유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

부모의 창의적 인성과 창의적 가정환경이 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ),조정화 ( Jeong Hwa Cho ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2010 교육문화연구 Vol.16 No.2

This study examined the effects of parents` creative personality and creative home environment on young children`s creative personality. The subjects of this study consisted of 200 young children in six kindergartens and their parents in Incheon and Gyeonggi Province. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Correlation analysis was conducted to understand the relationship between parents` creative personality and young children`s creative personality, and the relationship between creative home environment and young children`s creative personality. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify the relative effects of fathers` creative personality, mothers` creative personality, and creative home environment on young children`s creative personality. The results of the study were as follows. First, fathers` creative personality and mothers` creative personality was positively related to children`s overall creative personality. Second, creative home environment turned out to be positively related to young children`s overall creative personality. Third, young children`s creative personality was most significantly explained by abundant learning environment, followed by respecting children and stimulating to be independent. Parents` creative personality failed to explain significantly young children`s creative personality. The examination of the sub-factors of young children`s creative personality, however, showed that young children`s peculiarity and independence-patience was explained by mothers` curiosity.

부모용 유아 영재성 평정 척도 개발

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ) 미래유아교육학회 2007 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to develop a tool that could be used by parents to discover their children`s giftedness. The subjects were 96 gifted and 160 ordinary young children in Seoul and Gwangju, Korea. The gifted young children`s average age was 57.27 months(SD=10.00) and the ordinary young children`s average age was 62.20 months(SD=10.20). Content validity was produced by 6 experts who rated items for young children`s giftedness. The result of factor analysis showed that 40 items of the original 58 items were related to discover young children`s giftedness. The seven factors explained 67.19% of the total variance. The seven factors were verbal ability, independence, logical thinking, originality, task commitment, humor, and risk-taking. Concurrent validity was indicated by positive correlations between this tool of giftedness and Yoon(1998)`s checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children(r=.56, p<.001). In addition, the test showed significant differences between gifted young children and ordinary young children in 40 items. The test represented high reliability: Cronbach`s α ranged from .83 to .91 for seven subfactors and .96 for total factors. The above results show that the test is the appropriate tool to discover young children`s giftedness.

대한제국기 일본의 울릉도 자원침탈에 따른 대응과 인식

장영숙(Jang, Young-sook) 한국역사연구회 2015 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.95

The Daehan(“Great Han”) Empire, with jurisdiction over the islands of Ulleung-do and Dok-do officialized with Imperial order No. 41 issued in 1900, reinforced its management of the area by replacing the existing Dogam office with a “Gunsu” official. Smuggling materials in and out of the area was banned, and Japanese people settled there illegally were expelled as well. The Japan government, determined to nullify such banning and prevent expulsion, argued that unofficial trades in the regions were ‘necessary ones as they were required by both parties[Korean residents and Japanese immigrants] for survival,’ and the Korean Dogam figure’s collection of taxes from the Japanese was an act of legalizing the Japanese presence there. Japan’s strategy was to let their own people go over to the area in a gradual fashion, form a collective presence there after some passage of time, and then dispatch a representative to the area as well as establish an administrative structure there in the name of protecting those people, effectively rendering the region placed under Japanese protection. It was a typical ploy on their part of expanding territory, as we can see they were trying to annex not only Dok-do but Ulleung-do as well. Ulleung-do was not a trade region in the first place, so for the region to conduct trades with foreigners was illegal to begin with. The Daehan Empire had to consider the Japanese presence there as an unlawful occupation of the area, and could not allow their activities. But the Korean residents in the region, including the Dogam figure who was in charge of caring for them, were conducting unauthorized trades with the Japanese, and the Dogam figure was even illegally collecting taxes from the Japanese residents. Facing the situation, the Daehan Empire decided to publicly acknowledge the Dogam figure’s action of levying taxes upon the ‘Japanese squatters,’ and announced that such tax was essentially a ‘fine’ required upon the Japanese who were engaged in illegal trades in a no-trade zone. The fact that the Japanese people were paying prices for their fishing and trading business in the vicinity of Ulleung-do and Dok-do, should be used as a basis to rebut Japan’s groundless argument of having had jurisdiction over the Dok-do island.

『뎨국신문(帝國新聞)』의 성격과 자료적 가치

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2014 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.58 No.-

『Jeguk-Shinmun』 is a representative media of the period of Daehan empire with 『Hwangsung-Shinmun』 and 『Daehan Maeil Shinbo』. As published for about twelve years from August 1898 to March 1910, it is a valuable data to examine the political and social situation of that time overall. 『Jeguk-Shinmun』 had characteristics of a newspaper of women as it is known. I could see characteristics of a newspaper targeting women as its reader class such as more animated correspondence column from female readers than other newspapers, description data was adopted in <novel> column from early stage to secure female readers, and its struggle to meet female readers`` taste by establishing <domestic science> corner in which women are so much interested. There have been a few changes in the editing system and organization. In chronic deficit, it published ‘brick newspaper’ due to pre-censorship by the Japanese Empire and used to put <advertising> on the front page by changing the arrangement of articles. Since May 1907, it enlarged space drasticallyfrom four-page four-column to four-page six-column. Since 1903, it showed systematic changes such as frequent use of Chinese Characters making it hard to see as whole Korean language paper. 『Jeguk-Shinmun』 has enough value as a basic data showing the period of Daehan empire. The people of that time regarded the bureaucrats as ‘the enemy of the nation’ who dominated the people and did nothing but were greed and vicious. It was recognized that Ching was a babe in the woods that would soon collapse, and Japan would be a powerful country by leading reformation. Besides, it dealt with the living culture history of basic citizens of that time which can be regarded as the research report such as religious activity including shaman faith, traditional culture, and custom of early marriage. In addition, as it was published with wholly Korean language, it showed lots of words and sentences showing the changes in settlement of Hangul (Korean language) from Sino-Korean words and Chinese characters. Therefore, it also has great value of primary source for the researches of modern Korean linguistics and literature.

일제시기 역사지리서에 반영된 간도(間島) 인식

장영숙 ( Young Sook Jang ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2013 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.53 No.-

Japan used to recognize the Gando as a land that belongs to China before they performed investigations to cope with territorial problems through Japanese military HQ in Korea, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Residency-General``s temporary police station in Gando. However, the Japanese regarded that both countries of the Qing Dynasty and Korea have logically right reasons while they investigated the Gando ownership as they advanced into the Gando after robbing diplomatic right. Therefore, they regarded the Gando as a vast in-between zone, no man``s land and neutral zone. After advancing into the Gando, the Japanese needed to set a precondition that the Gando was a Korean territory in order to justify themselves for their national interest. Moreover, there were enough historical and international legal ground to insist that the Gando was a Korean territory. The Gando could be regarded as a Korean territory with some reasons that the Gando has been existed as Korea`s old territory in the history since the first king of Joseon Dynasty, Yi Seong-gye; there were overwhelmingly large number of Korean people living in the Gando and they resisted to the Qing`s suppression with a recognition that they were Korean people; Korea dispatched the Gando managers to control the people of Gando as Korea`s fellow countrymen. Therefore, Japan began to insist that the Gando was Korean territory because Korea`s insistence was valid and they need to advance into Manchuria. The Japanese could have a lot of economic gains from the Gando agreement concluded with the China, but their national image could fall if it was known to the world that they passed over the territorial right of Gando to the China because they accepted that the Gando was a Korean territory. Therefore, the Japanese made a logic to distort the reality by making their image as the ``peacemaker`` or ``peace guardian`` who solved the conflict in the Northeast Asia. So they described it in the historical geography book so as to make it as a matter which was already settled to raise their national image. They neglected the profit they took from the Gando agreement but disguised themselves as a peacemaker and guardian who settled down the conflict between the Korea and China and brought peace. Especially, the Japanese was consistent in clearing out their image as an aggressor nation while describing the history in the Gando region for which the Korea, China and Japan have mingled emotions and understandings. It can be seen as another historical distortion done by the Japanese beside current Dokdo issue.

고종정권하(高宗政權下) 여흥민문(驪興閔門)의 정치적 성장과 내적 균열

장영숙(Jang Young-sook) 한국역사연구회 2010 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.78

The Yeo'heung Min house members formed a power group, as the Sambang group s descendants served in various high-ranking government posts with Empress Myeongseong at the peak. Min Yu-jung s descendants, Min Tae-ho, Min Gyu-ho and Min Yeong-mok, were the disciples of Yu Shin-hwan who inherited Oh Hee-sang s scholastic mantle, and were classified as the Noron Nakpa faction. Yu Shin-hwan stressed the theory of statecraft focused on current affairs and not addicted to a philosophy-centric Neo-confucianism. Yeo'heung Min house members gave active supports for the social issues such as opening the ports, and were actively involved in the enlightenment policy promoted by the King. During the era of Emperor Gojong, Min house members widely served in various high-ranking government posts, including the 26th descendants to 30th descendants of the progenitor, Min Yu-jung s direct families and Sambang group s descendants, and Gongmok·Jiaegongpa descendants that were the collateral family. They held the position of actually controlling the government affairs and 6 important government posts which were not the positions of major ministers, and the position of controlling the press. Furthermore, even in the period of the Daehan Empire after Empress Myeongseong died, they served in major government posts including Gungnae-bu, Weonsu-bu, military and Takji-bu, and contributed to strengthening the emperor s authority and to establishing the authority base. However, as about 20 Min house members were appointed in turn, a faction and a chasm in the house started to form. Min house members led the serious power struggle and they abused power for private purposes. Thus, the Min house members were recognized by the public as a corrupted group that messed up the government s foundation with ill feeling toward the enlightenment cause. Such situation was formed because they just tried to keep and reinforce their power and authority as the power of the house. That is, they ended up going out of existence. Their internal chasms did not give rise to the solidarity of the in-law houses of the royal family, and was instead utilized to reinforce the base of support for the emperor. They could not exist as an influential family surpassing the sovereign power. For that reason, while carrying out the mission of reinforcing the power of the king, they seemed to have performed a complementary role to strengthen and expand their power and vested rights at the same time.

유아교사의 교육신념과 교수효능감의 관계 연구

장영숙(Young Sook Jang),황윤세(Yoon Se Hwang),최미숙(Mi Sook Choi) 한국아동학회 2004 아동학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between educational beliefs and teaching efficacy of early childhood teachers. The subjects were 291 early childhood teachers in Gwangju City and Jeonnam Province. The research showed that teachers` educational beliefs were significantly associated with teaching efficacy for the teachers who have more than five-year-teaching career. In addition, teachers who had maturational educational belief showed higher scores in general teaching efficacy throughout all educational level. Moreover, teachers who had maturational educational belief and interactional educational belief showed higher teaching efficacy scores in public and private kindergartens and private childcare centers.

미술중심의 유아 통합교육 프로그램 개발

장영숙(Young sook Jang),윤혜란(Hae ran Yoon) 朝鮮大學校 師範大學 附設 敎科敎育硏究所 2006 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated arts program for young children. For this purpose, this study investigated the existing literature on arts education and integrated education, and then examined the principles of the development of an integrated arts program. Finally, the integrated arts program was introduced. By using the basic concepts of the arts, the program integrated the five areas of the 6th national curriculum of kindergarten: health life, inquiry life, expression life, language life, and social life. The program also include the integrated activities of inquiry, expression, appreciation which the 6th national curriculum of kindergarten stressed. In addition, the program pursued the integrated education of whole person by emphasizing both emotional development and intellectual development. The integrated arts program is an alternative program to the existing kindergarten arts program. The existing kindergarten arts program educates young children by emphasizing only expression activities without an integrated curriculum. This integrated arts program can be useful for educating young children without separating the different areas.

언어영재 판별도구 개발을 위한 기초 연구

장영숙(Young Sook Jang),구자억(Ja Oek Gu) 한국아동학회 2002 아동학회지 Vol.23 No.6

The test for the identification of verbally gifted children was administered to 323 gifted and average primary school children. Listening, reading, writing were analyzed by statistical methods, and speaking was videotaped for analysis of the interview and discussion process. Cronbach`s α confirmed reliability of the test. There were significant correlations between item scores and total scores. Concurrent validity was indicated by correlations between total scores and language arts scores. The test showed differences between the gifted and average children in reading and writing scores for the 2nd and the 3rd graders, and in listening and reading scores for the 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. Analysis of speaking ability showed that the gifted children expressed their ideas more logically and creatively than the average children.