논문 : 노인의 관점에서 본 근린환경 디자인의 접촉만남 지원정도 -대도시와 중소도시를 중심으로-

오찬옥 ( Chan Ohk Oh ),김수영 ( Soo Young Kim ),오찬옥 ( Chan Ohk Oh ) 디자인융복합학회 2014 디자인융복합연구 Vol.13 No.5

우리 사회가 고령사회가 되어감에 따라 근린환경을 계획하고 디자인할 때에도 노인에 대한 배려의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 노인의 관점에서 대도시와 중소도시의 근린환경 디자인이 노인에 대한 배려, 즉 노인의 접촉만남을 어느 정도 지원하도록 되어 있는지를 파악하고자 하였다. 조사대상은 대도시와 중소도시에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 노인 310명이었다. 자료 수집은 이들 노인을 대상으로 설문지를 이용한 일대일 면접조사방법으로 진행하였다. 조사내용은 선행연구에서 제시한 ‘노인의 접촉만남을 지원해 주는 근린환경 디자인 지표’ 60개 항목 각각에 대한 충족정도였다. 조사결과 근린환경영역의 접촉만남 지원성은 대도시와 중소도시 간에 다소 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 대도시는 문화교육공간영역 중 교육시설과 노인관련시설의 근접성과 접촉만남 지원성, 공원녹지공간의 안전성과 볼거리 제공정도가 중소도시보다 유의미하게 높았다. 반면 중소도시는 건강의료공간영역 중 실내외 운동시설의 근접성과 노인 이용편리성 및 접촉만남 지원성이, 도로영역 중 보행로의 노인 이용편리성과 접촉만남 지원성이, 대중교통시설영역 중 버스정류장과 자전거 보관소의 접촉만남 지원성이 대도시보다 높았다. As our society is becoming to aging society, the consideration of old residents in our neighborhood environments is also important. This study was intended to evaluate the neighborhood environments in aspects of supportiveness of contact and meeting of their residents. The subject were 310 old residents who lives in the metropolitan city and the small and medium-sized city. They answered 60 elements of neighborhood environments which support contact and meeting of residents including old ones. As the results were as follows : The supportiveness of contact and meeting of residents in neighborhood environments was not high. The supportiveness of contact and meeting in the cultural and educational area and parking and green area in the metropolitan city were higher than the small and medium-sized city. However, in case of health and medical area, pathway, and public traffic, the small and medium-sized city were higher than the metropolitan city.

국민주택규모 아파트 주거환경의 유니버설디자인 적용성 평가 연구

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

The quality of apartment houses has been gradually upgraded. However the changes in demographic composition of residents such as seniors, disabled persons, and etc. have not been considered in the process of planning. If apartment houses are designed on the base of the concept of universal design, their residents could live as long as they want to live in. This study evaluates the Korean standard-sized apartment housing units and the common spaces of those apartment buildings, and it’s outdoor environments from the perspective of universal design. The observation and measuring was conducted with the questionnaire survey with 100 residents living in those housing units. 60 items were designed for evaluating them in relation to the principles of universal design. The results are as follows : 1) In general, the principles of universal design were relatively applied to the apartment houses. However their application needs to be broadened. 2) The number of parking lots needs to be increased and the width of individual parking lot to be increased. Also, the location of gazebo and senior center needs to be placed in easily accessible areas. 3) The shape, color, finishes of the ramp and the entrance area of the apartment building and housing unit should be made more homelike. Also, the entrance area of apartment building and housing unit needs to be made large enough for residents themselves and meeting with neighbors. 4) Among all of the rooms in a housing unit, bathroom should be improved immediately. Also, the width of doors should be at least 80cm wide and the floor should be made even.

주택사용성이 고령자의 에이징인플레이스 요구와 주택개조 의사에 미치는 영향

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk),권현주(Kwon, Hyun Joo),김혜연(Kim, Hyeyeun) 한국실내디자인학회 2021 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.30 No.4

Although most Korean housing lacks age-friendly design features, many older adults want to remain in their home as long as possible. A safe and accessible housing design features contributes to the fall prevention of senior residents and their aging in place. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of housing usability on the desire to aging in place and intention to home modification of older adults. It also analyzed the differences between socio-demographic and housing characteristics, and the three constructs (i.e., housing usability, desire to aging in place, and intention to home modification). A survey questionnaire was developed for a quantitative study. The target population was seniors aged 65 or older living in Busan. A total of 400 data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and path analysis. The results of this study are as below. First, home usability significantly positively impacts the desire to aging in place, and the desire to aging in place significantly positively influences on intention to home modification. Second, seniors with poor housing usability and low desire to aging in place were more likely to be vulnerable people in terms of socio-demographic and housing characteristics. Third, intention to home modification was low regardless of socio-demographic and housing characteristics. To encourage older adults to modify their homes for fall prevention and better accessibility, it will need to improve awareness of the significance of home modification and provide appropriate services and financial support from the Korean government according to each senior resident’s situation.

노인가계의 주거비 지출에 관한 연구

오찬옥(Chan Ohk Oh),양세화(Se Hwa Yang),양세정(Se Jeong Yang) 한국노인복지학회 2000 노인복지연구 Vol.10 No.-

It is important for the consideration of elderly housing to have information about how much the elderly can pay for their housing. The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics of housing expenditure of the elderly. The empirical analysis was performed using the 1996 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure and the final sample consisted of 2,945 households headed by elderly aged 60 and over. In general, the elderly tended to have a common pattern of housing expenditure. Their housing affordability, the ratio of housing expenditure-to-income, was 11.86%, a little higher than that of ordinary households, while it was lower than 25%, the limitation of housing addordability. The variables significanly related to the housing expenditure of the elderly were household income, household size, age, occupation, education, and sex of the head, location of the residence, and tenure type.

노인의 관점에서 본 동네환경의 노인친화도

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk),김수영(Kim, Soo-Young),강동진(Gang, Dong-Jin) 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

As the aging society is globally increasing, the guide for the aged-friendly city is suggested by WHO and many cities are preparing to meet with it. The base of this guide for an age-friendly city is an active aging. This study examined how degree the neighborhood environment is age-friendly older persons’ standpoints. The data were collected through the interview with old persons who aged more than 65 years, 117 persons in an urban area and 110 ones in a rural area. The age-friendly degree of neighborhood environment was examined from two aspects. One is how close 12 neighborhood facilities were from the elderly’s houses. Another one is how degree the elderly were considered in 4 areas: pedestrian road, traffic, the amount of housing for the elderly, and space layouts of their houses. Findings were as follows. First, the elderly related neighborhood facilities in urban area were closer located to old persons’ houses than in rural area, except the senior center. Second, in case of the age-friendly degree of their neighborhood environments, the space layout of house was the highest, and then traffic, pedestrian road, and the amount of housing for the elderly, in order. The consideration degree of wheelchair users was the lowest. Third, the age-friendly degree of pedestrian road, traffic, and room layout of house in rural area were higher than in urban area. However, the amount of housing for the elderly in urban area was higher than in rural area.

노년기 주거욕구 파악을 위한 하위상황설정기준

오찬옥(Chan Ohk Oh),이연숙(Yeun Sook Lee) 한국노년학회 1992 한국노년학 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 배우자 유무와 건강상태의 2가지 요인에 따라 설정된 노년기의 4가지 상황 각각에서 반복측정된 노인주거특성 선호자료를 근거로, 이들 두 요인이 노인주거특성 선호의 상황별 변화를 일으키는 요인으로 작용하는지를 실증적으로 검증함으로써 노인주택계획시 고려해야 하는 노년기의 하위상황 설정을 위한 과학적 근거를 제공해 주기 위한 것이다. 연구대상은 수도권 도시지역에 거주하고 있는 중산층 중년 주부 526명이었으며 우편을 이용한 설문조사방법으로 진행하였다. 자료분석은 SAS의 CATMOD를 이용하여 반복측정분석하였다. 분석결과, 전반적으로 노인주거특성에 대한 선호의 노년기 4가지 상황에 따른 변화정도는 배우자 유무와 건강상태 요인에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이 두 요인중 배우자 유무요인이 건강상태 요인보다 더 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 본 연구에서 설정한 배우자 유무와 건강상태 요인에 의한 노년기의 상황구분이 타당함이 입증되었다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 노인주택 계획시 노인을 하나의 동질적인 집단으로 보기보다는 배우자 유무와 건강상태가 서로 다른 이질적인 집단들로 보고 접근하는 것이 바람직하다. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriateness of two factors as criteria for establishing elderly's sub-situations to grasp their housing needs and preference. Two factors were existence of spouse and health condition. The subjects were 526 middle-aged housewives from middle-income households living in the capital area. Questionnaire data collected through mailing included repeated measures of preferred housing characteristics of each respondents. Data were analyzed using SAS CATMOD. The housing preference changed according to the two factors. Therefore, the two factors were empirically verified as useful criteria to set the elderly's sub-situations for the elderly housing development.

교육공간에 대한 유니버설 디자인 관점에서의 평가 사례연구(2)

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk),김선영(Kim, Sun-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2012 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

This study evaluated two educational spaces, one middle school and one high school in point of universal design. The survey method with an observation and measuring method was used. The subject were 238 students of a middle and a high school. They evaluated their schools according to 53 universal design related items which consisted of 5 principles. Findings were as follows ; 1) The width of passage between desk and desk was very narrow and there is the threshold at the door of classroom. The students evaluated them negatively, too. Also, they indicated that the size of individual locker was small and the corner of furniture was sharp. 2) The width of door and passage was narrow and the floor was not flat in restroom. The design quality such as color and finishes was not good. Also, the students evaluated all these items negatively. 3) The dining space was too big. That is, so many students takes meals in one big space. The dining tables were arranged in a long rows and the width between them was also so narrow to pass through. 4) The student of high school evaluated their educational environments more negatively than ones of middle high school. This means that the high school students were more dissatisfied with their school environment. The educational environment should be designed on the base of their students’ needs.

장유신도시 주거환경에 대한 거주 후 평가

오찬옥,양세화,Oh, Chan-Ohk,Yang, Se-Hwa 한국주거학회 2011 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.5

The purpose of the study was to perform the post-occupancy evaluation of housing environments of Jangyou New Town in Gimhae. The data for the analysis was collected through questionnaire survey method from August 10 to 27, 2010, and the sample consisted of 524 respondents living in apartment complexes in Jangyou. The features of housing environment were categorized into unit housing, apartment complex, and neighborhood and total 28 specific items were included in the evaluation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with Duncan's multiple range tests. The results were as follows: 1) Overall evaluation of housing environment of the residents in Jangyou were relatively high, expecially in floor plan layout of unit housing, self-expression through apartment complex, and natural environment of neighborhood. 2) The demographic and housing variables that had significant influences on the post-occupancy evaluation were age of the respondent, monthly income, apartment size and tenure type of apartment. Respondents who were over sixty years old, with monthly income of less than 2,000,000 won, or living in public rental apartments were more likely to evaluate overall housing environment positively than rest of the respondents.

공간디자인을 위한 유니버설 디자인 평가도구 및 지침개발

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk) 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.1

As the population of the aged and the disabled increases, the needs for universal design is also growing. Universal design is to design for diverse users including all ages from children to the elderly, the disabled and non-disabled, the pregnant, the tourist, and etc. This study is intended to develop the design evaluation tool and guidelines of universal design for applying to space design. In order to achieve this, four basic spaces in human living such as residential space, educational space, working space, and cultural space were selected. Then, the elements of universal design were chosen for each space. The numbers of areas in each space were 12 for residential spae, 5 for educational space, 6 for working space, and 6 for cultural space. Also, 60 elements of universal design for residential space, 53 for educational space, 36 for working space, and 46 for cultural space were selected. The field observation with photos and user evaluation survey were carried out for each space by using these elements. Finally, the elements and guidelines of universal design applied for spatial design were suggested. This consisted of 8 areas and 67 elements. This would be useful for designing space for all people.

고령친화 보행환경에 대한 고령자의 중요도-만족도 분석

오찬옥(Oh, Chan-Ohk),권현주(Kwon, Hyun Joo),임예지(Lim, Yea Ji) 한국실내디자인학회 2021 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.30 No.2

Age-friendly communities enhance the walkability of seniors and promote their outdoor activities and health. This study identified going-out behavior of seniors, and explored the gap between seniors’ perceptions of importance regarding an age-friendly community focusing on walkability and older adults’ satisfaction with their current community. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) framework (Martilla & James, 1977) was adopted for comparison. The target population was seniors age 65 and over living in Busan, South Korea. Data was collected through a face-to-face survey using a developed survey instrument (N=300). The measurement for the age-friendly community modified from World Health Organization’s Checklist of Essential Features of Age-friendly Cities. The measurement included seven constructs: pavements, pedestrian crossings, street seating, public toilets, bus stop, subway station, and green area. Each item was measured using a 5-point Likert-scale and a paired-sample t-test was used for the importance and corresponding satisfaction scores comparison. Results show that the participants go-out 5.09 days per week and twice a day. IPA results indicate significant variances between older adults’ perceptions of importance and their satisfaction. Items with higher importance than mean importance scores and lower satisfaction than mean satisfaction scores indicate items requiring immediate improvement. A total of seven items out of 31 were the aforementioned items: three items in pavements (no slopes and steps, dropped curbs to road level, non-slip pavements); three items in pedestrian crossings (sufficient number of pedestrian crossings, dropped curbs to road level, adequate crossing items); and one item in bus stop (bus stop location). This study confirms and identifies specific gaps in the age-friendly community of seniors in Busan, Korea. It has important implications for policymakers and public space planners.