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51-위상 출력 클록을 가지는 CMOS 위상 고정 루프
이필호,장영찬,Lee, Pil-Ho,Jang, Young-Chan 한국정보통신학회 2014 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.18 No.2
본 논문에서는 125 MHz 목표 주파수의 51-위상 출력 클록을 가지는 전하 펌프 위상 고정 루프(PLL)를 제안한다. 제안된 위상 고정 루프는 51-위상 클록을 출력하면서 최대 동작 주파수를 확보하기 위해 세 개의 전압 제어 발진기(VCO)를 사용한다. 17 단의 지연 소자는 각각의 전압 제어 발진기를 구성하며, 51-위상 클록 사이의 위상 오차를 줄이는 저항 평준화 구조는 세 개의 전압 제어 발진기를 결합시킨다. 제안된 위상 고정 루프는 공급전압 1.0 V의 65 nm 1-poly 9-metal CMOS 공정을 사용한다. 동작 주파수 125 MHz에서 시뮬레이션된 출력 클록의 peak-to-peak 지터는 0.82 ps이다. 51-위상 출력 클록의 차동 비선형성(DNL)과 적분 비선형성(INL)은 각각 -0.013/+0.012 LSB와 -0.033/+0.041 LSB이다. 동작 주파수 범위는 15 ~ 210 MHz이다. 구현된 위상 고정 루프의 면적과 전력 소모는 각각 $580{\times}160{\mu}m^2$과 3.48 mW이다. This paper proposes a charge-pump phase-locked loop (PLL) with 51-phase output clock of a 125 MHz target frequency. The proposed PLL uses three voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) to generate 51-phase clock and increase of maximum operating frequency. The 17 delay-cells consists of each VCO, and a resistor averaging scheme which reduces the phase mismatch among 51-phase clock combines three VCOs. The proposed PLL uses a 65 nm 1-poly 9-metal CMOS process with 1.0 V supply. The simulated peak-to-peak 지터 of output clock is 0.82 ps at an operating frequency of 125 MHz. The differential non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL) of the 51-phase output clock are -0.013/+0.012 LSB and -0.033/+0.041 LSB, respectively. The operating frequency range is 15 to 210 MHz. The area and power consumption of the implemented PLL are $580{\times}160{\mu}m^2$ and 3.48 mW, respectively.
Regioselective Addition Reactions of the Organoindium Reagents onto α, β-Unsaturated Ketones
이필호,Hyun Kim,이구연,Dong Seomoon,Sundae Kim,Heechul Kim,Hyunseok Kim,Miae Lee,Eunkyong Shim,Seokju Lee,Misook Kim,Mijeong Han,Kwanghyun Noh,Madabhushi Sridhar 대한화학회 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.11
Regioselectivity on the reactions of α,β-enones with organoindium such as in situ generated allylindium and allenylindium was systematically studied in the presence of TMSCl as an additive. Treatment of 2-cyclohexen- 1-one, carvone, 2-cyclohepten-1-one, and chalcone with allylindium reagent produced 1,4-addition products in good yields, while 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 4,4-dimethylcyclohexen-1-one, 3- nonen-2-one, 4-hexen-3-one, and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one afforded 1,2-addition products. Indium reagent derived from indium and propargyl bromide in Grignard type gave addition products in good yields, under which the successive addition of α,β-enone and TMSCl were necessary. Although organoindium reagent derived from propargyl bromide produced propargylated compound in Grignard type except 2-cyclohepten-1- one, indium reagent obtained from 1-bromo-2-butyne having γ-methyl group gave allenylated product in Barbier type.
Free Radical-mediated Ring Expansion Reactions:Endocyclic Cleavage of Cyclopropylcarbinyl Radicals
이필호,이병철,이구연,이창희,장숙복,Lee, Pil Ho,Lee, Byeong Cheol,Lee, Gu Yeon,Lee, Chang Hui,Jang, Suk Bok Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.6
Ring expansion reactions via endocyclic cleavage of cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals derived from the reaction of [1-benzyloxycarbonylbicyclo[n. 1.O]alk-(n+l)-yl] -1-imidazolethiocarboxylates with tributyltin hydride/AIBN proceeded to produce 3-cycloalkenecarboxylates in good yields. Benzyl (5'-phenoxypentyl) -3-cyclohepten-1 -carboxylate was obtained in 33% yield from the reaction of benzyl 5-methylenebicyclo [4. 1.0]- 1-carboxylates with 4-phenoxybutyl iodide under radical conditions. Selective cleavage of endocyclic bond in cyclopropane to the cyclohexane, results from stabilization of the resultant radical by the carbonyl groups, such as the benzyloxycarbonyl group, which lower the transition state energy for the final cyclopropane cleavage in the ring expansion.
이필호,방극찬,안효순,이구연,Lee, Pil Ho,Bang, Geuk Chan,An, Hyo Sun,Lee, Gu Yeon Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.12
In situ generated homoallenylindium reagents derived from the reaction of indium with 4-bromo-3-[(tri-methylsilyl) methyl]-1,2-butadiene reacted with a variety of aldehydes in DMF to produce 2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) homoallenylsilanes at room temperatu re in good to excellent yields. 2- or 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde that contains labile hydrogen was reacted with homoallenylindium reagent to provide the homoallenylsilanes. In the case of 4-formylbenzoic acid, the desired compound was produced in 88% yield. 4-Bromo-3-[(trimethyl-silyl) methyl]-1,2-butadiene was prepared from monoacetylation and mesylation of 2-butyn-1,4-diol, addition of trimethylsilylmethyl anion, saponification and mesylation followed by Finkelstein reaction.
이필호,박규칠,윤종락,Lee, Phil-Ho,Park, Kyu-Chil,Yoon, Jong-Rak 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3
The ship radiated noise appear the various characteristic signals due to the mechanic system in the ship, the propeller and the interaction between ship body and sea water. Generally, it is classified two main components: the speed dependent signal and the speed independent signal. It is required that very complex procedure to classify the signal origin from the ship-radiated noise. This paper presents techniques to automatically detect and classify the tonal signals ken the ship-radiated noise, using the Q factor and the neural network. 여러 형태의 Tonal 신호로 나타내어지는 선박 수중방사소음 원인을 효율적으로 분류하기 위해서 Tonal 신호를 잡음으로부터 분리하고 임계값을 초과하는 Tonal 신호를 자동으로 추출하였다. 추출된 신호의 발생기원이 속력 종속적인지 속력 비종속적인지 여부를 Q factor및 신경회로망의 패턴인식 기법을 이용하여 자동으로 판별하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한, 수치 시뮬레이션 및 실제 수중에서 측정된 선박소음에 적용하여 제안된 알고리즘의 유용성 여부에 대하여 검토하였다.
A Convenient Allylation of 1,n-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Organoindium Reagents
이필호,동서문,이구연,Lee, Pil Ho,DongSeo, Mun,Lee, Gu Yeon Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.12
The chemoselective reactions of 1,n-dicarbonyl compounds with allyl halides using indium metal were investigated. $\alpha-Ketoesters$ such as ethyl pyruvate, ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and ethyl benzoylformate reacted with a variety of allyl halides i n the presence of indium to afford hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields in MeOH/HCl at $25^{\circ}C.$ For the allyl bromide, the presence of various substituents at the $\alpha$ or $\gamma$ position exhibited little effects on both the reaction rates and yields. Ethyl acetoacetate or ethyl levulinate was treated with allylindium reagent to give hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good yield. These results mean that both reactivity and selectivity are independent of the distance between carbonyl groups. 2,3-Butanedione or 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione reacted with allylindium to produce monoallylation product as major compound.