하.해저터널 배수 및 비배수 설계개념 및 사례

이규필,신종호,Lee, Gyu-Pil,Sin, Jong-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2008 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간 Vol.10 No.1

『주자대전』 주석서와 『주자대전차의문목표보』

이규필(Lee, Gyu-pil) 대동한문학회 2011 大東漢文學 Vol.34 No.-

주자학 연구는 크게 『주자대전』을 절요ㆍ선집하는 흐름과 주석서를 통해 해석하는 흐름이 있다. 주석은 절요ㆍ선집 및 『주자대전』 전체에 모두 시도되었다. 대산의 『주자대전차의문목표보』는 그중에서도 우암의 『주자대전차의』와 농암의 『차의문목』을 잇는 주석서이다. 『표보』는 우암의 초고와 그 속에 들어있던 文谷手籤, 또 농암의 필사본 『차의문목』을 일일이 대조ㆍ고찰하여, 주요 성과를 모두 수합하였다. 그리고 민우수 등 우암 이후의 주요 학자들의 선행업적을 수용하는 한편, 김근순과 홍석주 등 당대 학자들의 노력까지 아울러, 24권 12책으로 묶었다. 그 성과로는 무엇보다 1∼3권까에 『문목』에서 다루지 못한 채 빠뜨린 주석 보완을 들 수 있다. 다음으로 『차의』와 『문목』에서 밝히지 못한 고유명사 등을 일일이 찾아 바로잡았다. 그리고 만년정론을 고증하여 바로잡기도 하였고, 宋明 代의 소설 속 백화를 근거로 어휘의 의미를 밝혔다. 마지막으로 『표보』 찬술에 주자 문장을 철저히 분석하여 학습함으로써 학술 문장을 정립하려는 목적이 있음을 분명히 하였다. 이후 『표보』는 한장석, 서응순, 민태호 등 대산 이후 조선 학계를 대표하는 학자들에 의해 교수되어 간행되었고, 이 성과와 흐름은 후배학자 이항로와 전우 등에게로 계승되었다. Flows of study are divied into two groups approximatively, - One is cutting and summing up, putting together a collection, the other is interpreting commentaries. Commentaries were tried all over : cutting - summing up, putting together a collection and the whole 〈Juja Daejeon〉 From among these, 〈Juja Daejeon Cha-eui Munmokpyobo〉 of Daesan is commentaries that receive U-am’s〈Juja Daejeon Daejeon〉 and Nong-am’s 〈Cha-eui Munmok〉. In 〈Pyobo〉, Daesan checked and compared U-am’s first draft and 〈Mungoksucheom : which is in this first draft〉, Nong-am’s manuscript 〈Cha-eui Munmok〉 one by one. And he collected major result. On the one hand, he accepted precedent achievements of leading scholars after U-am (Minwoosoo etc.), on the other hand, he encompassed efforts of contemporary scholars (KimKeunsoo and Hongsukjoo etc.) and collected into 24 volums and 12 books. The fruits of these are, above all, supplements to commentaries which weren’t dealed and missed out in 〈Munmok〉 through vol. 1∼3. Moreover, he seached proper nouns one by one which weren’t in 〈Cha-eui〉 and 〈Munmok〉, and correctd them. He identified vocabularies’s meanings based on spoken style in novel of Sung dynasty. And he confirmed his aim to establish academic sentences by analyzing thoroughly and studyng Juja’s sentenaces. Since then, 〈Pyobo〉 was gaved tuition and published by scholars representing Chosun dynasty (Hanjangseok, Seoeungsoon, Mintaeho etc.) These fruits and flows were succeed to junior scholars(Leehangro and Jeonwoo etc.).

18,9세기 과거제 문란과 부정 행위 -『무명자집』의 사례릉 중심으로-

이규필 ( Gyu Pil Lee ) 한국한문고전학회 2013 한문고전연구 Vol.27 No.1

This study considers disorder and cheating of 18~9th century`s Gwageo(the highest-level state examination to recruit ranking officials) by types according to a time order, and approaches the actual circumstances. At the time, the class of Yangban(gentry) was expanded and earthy. This phenomenon was interlinked with the rise in competition rate of Gwageo, so the Gwageo system became disorder disorderly and officer`s qualification was lowered. Bribe and request was rampant, there was the leaking of test questions before the examination or successful candidate had already been nominated. There were all kinds of cheating on an examination, for example, fight over a position, cheating, proxy examination, team examination paper writing, change of examination site, exchange of examination papers, making and submission out of examination site. On the way of examination paper`s submission, conspiring with Proctors, many candidates exchanged secret codes suggested the pass by make requester`s name known, intercepted others` success by changing test papers. After th test time they bribed Proctors, exchanged the examining papers by the bundle and fabricated grades and readjusted success or failure outflowing the results. These illegalities were involved with not only Proctor, but also people of every class, such as poor literary persons, government officials and soldiers, administrations bond servants. To sum up, the field of 18~9th century`s This study considers disorder and cheating of 18~9th century`s Gwageo(the highest-level state examination to recruit ranking officials) by types according to a time order, and approaches the actual circumstances. At the time, the class of Yangban(gentry) was expanded and earthy. This phenomenon was interlinked with the rise in competition rate of Gwageo, so the Gwageo system became disorder disorderly and officer`s qualification was lowered. Bribe and request was rampant, there was the leaking of test questions before the examination or successful candidate had already been nominated. There were all kinds of cheating on an examination, for example, fight over a position, cheating, proxy examination, team examination paper writing, change of examination site, exchange of examination papers, making and submission out of examination site. On the way of examination paper`s submission, conspiring with Proctors, many candidates exchanged secret codes suggested the pass by make requester`s name known, intercepted others` success by changing test papers. After th test time they bribed Proctors, exchanged the examining papers by the bundle and fabricated grades and readjusted success or failure outflowing the results. These illegalities were involved with not only Proctor, but also people of every class, such as poor literary persons, government officials and soldiers, administrations bond servants. To sum up, the field of 18~9th century`s

현토와 小學諺解 및 四書諺解의 經文 해석

이규필(Lee, Gyu-pil) 대동한문학회 2018 大東漢文學 Vol.54 No.-

논자는 지난 연구에서 현토 ‘한대’와 ‘(이)어늘’을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 비슷한 의미로 쓰이는 두 현토는 의미 뿐 아니라 쓰이는 규칙이 다름이 밝혀 졌다. 거기에는 口語的 혼용이 없었으며, 각각 명확한 문법적 질서를 지니고 있었다. 그리고 論語 경문에 대한 이 두 현토의 상황 해석이 중화서국의 표점 정리보다 합리적이고 논리적인 측면이 있으며, 나아가 한층 일관적 임도 밝혔다. 본고는 ‘한대’와 ‘(이)어늘’을 이어 몇몇 현토들을 검토함으로써 앞에 제기한 일련의 지점을 더욱 분명히 논증하고자 작성되었다. 그 결과 본 논문 에서도 역시 앞의 논문의 논증에서 얻은 세 가지 사실이 틀리지 않은 것이 었음을 더욱 확실하게 확인할 수 있었다. ‘(이)나’와 ‘(이)라도’, ‘(이)면’과‘(이)어든’과 ‘인댄’, ‘며’와 ‘고’ 등 서로의 자리에 바꾸어 써도 무방해 보이는 가까운 현토들 사이에도 나름의 의미와 그에 따른 규칙이 명확히 있었고, 그 규칙은 모든 현토마다 예외 없이 엄격하게 지켜졌다. 이를 바탕으로 해당 현토의 용법과 의미를 정확히 규명하여 경서 해석에 있어 조선조 지식인들이 어떻게 경문을 분석하고 해석했는지에 대해 고찰 하였으며, 또 교정청언해와 율곡언해의 경문 해석의 태도와 시각차를 미묘한 지점까지 변별하고 밝혀낼 수 있다는 가능성을 아울러 논하였다. 본 연구를 계기로 경학과 경서 번역에 대한 담론이 더욱 풍부해지고 첨예해질 것이라 기대한다. In my previous research I have looked at the commentary such as ‘Handae’ and ‘(i)Eouneul’. As a result, it turns out that the two used in similar meaning differ not only in meaning but also applied rules. Each had a clear grammatical order and that the interpretation of the two situations of Chinese Classic Texts is very reasonable and logical, and even more consistent. This paper examines some horns after ‘Handae’ and ‘(i)Eouneul’. As a result, I can confirm the results obtained in the previous paper. Like between ‘(i)Na’ and ‘(i)Rado’, between ‘(i)Myeon’ and ‘(i)Eodeun’･ ‘(i)ndean’. between ‘Hamyeo’ and ‘Hago’ there was a clear meaning between the similar things and their rules. And the rules were strictly followed without exceptions. Based on this, this study accurately explains the usage and meaning of comentary, and examined how the intellectuals of Joseon Dynasty analyzed and interpreted the text. I also discussed the possibility that the attitude and visual difference of Gyojeongcheongeounhae and Yulgokeounhae interpretation can be distinguished and delineated to a subtle point. It is expected that the discourse related to chinese classics will become more abundant and sharp.

특집논문 : 무명(無名)의 선비, 기록으로 말하다 ; 무명자(無名子) 윤기(尹기)의 생애(生涯)와 교유(交遊)

이규필 ( Gyu Pil Lee ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2015 大東文化硏究 Vol.89 No.-

尹기의 생애는 선행 연구에서 전반적인 면모가 대체적으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 그의 문학을 이해하기 위해 꼭 조명되어야 할 삶과 교유에서의 주요 국면이 다수 누락되었고, 그의 삶이 가지는 의미의 재조명도 필요하다. 본고는 이러한 목적에서 집필되었다. 윤기는 평생 지독한 가난으로 집 한 칸 변변히 마련하지 못해 생애의 대부분을 셋방살이로 전전했다. 이사만 스무 번 가까이 하였는데 대략 4~5년마다 옮겨 다닌 셈이다. 윤기가 전전했던 마을은 義洞과 蓮花坊시절을 제외하면 대체로 남대문 밖에서 서대문 밖으로 이어지는 窮巷이었다. 윤기가 살았던 시대는 집안이 한미한 사람은 文科에 급제하기가 극도로 어려웠고, 문과에 급제하더라도 관직에 진출하면 부와 명예를 모두 이룰 수 있었던 조선초기와 현저히 달랐다. 관직에 진출하여 당당히 사대부가 된 뒤로도 무너진 집안의 위상은 회복되지 못했고, 고단한 생활상은 常民보다 못한 처지가 되었다. 윤기의 삶곳곳에서 양반 사회 붕괴와 해체의 징후를 읽을 수 있다. 노년의 윤기는 사회의 부조리한 현실에 대해 많은 글을 남겼다. 특히 科擧制度에 관심을 가지고 부정의 양상과 비리를 고발하였다. 69세에 과거장의 청탁과 농간에 대해 3편의 시를 지었다. 73세에는 大司成韓致應(1760~1824)에게 편지를 보내어 폐단을 바로잡아 달라고 요청하였고, 74세에는 두 차례에 걸쳐 과거제의 문제점, 관리들의 비리와 청탁, 과장 안에서 벌어지는 각종 부정행위 등을 두루 고발하였다. 이후로도 ‘科說’이란 편명으로 거의 매년 과거제의 폐단과 과거장의 百態를 고발하였다. 그의 학문 세계는 스승 星湖李瀷(1681~1763)과 관련해서 생각할 수 있다. 윤기는 星湖만년에 세 차례에 걸쳐 찾아뵙고 小學問目을 올려 질정받았다. 또 天圓地方說의 예에서 보듯 윤기는 성호의 학문과 실학적 사유를 계승하였음이 분명하다. 윤기는 西學에 경도되는 대신 東人意識을 자각하고, ‘일상에서의 합리적(과학적) 사유의 훈련’이란 측면에서 성호의 학문을 계승한 듯하다. Through advanced research, the general aspect of Yun-ki(尹기)`s life has been revealed. However, this former study was left out of the main aspects of his life and companionship to understand his literature, so we should shed new light on the meaning of his life. This paper was written to research that purpose. Yun-ki was so poor that he could not afford to buy a house. He lived inlodgings his whole life, and he moved about 20 times. This meant that he roughly moved once every four or five years. Yun-ki`s house was located in an obscure alley, through Namdaemun to Seodaemun but bypassing Uidong(義洞) and Yeonhwabang(蓮花坊). At that time, even though he passed the test called Mungwa(文科), he could not achieve wealth and honor because he was from a low-class family. It was totally different compared with early Choseon society. After being a nobleman, called Sadaebu (士大夫), he could not revive his collapsed family and his life was not better than that of a commoner, which was called Sangmin(常民). We can read about the collapse of yangban(兩班) society and signs of dissolution through Yun-ki`s life. In old age, Yun-ki wrote lots of writings about the absurd reality of society. He was especially interested in Gwageo(科擧), and then charged corruption and irregularities. When he was 69 years old, he composed three poems of request and trick in Gwageo place. As he was 73 years old, he requested for correcting an abuse sending a letter to Han Chi-eung(韓致應, 1760~1824), and after one year, he was twice accused of problems of Gwageo, corruption and request of administration, and cheating which occurred in Gwageo Place. This was even after he had charged various evils of Gwageo with the purpose of Gwaseol(科說) almost every year. The world of his literature is related to Seongho(星湖) Yi-ik(李瀷, 1681~1763), who was his teacher. Yun-ki visited Yi-ik three times, and got a correction to Sohakmunmok 小學問目. Also as seen in the Cheonwonjibangseol 天圓地方說, he obviously succeeded to Yi-ik`s study and thinking structure of Silhak(實學). Instead of Seohak(西學), Yun-ki realized awareness of Dongin(東人) and was likely to succeed in the aspect of ``training of scientific thought in daily life``.

尹愭의 仕宦期 시의 특징과 세계

이규필(Gyu-Pil Lee) 대동한문학회 2014 大東漢文學 Vol.40 No.-

윤기는 2천수가 넘는 시를 남긴 다작의 작가이다. 본고는 그 가운데서 윤기의 사환기 시의 특징에 대해 살펴보려는 목적 아래 작성되었다. 벼슬길에 오른 이후 윤기의 시세계는 약간의 변모와 확장을 보인다. 그 특징을 넷으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 첫째, 출사 초기에는 節日과 관련한 故事를 집성한시를 많이 지었다. 중국 고사를 대거 인용한 '記故事' 류의 시는 자손들 교육용 목적으로 지었고, 우리 풍속을 자세히 소개한 '記東俗' 류의 시는 우리 풍속을 고사로 전범화하려던 시도라고 판단된다. 둘째, 가탁을 통한 인정과 물태의 묘파도 이 시기 시의 특징이다. 셋째, 다양한 형식의 시체가 창작되었다. 八音詩, 建除體 등 잡체시가 창작되었고, 艶體나 囉嗊曲 등과 같은 歌行도 창작되었다. 넷째, 소재와 제재의 변모와 확장 역시 두드러진다. 이러한 시세계의 변모는 그 내용에 있어서도 변화를 가져와, 이전 시기의 시와 달리 당대 사회상이 작품 속에 포착되어 있다. 양극화가 진행되는 19세기 양반 계층의 모습과 그들을 대하는 조선 사회의 인식의 변화상이 약여하게 담겨있고, 고질화된 관료사회의 비리와 부정이 적나라하게 고발되어 있다. 아울러 당시 조선을 휩쓸었던 질병과 전국 사람들의 이목을 집중시켰던 사건들을 통해 당시 민심과 정부의 대응 및 지식인들의 동향을 생생하게 묘사하였으며, 당시 서울의 자연 경관과 저자 거리의 모습 역시 그림처럼 그려져 있다. 요컨대 윤기의 시는 개인 역정의 기록이기도 한 동시에, 오늘날 사람들이 19세기 사회를 더욱 현실감 있게 바라보고 이해할 수 있는 자료 사진의 역할도 겸하고 있다. 그런 의미에서 詩史的 성격 역시 매우 강하게 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다. Yunki(尹愭) is a prolific writer who left more than 2,000 works behind. Among them, this study research the he characteristics and the world of Yunki's poetry in his government post time. After he entered government service, his poetry world showed transformation and expansion. This characteristics are sorted into three. First, in the early time of going into government service, he composed poems that gathered and formed subdivisions and the historical facts. The purposes is descendant's education(a type of Gigosa(記故事) which quoted China's historical facts), and trial to standardization of our poetry ' custom(a type of Gidongsok(記東俗) which introduced our customs in detail). Second, description and grasp of compassion object on the plea is this time's characteristics. Third, various style's poetry is created. The Miscellaneous Style Poetry is created, for example Palumsi(八音詩), Gunjeche(建除體) and so on, Ga-Haeng(歌 行)s were created, for example Youmche(艶體), Nahonkok(囉嗊曲). Forth, material and subject matter's transformation and expansion stood out. This transformation brought changes in content characteristics, so the works caught and showed social aspects of the day. The noblemen's figure of 19thC when the polarization had become more serious was described vividly, and the dishonest public servants was prosecuted. And, through illness swept Chosun, and the events were the focus of the public attention, popular sentiment, government's reaction and intellectuals' trend is in his poetry. The natural view and the figure of street is described vividly like a picture. Yunki's poetry is his personal journey's document. At the same time it play the role of picture that shows the society of 19thC livelily to today's people. In this sense, his works has poetry historical characteristic very strongly.

중일(中日) 학자 비평을 통해 본 대산(臺山)의 학문적 입장 일고찰(一考察)

이규필 ( Gyu Pil Lee ) 한국한문고전학회 2009 한문고전연구 Vol.19 No.1

Deasan Kim mea-sun red books extensively covering all sort of books of the day, through it, he made a minute diagnosis of academic world of Chosun. Although he was moralist and confucianist, he researched and took study more flexibly, in this process he remained 『Kwoulyeosanpil』 describing his thinking freely six volumes and three books. Kim kwi-sun(1793-1869), Deasan`s cousin, evaluated deasan`s this excellent work (『Kwoulyeosanpil』) `These several tens of chapters are the essential of 『Mummokpyobo』『Yugo』`-Frankly speaking, it is no exaggeration to say that this remarks cover the whole volume of 『Kwoulyeosanpil』. There are criticisms on scholars more than ten scholars of the Ming·Ching dynasty including 顧炎武, 陸롱其, 阮元 Japanese scholar 太宰純. All of them had considerable influence on academic world of the Ming·Ching Dynasty and Japan, Deasan remained short criticism, it was impression criticism, almost he pointed out their academic quality of them very sharply and criticize logically. This thesis researched point of view and thought of later Chosun`s confucian scholars on the bibliographical study, Buddhism the philosophy of Wang Yang-ming, through the criticism of Deasan on the scholars of the Mign·Ching Dynasty and Japan.

『燕槎錄』에 드러난 朴齊寅의 상업 경제에 대한 관심

이규필(Gyu-Pil Lee) 대동한문학회 2023 大東漢文學 Vol.74 No.-

이 논문은 朴齊寅(1818~1884)의 『燕槎錄』을 고찰하여, 그 속에 담긴 경제에 대한 그의 관심을 고찰한 것이다. 박제인의 『燕槎錄』에 대해서는 일찍이 선행연구들이 다룬 적이 있다. 선행연구들은 북학사상, 마두, 청심환 등에 주목하여 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 하례의 조직과 역할, 마두들의 신분, 외교에서 청심환의 중요성 등이 규명되었다. 다만 그 과정에서 선행연구들 역시 경제적 이윤의 측면을 단편적으로 언급하고 있었다. 그것은 『연사록』 곳곳에 담긴 경제에 대한 박제인의 관심을 선행연구자들 역시 얼마간 감지하고 있었음을 보여주는 하나의 징표이다. 이에 본고는 경제 문제와 관련하여 『연사록』을 집중적으로 고찰해 보았다. 그래서 점포 경영 전략, 화폐 경제, 상품 경제 등을 중심으로 점포의 접객 시스템, 광고 전략, 브랜딩 전략을 비롯하여 화폐 경제의 실상은 물론 상품 관리, 브랜드 관리, 유통 관리, 정과 관리, 신뢰성 관리, 고객 관리 등의 측면에서 박제인의 관심을 실증적으로 탐색해 보았다. 요컨대 박제인의 『연사록』은 단순한 『열하일기』 류의 북학사상 계승에 충실한 연행록에 그치지 않는다. 19세기 청나라 시장 경제의 변화에 매우 예각화된 관심과 문제의식을 내비치고 있고, 그에 따라 변화하는 우리나라 기층민의 의식과 경제활동 양상도 포착된 저술이다. 이러한 지점이 18세기 연행록과 19세기 연행록이 현저히 달라지는 대표적인 징표 가운데 하나라고 생각하다. This paper examines Park Je-in's (1818~1884)『YeonSa-rok(燕槎錄)』and examines his interest in the economy contained in them. Previous studies have dealt with Park Je-in's 『YeonSa-rok(燕槎錄)』 earlier. In previous studies, studies were conducted focusing on Bukhak ideology(北學思想), Madu(馬頭, A state slave), and Cheongsimhwan(淸心丸, A kind of tranquilizer). As a result, the organization and role of national slaves, the status of Madu, and the importance of Cheongsimhwan in diplomacy were identified. In the process, previous studies mentioned the aspect of economic profit in fragments. This is evidence of the following facts. It is that previous studies have also detected that Park Je-in's interest in the economy is contained in the 『YeonSa-rok』. In this paper, we intensively reviewed the 『YeonSa-rok』 in relation to economic issues. Therefore, it was mainly considered focusing on hotel management strategy, currency economy, and commodity economy. In addition, the hotel's service system, advertising strategy, and branding strategy were highlighted. In addition, aspects such as product management, brand management, price management, reliability management, and customer management were highlighted, including the reality of the monetary economy. The process of all these studies was tried to prove based on specific data. In short, Park Je-in's 『YeonSa-rok』 is not only a simple 『Yolha-Ilgi(熱河日記)』 type of Yeonhaeng-rok(燕行錄, A record of a diplomatic trip to Beijing) that is faithful to the succession of Bukhak ideology. It shows a very acute interest and problem consciousness in the changes in the market economy of the Qing Dynasty(淸朝) in the 19th century. In addition, it is a work that captures the consciousness and economic activities of the Korean lower class people that change accordingly. I think this point is one of the representative signs of significant difference between the 18th century Yeonhaeng-rok and the 19th century Yeonhaeng-rok.

無名子 尹愭의 의식 세계 고찰

이규필(Lee, Gyu-pil) 대동한문학회 2012 大東漢文學 Vol.36 No.-

선행연구에서 윤기에게서 ‘근대적 사유’를 논하는 것은 다소 과도한 의미 부여라고도 판단되지만 그 현실비판의식만은 돌올하고, 그 비판만큼이나 자기 내면을 향한 반성적 사유도 단단하다. 다만 윤기의 경우 남다른 자기의식은 주목되는데, 지식인으로서 자아를 지키고자 하는 반성적 사유나 날카로운 현실 고발의 목소리가 여기에서 발로한 면이 없지 않다. 윤기는 몰락한 남인계 양반의 집안에서 태어났는데, 詩文에는 어려서부터 남다른 재능을 보였다. 그러나 한미한 출신이 문제되어 과거에 낙방하고, 승진에도 번번이 누락하였다. 이때 名門의 자제에만 관심을 두는 세상의 시선을 보고 ‘名’에 대해 자각했고, 이로 인해 ‘無名이 실질’이라는 무명의식을 형성하였다. 또 한미한 출신으로 인해 주류사회와 동료사회에서 소외당하였다. 이때 소외자로서 세운 의식이 局外者의 의식이다. 윤기는 국외자로서 사회에 무관심하고 무책임했던 태도를 선택하지 않고, 오히려 국외자이기 때문에 자기 역할과 장점이 있음을 각성하여 자신의 현실 참여 의식을 드러내었다. 만년에는 계속되는 외면과 공격 속에 벙어리로 살기로 다짐하면서 특유의 벙어리 선언을 하여 자신을 승화하였다. 이 세 국면의 의식이 바탕이 되어 사대부 사회의 부조리를 날카롭게 고발하고, 사람들의 선입견과 편견을 넘어 세상을 새로이 해석하는, 개성 넘치는 윤기의 문학을 이루었다고 판단한다. In advanced research, to discuss Yoonki’s modem thinking is to put too much meaning, but his critical consciousness is remarkable and his self-reflective thinking is solid, too. Yoonki’s uncommon self-consciousness is very notableness, this became starting-point of his self-reflective thinking as an the intelligentsia and critical consciousness against the world. Yoonki was born in a fallen noble family of Namin family line, he showed a remarkable talent for poetry and prose. But low birth class became a problems, so he failed in an examination and he was excluded in promotion all the time. At that time he realized “Myung”(名), through view of which people only pay attention to noble birth. With this, he formed ‘Moomyung-consciousness(無名:obscurity)’ which means Moomyung (obscurity) is actual and real. And he was excluded by mainstream society colleague society because of low birth class. Form this he built an ‘Kukoija’-consciousness(局外者:outsider). Although Yoonki was an outsider, he wasn’t irresponsible and indifferent either. Rather than that, he realized his own role and advantage as a outsider, so he revealed his participation consciousness. In later years, in endless outcasting and personal attack, he decide to live as a speech-impaired person, he sublimate himself declaring to remain mute. From these three consciousness, he could criticize irregularities of nobleman society sharply, he could build his unique literature which interpret the world newly beyond prejudice and preconception.

대전본(大全本) 사서장구집주(四書章句集注)의 음주(音注)에 대한 일고찰(一考察) - 『대학장구(大學章句)』와 『중용장구(中庸章句)』를 中心으로 -

이규필 ( Lee Gyu-pil ) 한국한문고전학회 2017 한문고전연구 Vol.34 No.1

This study investigates the phonetic features (音注) of Daejeonbon(大全本), a variorum edition of the Four Chinese Books(四書音注), via examining how the study of its phonetic characteristics consists of a significant part of comprehension and explication of the Four Chinese Books, particularly for the purpose of teaching the text at Chinese language training institutes or in the college classroom. Learning the Four Chinese Books in the Joseon Dynasty was rendered entirely through the collected annotations of Daejeonbon. And the current education of the Chinese classics is still performed with the particular edition because many of the specialized training institutions and departments of chinese literature and language in the universities of South Korea are still in use of the annotated collections of the Four Chinese Books as the primary text to learn it. Granted that the arrangement for the phonetic study should be done for the entire Four Chinese Books, the main discussion of this article is converged around the Great Learning(大學) and the Doctrine of the Mean (中庸). Hence, this essay is primarily focused on the phonetic subject of the two classic texts in order to clarify my argument. The phonetics features of the edition can be divided into six parts: Tones(聲調), Ruzi(如字), Reading(讀), Sound(音), Fanqie(反·切), and combinations of the two or more. Based on the classification and the explication of those different types, this article deals with `the problems in establishing the Neo-Confucius view of the Chinese classics,` `the problems of Neo-Confucious scholars` interpretation of the classical texts`, and `the close reading and new interpretation of Zhu Xi`s Annotation (章句集注)`. In addition, I examine such phonetic dimensions as `the precise phonetic values and the pronunciation system of the Chinese in Joseon Dynasty`, also investigating the `literary device and musicality of the Chinese classics` together. Throughout the discussion, this study reasons the purpose of attaching the phonetic annotations to the variorum edition of the Four Chinese Books. In so doing, I come to conclude that the understanding and utilization of the phonetic features of the Confucius classics comprises a significant part of the research and education of the Four Chinese Books, especially in our time.