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오염된 퇴적물로부터 해양저서 단각류 Leptocheirus plumulosus의 은(Ag)축적에서 흡수경로의 상대적 기여도 평가
유훈,이인태,이병권,Yoo, Hoon,Lee, In-Tae,Lee, Byeong-Gweon 한국해양학회 2002 바다 Vol.7 No.2
해양퇴적물 오염평가에 널리 쓰이는 단각류 Leptocheirus plumulosus를 이용하여 오염된 퇴적물에서 Ag을 축적하는데 있어서 각 매질(퇴적물, 공극수, 먹이)의 상대적 기여도를 조사하였다. 또한 퇴적물 중 중금속의 생물 이용도와 독성을 조절하는 인자로 잘 알려진 황화물(AVS)이 공극수 중 용존 Ag 농도와 생물내 흡수에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 연안 퇴적물을 임의로 4개의 농도구배(0.1${\sim}$3.3 ${\mu}$mol Ag/g)로 오염시킨 후, AVS농도를 40 또는 <0.5 ${\mu}$mol/g로 조절하여 실험생물을 35일 동안 노출시켰다. 실험생물이 배양되는 동안 Ag으로 오염된 것과 오염되지 않은 $TetraMin^{(R)}$을 보조 먹이로 공급하여 생물 체내 Ag축적 농도 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과, L. plumulosus의 체내 Ag농도는 퇴적물 내 Ag의 농도와 양의 상관관계를 갖고 증가하였다($r^{2}$=0.87, p<0.001). 퇴적물 중 AVS의 함량은 공극수 중 용존 Ag의 농도를 조절하는 중요한 인자로 확인되었으나, AVS 농도는 L. plumulosus의 Ag축적에 거의 영향을 주지 않았다. Ag으로 오염된 먹이가 제공된 L. plumulosus는 오염되지 않은 먹이가 제공된 L. plumulosus보다 최고 1.8배 정도 높게 Ag을 체내에 축적하였다. 즉, Ag으로 오염된 퇴적물에서 L. plumulosus의 Ag축적은 공극수나 해수 중의 용존 Ag의 흡수보다는 퇴적물이나 먹이의 섭식을 통한 흡수가 주요 노출경로라는것을 시사한다. A amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus was exposed to Ag contaminated sediments to evaluate relative importance of various uptake routes (sediment, porewater, supplementary food) for Ag bioaccumulation in sediment-dwelling marine invertebrates. Additionally, influence of AVS (acid-volatile sulfide) on the partitioning of Ag to porewater and on the Ag bioavailability was determined to evaluate the utility of AVS criteria for the management of metal contaminated sediment. The experimental sediments were spiked with 4 levels of Ag (0.1-3.3 ${\mu}$mol Ag/g) and AVS concentrations were manipulated to 40 or <0.5 ${\mu}$mol/g, then equilibrated for >2 months to allow pore water/particulate distributions similar to nature. A L. plumulosus was incubated in the contaminated sediments with overlying water for 35d. During the exposure, the amphipods was fed with supplementary food ($TetraMin^{(R)}$) with or without Ag contamination. Following exposure, tissue Ag in L. plumulosus was strongly correlated with the weak acid extractable Ag in sediments ($r^{2}$=0.87, p<0.001). The ratio of AVS to Ag-SEM (Ag extracted simulaneouls with AVS) had a strong influence on porewater Ag concentration, consistent with previous studies. However, Ag bioaccumulation in L. plumulosus was not influenced by AVS concentrations. The amphipods fed Ag contaminated food took up ${\sim}$ 1.8 X Ag accumulated by the amphipods fed uncontaminated supplementary diet. The result suggests that the benthic invertebrates exposed to metal contaminated sediments would accumulate metals largely via ingestion of contaminated sediments and food, with minor contribution from dissolved sources of porewater and overlying water.
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비트스트림의 구조 분석을 이용한 음성 부호화 방식 추정 기법
유훈,박철순,박영미,김종호,Yoo, Hoon,Park, Cheol-Sun,Park, Young-Mi,Kim, Jong-Ho 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1
본 논문에서는 임의의 음성 압축 비트스트림의 구조를 분석하여 음성 신호의 부호화 방식을 추정 및 분류하는 기법을 제안한다. 저 비트율 전송 및 저장을 위하여 다양한 보코더 방식의 음성 압축 기법이 개발되었는데, 이들은 블록 구조를 반드시 포함하고 있다. 각 부호화 방식을 구분하는데 있어, 본 논문에서는 Measure of Inter-Block Correlation (MIBC)를 이용하여 블록 구조의 유무 및 신호 블록의 길이를 파악하고, 블록 길이가 동일한 부호화 방식의 경우 각 부호화 방식마다 압축 스트림 내의 각 비트 위치별로 상관도 분포가 다르다는 점을 이용하여 해당 부호화 방식을 정확하게 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 제안한 비트스트림 분석 기법은 다양한 음성 신호의 종류, 음성 신호의 길이 및 잡음 환경에 강인한 검출 능력을 나타냄을 보인다. This paper addresses a blind estimation and classification algorithm of the speech compression methods by using analysis on the structure of compressed bitstreams. Various speech compression methods including vocoders are developed in order to transmit or store the speech signals at very low bitrates. As a key feature, the vocoders contain the block structure inevitably. In classification of each compression method, we use the Measure of Inter-Block Correlation (MIBC) to check whether the bitstream includes the block structure or not, and to estimate the block length. Moreover, for the compression methods with the same block length, the proposed algorithm estimates the corresponding compression method correctly by using that each compression method has different correlation characteristics in each bit location. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm classifies the speech compression methods robustly for various types and lengths of speech signals in noisy environment.
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A Magneto-optical Trap Below a Dielectric Coated Mirror Surface
유훈,Kyung Hyun Lee,Jung Bog Kim 한국광학회 2009 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.13 No.2
A Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) for 87Rb atoms near the surface of a dielectric coated mirror at the top of a small 20×25×40 mm3 cell has been observed. Two beams of 3.3 mW/cm2 were used for optical cooling and an anti-Helmholtz magnetic field with a spatial gradient of 9.1 G/cm was used for magnetic trapping. The thickness of the mirror coated on a cover glass was less than 100 μm. The mirror covered the top of a cell and the atom-chip was located outside the vacuum in order to exploit the long life time of the mirror and easy operation of the chip. The trapping position was found 5 mm beneath the mirror surface. The number of trapped atoms was roughly 3×107 atoms and the temperature was approximately a few tens mK. In this paper, we describe the construction of the mirror-MOT in detail.
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유훈,Eun-Ung Lee,You-Kyoung Kim,김범철,박진영,임현창,이중석,노인섭,정의원,최성호 한국생체재료학회 2014 생체재료학회지 Vol.18 No.4
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and resorption pattern in three-layer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membrane according to the concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel in rabbit calvarial defect model. Four standardized circular defects with 8 mm diameter were created on the four rabbit calvarium. Three-layer PLGA membranes (5% and 10% HA gel) were used as the test groups, both collagen membrane and monolayer PLGA membrane as the control groups. Results: After sacrificing the animals after 4 and 8 weeks, block sections were harvested and histological observation was performed. Pus formation was observed in a site on the three-layer PLGA membranes (with 10% HA gel) of 4 weeks group and initial inflammatory responses were observed on the three-layer PLGA membrane group. However, when compared to both the monolayer PLGA membrane group and collagen membrane group, the HA gel-reinforced three-layer PLGA membrane showed improved cell occlusion and retention period, showing the formation of the capsule-like structure. There was no definite difference between the results of the membranes fabricated with either 5% or 10% HA hydrogel. Conclusion: The HA reinforced three-layer PGLA membrane was retained longer than control group and showed good property in cell occlusion. Future study is under process to improve the inflammatory response of the three layer PLGA membranes, which were observed in this study.
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