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접촉피부염 환자에서 화장품 및 향료 항원군 이외의 부가항원 첩포시험 결과에 대한 고찰
은희철,김병국,서대헌,정진호,박경찬,조광현,윤재일 ( Hee Chul Eun,Byoung Kook Kim,Dae Hun Suh,Jin Ho Chung,Kyoung Chan Park,Kwang Hyun Cho,Jai Il Youn ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.2
Background: There are few epidemiological studies on patch test with additional batteries in Korea. Objective : We report the results of patch tests with additional batteries which are relatively uncommonly used in contact dermatitis patients. Methods : Standard patch testing was performed with Finn chamber on Scanpor tape. We used additional batteries including cosmetic and fragrance series which are commonly used, and the others including 14 batteries(so-called other batteries). Results : Over the last 8 years, 719 patients(male 184, female 535) were tested in our contact, dermatitis clinic. 178 patients(24.8%) were tested with both Standard and other batteries, In other batteries, rubber additive series were most frequently used(9.2%), and textile colours finish(4.3%) and hairdressing series(3.6%) were used in order of frequency. Rarely performed batteries were(meth) acrylate ser ies, photographic chemicals series, wood set, oil & cooling fluid series, and various allergens. Patients tested with steroid batteries did not show positive reactions. Conclusion : We suggest that 6 batteries((meth)acrylate series, photographic chernicals series, wood set, oil & cooling fluid series, various allergens, steroid battery) have law testing frequencies and positive rates. A more organized multicenter study is required. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35(2): 279-283)
은희철,최정훈,이태교,조인학,김나영,유재욱,박환서,안도희,Eun, Hee-Chul,Choi, Jung-Hoon,Lee, Tae-Kyo,Cho, In-Hak,Kim, Na-Young,Yu, Jae-Uk,Park, Hwan-Seo,Ahn, Do-Hee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2015 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.13 No.3
사용후핵연료 파이로프로세싱에서 발생하는 방사성폐기물의 양을 최소화하기 위해서는 방사성 핵종 함유 염폐기물을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 기술개발이 필요하다. 이를 위해 탄산화물(Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>)을 이용한 반응증류공정에서 LiCl-KCl 공융염 내 NdCl<sub>3</sub>의 분리특성을 관찰하였다. HSC-Chemistry 프로그램을 이용한 탄산화물과 NdCl<sub>3</sub>의 반응모델결과에서 NdCl<sub>3</sub>는 탄산화물의 주입조건 및 온도변화에 따라 산염화물(NdOCl) 또는 산화물(Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) 형태로 전환됨이 확인되었으며, 탄산화물의 주입조건에 따른 LiCl-KCl-NdCl<sub>3</sub>계의 반응증류시험에서 반응모델결과와 유사한 경향을 확인하였다. 이 결과들을 이용하여 LiCl-KCl 공융염 내 NdCl<sub>3</sub>를 고화가 용이한 산화물 형태로 분리하기 위한 공정조건을 도출하였다. It is necessary to develop an effective waste salt treatment technology for the minimization of radioactive waste generation from the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. For this reason, the separation characteristics of NdCl<sub>3</sub> from LiCl-KCl eutectic salt in a reactive distillation process using Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> or K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> were observed. NdCl<sub>3</sub> was converted into oxychloride (NdOCl) or oxide (Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in the reaction model between NdCl<sub>3</sub> and the carbonates using HSC-Chemistry, and this result was confirmed in the reactive distillation test of the LiCl-KCl-NdCl<sub>3</sub> system using the carbonates. Based on these results, the reactive distillation process conditions were determined to separate NdCl<sub>3</sub> into an oxide form (Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) which can be easily fabricated into a final waste form.
화장품에 의한 접촉피부염 환자에서의 첩포시험 결과에 대한 고찰
은희철(Hee Chul Eun),권오상(Oh Sang Kwon),서구일(Koo Il Seo),윤춘식(Chun Sik Youn),한원석(Won Seok Han),서대헌(Dae Hun Suh) 대한피부과학회 1999 대한피부과학회지 Vol.37 No.8
화장품은 1993년 유럽연합(EU)에 의하여 정의된 바에 의하면, 표피와 모발, 조갑, 구순 및 이음부와 같은 체표면과 구강내 치아 및 구강점막에 대하여 청결히 하거나 향기를 좋게 하고 보호하는 목적이외에, 모습을 바꾸거나 체취를 교정하는 목적으로 이용되는 모든 물질과 제품들을 의미하는 용어로 기술된 바 있다. 화장품에 의한 피부 질환은 일반인에서 흔히 발생하는데, 사용자의 2%미만으로 보고되고 있으며, 이중 알레르기성 접촉피부염은 화장품에 의한 부작용의 5-10%를 차지하며, 피부과를 방문하는 환자의 0.3-3%정도로 보고되고 있다. 이와 같은 화장품에 의한 피부염에 대해, 피부과 의사와 화장품 회사들에 의하여, 화자품의 성분표시(cosmetic labelling), 원인 항원의 발견 및 조절(allergen controlled system), 저알러지성 화장품(hypoallergic cosmetics)의 이용 등으로 발생빈도를 줄이려는 노력이 있어 왔다. 국내에서는 최근 20여년간 화장품에 의한 접촉피부염에 대한 여러 역학적 연구가 이루어졌으며 다수의 화장품과 관련된 증례보고가 있어왔다. 저자들은 최근의 화장품 산업의 발전과 시대의 변화에 따른 화장품의 성분 및 종류의 다양화와 화장품을 사용하는 인구가 늘어남에 따른 화장품에 의한 알레르기성 접촉피부염의 변화된 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 시기를 구분하고 이에 따른 첩포시험 성적의 양성률의 변화과정과 알레르겐의 양성빈도를 시기별로 비교하였다. Background:Contact dermatitis is frequently caused by cosmetics. Detection of causative allergens is important in prevention and treatment of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Patch test has been accepted as the only reliable diagnostic method to detect allergens. Objective:The objectives of this study were to clarify evoluting trends of positive patch tests and to compare the positive frequencies of various allergens between different time sequences. Materials and methods:We reviewed patch test results of the 806 cosmetic contact dermatitis patients, who had visited our clinic from 1982 to 1997. We divided the patients into three groups as follows;Ⅰgroup:1982-1987, Ⅱ group:1988-1992, Ⅲ group :1993-1997 and compared the test results. The patch tests were performed with standard batteries, cosmetic-related allergens and the patients’s own cosmetics. Results:The results of the studies were summarized as follows; 1. Trends of increasing positivity in cosmetic-induced dermatitis was noted in a chronologic point of view. Among the patients, an increased proportion of males was notable. 2. In age distribution, a decreasing proportion of patients at the third & the fourth decades was observed. Contrary to this, the proportion of patients over the fifth decades was increased. 3. Among standard allergens, nickel sulphate showed the highest positive rate in all defined triple periods, whereas positive rates of neomycin sulphate & balsam the highest positive rate in all defined triple periods, whereas positive rates of meomycin sulphate & balsam of Peru were diminishing sequentially. Among fragrance allergens, cinnamic alcohol & cinnamic aldehyde revealed the highest positive rates. 4. In as is test, skin care products showed the highest positive rate, followed by toiletries and makeup products. Increasing positive rates of the toiletry products were observed in order of time. In fragrance products, positive rates reached their peak in the second period and declined in the third period. Conclusion:This study showed that perfume components were the most frequent allergens in cosmetics followed by preservative agents. Our study showed that cosmetic allergies in men seems to have increased.(Korean J Dermatol 1999;37(8):1009~1016)
LiCl-KCl-NdCl3계에서 Li3PO4-K3PO4를 이용한 희토류 핵종(Nd) 인산화에 관한 연구
은희철 ( Hee Chul Eun ),김준홍 ( Jun Hong Kim ),최정훈 ( Jung Hoon Choi ),조용준 ( Yung Zun Cho ),이태교 ( Tae Kyo Lee ),박환서 ( Hwan Seo Park ),박근일 ( Geun Il Park ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2013 공학기술논문지 Vol.6 No.2
In the pyrochemcial process of spent nuclear fuel, it is necessary to separate rare earth nuclides from LiCl-KCl eutectic waste salt for radioactive waste reduction. This paper presents the phosphorylation of neodymium chloride in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 system using Li3PO4-K3PO4 as a phosphorylation agent in a chemical reactor with pitched blade impellers. The phosphorylation test was performed changing operation temperature, stirring rate, and amount of phosphorylation agent. Neodymium chloride was effectively converted into neodymium phosphate (NdPO(4). It was confirmed that more than 99 wt% of neodymium can be separated from LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 system using a phosphorylation methodl
기니픽에서 DNCB 접촉 과민의 발현에 미치는 기제의 영향
은희철(Hee Chul Eun),김정애(Jeong Aee Kim) 대한피부과학회 1986 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.24 No.6
This study was undertaken to investigate the optimal conditions for challenge testing with DNCB in 3 vehicles applied to guinea pigs in standardized amount/ area (pg/cm2) The results are sumrnarized as follows: 1) All test reactions were negative when tested in 10 unsensitized animals. 2) There were significant difference in positive rate between 0. 05%, DNCB in alcohol and 0.1% DNCB in alcohol, but there were no significant difference between 0. l%, DNCB in alcohol and 0, 2% DNCB in alcohol. Same results were obtaincd when DNCR was dissolved in acetone. 3) Acetone gives the significantly higher degree of positive reactions, indicating that alcohol may be the safer vehicle in eliciting a response than acetone. 4) With DNCB in olive oil, relatively few animals reacted compared to the results obtained with alcohol and acetone. Furthermore, olive oil is slippery and difficult to utilize when attempting to delineate surface area. 5) With alcohol, we obtained a good correlation between the amount applied and the resulting response, showing that this vehicle might be a superior vehicle in eliciting contact allergy.
은희철 (Hee Chul Eun) 대한피부과학회 1995 대한피부과학회지 Vol.33 No.2
Since the foundation of Korean Contact Dermatitis Resear Group in 1980, many reports related to contact dermatitiis have been published. In this articl, 94 Korean references related to epidemiology and clinical aspect of contact dermatitis which have been published for the past 2 decades were reviewcied apers about medicaments were mos 1 equent(53) and, plants and animals(25), occupation(33), cosmetics(23), metals(19) loere in order of frequency. lhe general incidences of contact dermatitis were 5.3% 13.5% in the general out-patients. The main allergens which showed high positive rates in rovin. patch tests were a little different according to the different authors. In common allergens reckel sulfate and cobalt chloride showed increasing tendencies, while ammoniated mercury, first alldehyde, paraphenylene diamine and rubber chemicals showed decreasing tendendies. Potassiun a chromate, neomycin sulfate, and fragrance related allergens which are also commonly encountred showed variable positive rates according to the different authors. In MOHL indices less occuational and few leg ulcer cases have been observed. Obtaining informations are the key point of publication becteria, there have been more aborted studies which were presented at the annual contact dermatit ymposia in Korea, however not published. (Kor J Dermatol 1995;33 (2): 209-224)