론적 고찰

        정경희(Kyung-Hee Chung),이인표(Inpyo Lee) 한국아메리카학회 2004 美國學論集 Vol.36 No.3

          For the last forty years Korean-Americans achieved an outstanding socioeconomic development. This paper is an attempt to find theoretical perspectives which can explain the development more properly.<BR>  One major approach which analyses Korean immigrants" socioeconomic adjustments to the host society is middleman minority theory. In spite of much criticism against the theory it is still helpful to understand Korean immigrants" concentration in small business and their involvement in racial conflicts with minority customers.<BR>  Another useful approach for an analysis of Korean immigrants is the ethnic enclave hypothesis. Several researchers argued that the term ethnic enclave should not be used because of the difficulty of definition and measurement, They overlook the original insights of the hypothesis. The ethnic enclave economies enhance opportunities of ethnic groups within. Also the structuring and impact of ethnic enclaves constitute a core part of the study of the incorporation of immigrant groups.<BR>  The middleman minority theory and the ethnic enclave hypothesis, recast to theorise the invisible networks of object/persons expanding across space will be the basis for the research of Korean-American society.

      • KCI등재

        초등교사의 학급 아동 대상 정서지도의 주제에 관한 초점 집단 인터뷰 연구

        경희(Ko, Kyeonghui),여주(Chung, Yeoju),김인서(Kim, Inseo) 한국열린교육학회 2021 열린교육연구 Vol.29 No.5

        본 연구에서는 초등교사가 학급아동에게 어떤 주제로 정서지도를 하고 있는지에 대해 포커스 그룹 인터뷰(FGI: Focus Group Interview)를 실시하여 얻은 자료를 분석하였다. 초등학교에서 이루어지고 있는 정서지도의 주제에 대해 밝혀 정서지도의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 담임교사로서 상담 및 생활지도 경험이 있는 초등교사 14명을 대상으로‘정서지도 시 주로 어떤 주제를 다루는가?’를 주요 질문으로 하는 FGI를 실시하였으며 추가로 개별심층면담을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 얻은 설문응답 자료와 FGI 면담 전사본, 심층면담 요약본과 전사본의 자료를 비교분석법으로 분석하여 범주화하였다. 그 결과 최종적으로 6개의 대주제, 17개의 소주제를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 대주제는 ‘정서지식’,‘정서표현’,‘정서변화’,‘정서조절’,‘자기정서인식’,‘타인정서인식’ 이었으며 이에 따른 소주제는‘정서 단어’,‘정서 특성’,‘정서 타당화’,‘표현방법’,‘정서상태표현’,‘걱정·고민 표현’,‘부정적 정서 해소’,‘긍정적 정서 고양’,‘정서재구성’,‘정서 안정화’,‘정서조절전략’,‘자기정서 명료화’,‘자기정서 특성 인식’,‘자기정서 의미 확인’,‘타인감정 추측’,‘감정이입’,‘소통’으로 분류되었다. 이러한 결과에 대한 논의를 제시하였다. In this study, the data obtained by conducting FGI (Focus Group Interview) were analyzed on the subject of which elementary school teachers are providing emotional guidance to class children. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for emotional guidance by revealing the subject of emotion guidance in elementary schools. Therefore, in this study, an FGI was conducted to 14 elementary school teachers who have experience in counseling and guidance as homeroom teachers with the main question of What topics are they mainly dealt with in emotional guidance? . Additionally individual in-depth interviews was conducted. The survey response data obtained through this, the transcript of the FGI interview, the summary of the in-depth interview and the transcript were analyzed and categorized by a comparative analysis method. As a result, six major themes and 17 sub-themes were finally drawn. The major themes were emotional knowledge , emotional expression , emotional change , emotional regulation , self-emotional awareness , other recognition emotion , and the sub-themes were emotional words and emotional characteristics , Emotionalization , Expression method , Emotional state expression , Anxiety and distress expression , Negative emotion relief , Positive emotion elevation , Emotion reconstruction , Emotional stabilization , regulation strategy , clarification of self-emotion , recognition of self-emotional characteristics , checking the meaning of self-emotion , guessing others emotions , Empathy and communication . A discussion of these results was presented.

      • KCI등재

        글로컬화 관점에서의 라이선스 패션잡지의 상호텍스트성 분석

        정경희(Chung, Kyung Hee),이미숙(Lee, Mi Suk) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.3

        패션잡지는 글로벌한 패션 트렌드를 주도해 가는 역할을 담당함과 동시에, 각국의 독특한 패션 문화적 특성을 담아내 왔다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 글로컬화의 관점에서 국내 · 외의 패션잡지의 콘텐츠 및 텍스트 분석을 통해 문화적인 관점에서 동일한 사례를 바라보는 각 나라의 라이선스 패션잡지의 특징과 글로벌, 로컬 문화요소 간의 상호작용이 궁극적으로 잡지콘텐츠에 어떻게 나타나고 있는지를 살펴보는데 있다. 그리고 이러한 분석을 통해, 패션과 패션잡지 산업의 국제화 관련 전략 수립에 필요한 기초 자료와 관련학문의 연구토대를 제공하고자 한다. 연구 방법으로 먼저, 선행연구 고찰을 통해 글로컬 미디어로서 라이선스 패션잡지에 대해 살펴본 다음, 실증적 연구로써 2015년에 발간된 한 · 미 라이선스 패션잡지 「VOGUE」의 목차에 나타난 패션기사의 헤드라인에 대한 내용분석과 상호텍스트성 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 라이선스 패션잡지의 기사를 분석한 결과 「VOGUE KOREA」의 경우, Beauty & Health, Item, Style 관련 기사가 70% 이상을 차지하고 있는 반면, 「VOGUE US」는 Style, Beauty & Health, People, Item, Brand 기사가 유사한 빈도를 보이면서 많이 나타났다. 그리고 과월호에 따른 콘텐츠에 있어서도 미국은 매 과월호에서 변화 있게 콘텐츠가 구성되고 있었다. 둘째, 라이선스 패션잡지 기사의 헤드라인에 나타난 어휘를 분석한 결과, Style 관련기사에서 한국은 패션 소재를 나타내는 어휘와 패션이미지를 표현하는 어휘가 많이 활용되었고 이와 관련된 어휘로 구체적인 패션 아이템 어휘들이 헤드라인에 직접적으로 사용된 반면, 미국은 계절과 관련된 어휘와 패션 아이템, 패션 소재와 관련된 어휘가 패션기사의 헤드라인에 많이 활용되었고, 이와 관련된 패션 문화적으로 의미가 있었던 대중작품의 명칭이나 배역의 이름 등이 직접 사용되는 경우도 많은 것으로 나타났다. Item 관련 헤드라인에서는 드레스 어휘가 슬립, 보헤미안 등의 어휘와 함께 공통적으로 활용되었지만 그 외의 어휘에서는 한국의 경우, 구체적인 패션 아이템 어휘가 활용된 반면, 미국은 스타일을 설명하는 패션 이미지 어휘가 위주로 사용되었다. 그리고 Beauty & Health 관련 기사에서는 뷰티와 메이크업, 향수 등의 어휘가 공통적으로 많이 나타났고, 그 외의 어휘에서는 한국의 경우, 피부, 네일, 미국은 헤어, 피트니스, 립 어휘가 많이 나타나 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론으로는 라이선스 패션잡지는 차별화된 콘텐츠로 잡지를 구성하고 있으며, 기사의 헤드라인에 있어서도 한국은 스타일이나 아이템의 구체적인 특징을 표현하는 어휘를 사용하는 반면, 미국은 스타일이나 아이템의 명칭뿐만 아니라 영화 · 드라마 등 대중문화와 관련된 어휘가 사용되는 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Overseas licensing fashion magazines have been responsible for the important role of leading global fashion trends while at the same time expressing a characteristic closeness to the culture and lifestyle of each country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents and texts of fashion magazines at home and abroad in the aspect of glocalization and examine the characteristics of how license fashion magazines in each country view the same case from a cultural point of view and how interaction between global and local cultural elements appears in magazine contents. This analysis will provide basic information necessary to establish the internationalization strategies of the fashion and fashion magazine industry and the foundation to study related disciplines. The study methodology was the review of previous studies to examine a licensed fashion magazine as the glocal media and the empirical study to analyze the substance and intertextuality of fashion news headlines in the contents of 「VOGUE」, a licensed fashion magazine published in 2015 in Korea and the USA. The results of the study were as follows. First, the news of the licensed fashion magazine were collected. In 「VOGUE KOREA」, beauty & health, item, and style news accounted for more than 70%. On the other hand, 「VOGUE US」 showed similar frequency in style, beauty & health, people, item, and brand news. In the contents of past issues, 「VOGUE US」 differently organized contents in every issue. Second, the vocabulary of headline news in the licensed fashion magazine was analyzed. In style news, 「VOGUE KOREA」 frequently used fashion material and fashion image vocabulary. And in related vocabulary, specific fashion item vocabularies were directly used in the headlines. On the other hand, 「VOGUE US」 frequently applied season-related vocabulary and fashion item and material vocabulary to the fashion news headlines. In many cases, related names of popular works, or cast names which are meaningful in fashion and culture were directly used. In item-related headline news, dress, slip, and Bohemian were commonly used.「VOGUE KOREA」 frequently used fashion item vocabularies. But, in 「VOGUE US」, fashion image vocabularies were used to explain the style. In beauty & health news, beauty, make-up, perfume, fragrance, and scent were commonly used, while skin and nail were commonly used in Korea. Hair, fitness, and lip were frequently used in the USA, suggesting a great difference. In conclusion, licensed fashion magazines had distinctive contents. In Korea, vocabulary which expresses detailed characteristics of style or items was commonly used. On the other hand, in the USA, the name of style or items and popular culture-related vocabulary including movie or drama were frequently used.

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