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유재성,허강,권순민,이동호,서중배 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.4
Background: Surgical-site, multimodal drug injection has recently evolved to be a safe and useful method for multimodal pain management even in patients with musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent plating for mid-shaft and distal clavicular fractures were included in the study. To evaluate whether surgical-site injections (SIs) have pain management benefits, the patients were divided into two groups (SI and no-SI groups). The injection was administered between the deep and superficial tissues prior to wound closure. The mixture of anesthetics consisted of epinephrine hydrochloride (HCL), morphine sulfate, ropivacaine HCL, and normal saline. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were measured at 6-hour intervals until postoperative hour (POH) 72; stress biomarkers (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], insulin, and fibrinogen) were measured preoperatively and at POH 24, 48, and 72. In patients who wanted further pain control or had a VAS pain score of 7 points until POH 72, 75 mg of intravenous tramadol was administered, and the intravenous tramadol requirements were also recorded. Other medications were not used for pain management. Results: The SI group showed significantly lower VAS pain scores until POH 24, except for POH 18. Tramadol requirement was significantly lower in the SI group until POH 24, except for POH 12 and 18. The mean DHEA-S level significantly decreased in the no-SI group (74.2 ± 47.0 μg/dL) at POH 72 compared to that in the SI group (110.1 ± 87.1 μg/dL; p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the insulin and fibrinogen levels between the groups. The correlation values between all the biomarkers and VAS pain scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After internal fixation of the clavicular fracture, the surgical-site, multimodal drug injection effectively relieved pain on the day of the surgery without any complications. Therefore, we believe that SI is a safe and effective method for pain management after internal fixation of a clavicular fracture.
비행체 통합제어시스템(VMS)을 위한 SAE AS5643/MIL-1394 및 ARINC-664/AFDX 인터페이스 분석
유재성,박성한 한국항공우주학회 2012 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.4
최근 항공기의 탑재되는 장비의 성능이 향상되고 데이터 양이 증가됨에 따라 고 대역폭의 네트워크 인터페이스가 요구되고 있다. 비행제어 시스템은 임무 시스템을 제외한 항공기 부체계 계통을 제어하는 비행체 통합제어시스템으로, 임무 시스템은 모듈 통합형 IMA 방식으로 진화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비행제어 시스템의 입출력 특성을 안전 치명적 시스템 관점에서 분석하고 차세대 비행체 통합제어 시스템 인터페이스로서의 SAE AS5643/MIL-1394 와 ARINC-664/AFDX 의 특성을 분석하여 최적의 인터페이스 및 비행체 통합제어시스템과 임무시스템의 개념적인 인터페이스 방식을 제안한다. MIL-1394 는 MIL-STD-1553 을 대체하기 위해 IEEE-1394 규격에 안전 치명적 특성을 적용한 규격으로 차세대 비행체 통합제어시스템 인터페이스로서 장기간 활용될 것으로 보인다. As the performance of LRUs are enhanced and data traffic in associated network is much larger than before, new demands for high bandwidth network interface are arisen. Flight control system is evolved into Vehicle Management System which controls a whole aircraft except avionics system. Avionics system is also evolved into integrated modular avionics. In this paper, we analyze input/output characteristics of conventional flight control system based on the view of flight critical system and find which interface network is best fit for VMS network between SAE AS5653/MIL-1394 and ARINC-664/AFDX. We also suggest the interface between VMS and IMA system based on the interface characteristics. MIL-1394 Standard is modified from commercial IEEE-1394 to replace conventional MIL-STD-1553 by adding safety critical features. MIL-1394 is the best interface for VMS and will be applied for a long time.