출토 인골의 유전자분석-나주 복암리 3호분 옹관 인골을 중심으로

이규식,정용재,한성희,이명희,한면수,최동호,Lee, Kyu-Sik,Chung, Yong-Jae,Han, Sung-Hee,Lee, Myong-Hee,Han, Myun-Soo,Choi, Dong-Ho 국립문화재연구소 1999 保存科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

We have analyzed the allele and genotype frequencies from 10 fractions of ancient human skeleton in 3 pieces of Jar coffin excavated from Naju Bokamni3rd tumulus by PCR amplification, high resolution polyacrylamide gelelectorphoresis and silver staining. We could isolate human genomic DNA from 3 bone fractions but the rest of them could not be used as materials due to being decayed. We could detect sex determination as male and 3 genotypes of STR system, HUMTHO1, HUMTPOX and HUMC5F1PO from the bone fraction of left side in Jar coffin 3 and see the slightly reaction suggesting the sex as male from the bone fraction of the left side in Jar coffin 2 and female from the right side in Jar coffin 3.We have also analyzed the genotype frequencies of mitochondria from the bone fractions of the left side and the right side in jar coffin 3, respectively. From the result of indetifiying at nucletide position between 16018 and 16378of the base of hyper variable region(HV1) in the control region, We can presume that the both bones have the same maternal inheritance.

목조문화재의 원형보존을 위한 충해 방제방안

이규식,정소영,정용재,Lee, Kyu-Sik,Jeong, So-Young,Chung, Yong-Jae 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

OECD 국가를 중심으로 한 의료개혁 동향과 교훈

이규식 ( Kyu Sik Lee ),김주경 ( Ju Kyeong Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 2004 병원경영학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Health policies in many countries have come under critical scrutiny in recent years. This is because of increasing national health expenditures. Also many persons in health sector have been the perception that resources allocated to health services are not always deployed in an optimal fashion. And they believe that the scope of resources in health services is limited, there is need to search for ways of using existing resources more efficiently. A further concern has been the desire to ensure access to healthcare of various groups on an equitable basis. In some European countries this has been linked to a wish to enhance patient choice and to make service providers more responsive to consumers, while Korea integrated health insurance funds into single fund in 2000. Many European countries are under considerable pressure to review and restructure their health care systems. There are several reasons of pressure to reform. There are demographic changes, pattern of disease change, advances in medical sciences will also give rise to new demands within the health services, public expectations of health services are rising as those who use services demand higher standards of care. These circumstances require the change of health care delivery system based on hierarchical regionalism, which was basis of health care delivery since 1920s. Korea is also under similarly pressure to restructure our own health care systems. We will have good learning from OECD experiences. In this paper we reviewed and compared among OECD countries` various experiences.

네덜란드의 의료개혁에 관한 연구

이규식(Kyu-Sik Lee),정기택(Kee-Taig Jung),김철중(Chul-Joong Kim) 건강복지정책연구원 2008 건강복지정책연구원 발표논문 Vol.8 No.1

네덜란드에서는 2006년 1월 新건강보험법이 발효되면서 건강보험의 개혁이 이루어졌다. 건강보험 개혁의 핵심은, 전 국민을 강제 적용하는 사회보험의 관리를 정부주도에서 국민이 보험자를 선택할 수 있도록 한 관리된 경쟁시스템의 도입에 있다. 또한 공평한 재정 부담의 원칙하에 국민의 선택권을 보장하였고, 정부의 역할을 보험운영에 관한 최소한의 규제와 위험분산 관리 기능으로 제한하여 민영보험사의 경쟁을 통한 가격인하와 의료의 질을 확보하고자 하였다. 그리고 보험회사가 의료서비스의 공급 시에, 공급자 간의 경쟁을 촉진하는 계약시스템을 도입하여 관리된 경쟁 (managed competition) 을 실현할 수 있도록 하였다. 네덜란드는 지금까지 사회보험국가에서 보기 어려운 1차 의사에 대한 인두제, 병원에 대하여 예산제와 같은 강력한 공급측면의 통제정책을 사용하였으나, 정부 규제의 한계를 깨닫고 데커개혁안을 토대로 하여 2006년 완전한 관리된 경쟁모형으로 전환하였다. 네덜란드의 관리된 경쟁모형에 의한 의료개혁은 가입자 간의 형평을 전제로 의료분야 에도 경쟁원리를 도입할 수 있으며, 건강보험과 민영보험의 연계가 가능할 수 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다. 인구고령화로 의료비 지출은 늘어나는데 저출산으로 재원조달 인구는 줄어들어 건강보험의 지속가능성을 위협받고 있는 우리나라로서는 향후 개혁안을 모색하는데 있어서 네덜란드 사례는 여러 측면에서 많은 시사점을 주고 있다. In Netherlands, health care reform was carried out as The New Health Care Law went into effect in January 2006. The core of health care reform is introduction of managed competition model which allows people to select an insurance company which manage compulsory social insurance from governmental management system. And also, the right of choice is secured based on the principle of fair fiscal burden and price cutting and security of healthcare quality are intended to be secured through competition between insurance companies by limiting the role of government to minimum regulation to insurance operation and risk pooling management function. And by allowing insurance companies to introduce contract system which promote competitions between providers when providing healthcare services, managed competition is intended to be realized. Netherlands applied strong supply-side control policies which are rare in social insurance countries such as capitation on the General Practitioner and global budgeting on the hospital. But after realizing the limit of governmental regulation, Netherlands changed to competition model since 2006. The health care reform by managed competition model of Netherlands suggests that the principle of competition can be introduced in healthcare field on the assumption that equities between subscribers are secured and the connection between health insurance and private insurance is possible. The case of Netherlands can be applied in many aspects to future reform of Korean health care which has severe problems in financial security.

보건의료체계의 발전과 성찰

이규식 ( Kyu Sik Lee ) 한국보건행정학회 2013 보건행정학회지 Vol.23 No.4

During last 65 years, Korea has achieved very rapid economic growth and social reformation including healthcare system. Many foreigners have praised that Korea healthcare system is very good in the respect of ease accessibility to healthcare under the lowest cost among the industrialized countries. Whole population are covered by the National Health Insurance. Also utilizations of healthcare among different income classes are even. However Korea healthcare system faced with several challenges, in terms of the an aging population and a rise in chronic disease problem, new threats of communicable disease due to globalization, the rapid increase of healthcare expenditure and high financial burden of patients even though they are insured. To cope with these challenges, we need reconsider the healthcare system as followings; to set up ideology of healthcare as normative public goods, to rebuild paradigm of healthcare for 21 century, to reform public health for strengthening health promotion, to develop new method for healthcare management including quality improvement and consumer responsiveness, to build new governance for health and to view new perspective on healthcare as a kind of industry.

제6주제 : 국민건강증진기금사업 10년 성과

이규식(Kyu-sik Lee) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2005 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

There has been 10 years since The Health Promotion Act was legislated. The government began to establish a health promotion fund on the basis of Health Promotion Act in 1995, and to manage and operate the fund from 1998. It is evaluated that health promotion program have had various outcomes in many aspects. First, there has been growing awareness of the impotance of health promotion through the establishment of Health Plan 2010 and the effort to actualize the Plan. Second, the importance of securing health equity and identifying health determinants have been recognized during the planning process of Health Plan 2010. Third, the health promotion program have mainly focused on improving healthy life style of the population. As a result, desirable health behavior change of the population could be expected from the result of 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Fourth, public health centers began to play a crucial role in implementing health promotion programs, and began to build infrastructure for health promotion programs. Fifth, the outcomes of health promotion programs by public health centers and private health organizations have been increasing. Finally, training for health promotion personnel and their participation in the program could be the foundation for the higher level of outcome achievement from the health promotion programs. Important challenges for future health promotion would be identification of the determinants and risk factors of health in Korea, establishment of local health promotion plan, building infrastructure for health promotion, creation of specific action model by public health center, development of diverse health promotion programs and health promotion program for the elderly, conducting research for evidence concerning major factors reducing the need for health care through prevention disease activities, and establishment of evaluation and feed back system for health promotion programs.

우리나라 人口政策方向의 再吟味

李奎植(Kyu-Sik Lee),金鐸一(Taek-Il Kim) 한국인구학회 1988 한국인구학 Vol.11 No.1

The social conditions in Koreas until 1950s were similar to the model phenomena of low level eqilibrium trap which was named by Prof. Nelson, with the continuation of high population growth rate and low economic growth rate. To esape from the trap, Korean government adopted two different policies, one is economic development plans and the other is family planning programs. Theses policies were successful in both increasing the national products and decreasing the population growth rate. In 1985 per capita GNP increased to over two thousand dollars, fertility rate reduced to replacement level(2. 1) and unemployment rate was stabilized at 4 percent level. From various prospects, we were successfully escaped from the Malthusian trap and many economists, who studied developed countries, belive that population growth has positive effects on technological progress, economies of scale, specialization, individual attitude on work, and economic growth. Therefore we need to reexamine the anti-natalistic population policy of Korea in this situation.

의료수요(醫療需要)의 가격(價格) 및 소득탄력도(所得彈力度): 직장(職場) 공(公)·교(敎) 의료보험(醫療保險) 적용자(適用者)의 외래수요(外來需要)에 관하여

이규식 ( Kyu Sik Lee ) 한국보건사회연구원 1985 保健社會硏究 Vol.5 No.2

The purposes of this study are twofold: (1) to examine the demand behavior for medical services of the insured, and (2) to investigate the equity aspect of medical care utilization among the insured based upon demand analysis. Data used in this analysis are insurance claims and premium data from 2,144 insured households of the government employees and school teachers and 4,208 insured households of the industrial establishment insurance in Seoul City area. These data do not contain information about time consumption and quality attributes in the demand for medical care. Therefore, the traditional Marshallian demand approach is used in this study. The major determinants of demand for medical care are the severity of illness, family size, disposable earned income, price of medical care, the ratio of children to family size and the habit of medical care consumption. The importance of the severity is rather natural since the person who has serious symptoms needs more medical care. The relationship between family size and the quantity demanded is positive. The child age group (0-4) consume more medical care, while the aged (65 and over) do not significantly consume more medical care in Korea. Since the history of medical insurance system is relatively short in Korea, the habit of visiting drug stores and Chinese herb medicine persists for some time even after medical insurance is purchased. We can not find any evidence that females consume more medical care compared to males. The income elasticities of this study range from 0.3 to 1.4. They are higher than the figures in the previous analyses for developed countries. The high income elasticities imply that income barriers to medical care consumption still remain in Korea. The price elasticities vary from -0.02 to -0.4, which are lower than those in the literature reviewed. Especially, when we consider that estimated price elasticities are upwardly biased due to the case and quality mix of price variable, the real elasticities would be lower than the estimated price elasticities. From the above estimation results, we can conclude that the high income group, while paying relatively larger premiums, consumes more medical care and gets more benefits from the insurance. The benefits of insurance come not from the premium but from the consumption of medical care. As a consequence, the high income group benefits from the pooled resources more than the group`s contribution. The suggestions obtained from this study for the equitable medical insurance system in Korea include two devices. First, the premium rate could be revised from a fixed to a progressive proportion of the wages. Second, the coinsurance (copayment portion of patient) could be lowered for the low income group.

입력단 스위칭을 이용한 폴디드 캐스코드 구조의 UWB CMOS 단측파대 쿼드러쳐 믹서 설계

이규식(Kyu-Sik Lee),김창우(Chang-Woo Kim) 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

보건소의 건강증진사업과 지역보건의료계획

이규식 ( Kyu Sik Lee ) 한국보건행정학회 1997 보건행정학회지 Vol.7 No.1