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Group Decision Support with Analytic Hierarchy Process
안병석,An, Byung-Suk Military Operations Research Society of Korea 2002 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.28 No.1
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is well suited to group decision making and offers numerous benefits as a synthesizing mechanism in group decisions. To date, the majority of AHP applications have been in group settings. One reason for this may be that groups often have an advantage over individual when there exists a significant difference between the importance of quality in the decision and the importance of time in which to obtain the decision. Another reason may be the best alternative is selected by comparing alternative solutions, testing against selected criteria, a task ideally suited for AHP. In general, aggregation methods employed in group AHP can be largely classified into two methods: geometric mean method and (weighted) arithmetic mean method. In a situation where there do not exist clear guidelines for selection between them, two methods do not always guarantee the same group decision result. We propose a simulation approach for building group consensus without efforts to make point estimates from individual diverse preference judgments, displaying possible disagreements as is natural in group members'different viewpoints.
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Holstein 종 유우의 우유단백질의 유전적 다형과 생산형질간의 연관성에 관한 연구
안병석,상병찬,상병돈,조윤연 한국낙농학회 1993 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.15 No.4
本 硏究는 乳蛋白質의 遺傳的 標識(genetic marker)를 乳牛의 遺傳的 改良을 위한 유우의 登錄 및 選拔 補助資料로 활용하고자 1992년 國立種畜院에서 사육중인 Holstein종 159두에서 각각 유즙 시료를 채취하여 Polyacrylamide gel(PAGE)에 의한 전기영동(electrophoresis) 방법에 의하여 αs₁-casein(αsl-CN), β-casein(β-CN), κ-casein(κ-CN) 및 β-lactoglobulin(β-LG)의 遺傳子型을 조사하고, 이들 蛋白質의 遺傳的 多型(genetic polymorphisms)과 泌乳形質 및 乳組成分含量과의 연관성을 分析하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 蛋白質座位의 遺傳子型을 분석한 결과 αs₁-CN BB遺傳子型, β-CN AA遺傳子型, κ-CN A 遺傳子型 및 β-LG AB遺傳子型의 出現頻度는 각각 77.87%, 84.28%, 71.70% 및 49.10%로 同一蛋白質內의 다른 遺傳子型 보다 높게 나타났다. 분산 분석결과 乳蛋白質의 遺傳子型들은 泌乳形質인 乳量, 乳脂量 및 蛋白質量과 乳組成分인 乳脂率, 蛋白質含量 및 총고형분 함량에서 유의적인 연관성이 인정되었다. 泌乳形質에 있어서는 αs₁-CN 座位의 BB遺傳子型이 유량, 乳脂量 및 蛋白質量에서 BC遺傳子型 보다 유의적으로 높았고, κ-CN座位의 AA형은 AB 및 BB遺傳子型보다 유량에서 유의적인 연관성이 인정되었으며, β-LG座位의 AA 및 AB형은 유량에서 BB형 보다 높게 나타났다. 乳組成分含量에 있어서는 κ-CN座位의 BB遺傳子型은 乳脂率 및 乳蛋白質含量에서 κ-CN座位의 AA 및 AB遺傳子型보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, β-LG座位의 AA遺傳子型은 乳脂率에서 β-LG座位의 AB 및 BB遺傳子型보다 유의적으로 높게 추정되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 泌乳形質인 乳量, 乳脂量 및 蛋白質量을 증대시키기 위하여서는 αs1-CN座位의 BB遺傳子型, κ-CN 및 β-LG座位의 AA傳子型을 선발하는 것이 보다 바람직할 것으로 사료되었으며, 乳組成分인 乳脂率 및 蛋白質含量을 높히기 위하여서는 κ-CN座位의 BB遺傳子型과 β-LG座位의 AA遺傳子型을 選拔하는 것이 보다 유리할 것으로 생각되었다. To apply genetic markers of milk proteins to dairy cow registration and selection aids for genetic improvement, genotypes controlling the four type of milk protein loci of αs1-casein(αs₁-CN), β-casein(β-CN), κ-casein(κ-CN), and β-lactoglobulin(β-LG) in milk from a total of 159 Holstein lactating cows reared at Korean National Animal Breeding Station in 1992 were detected by polyacrylamide gel(PAGE) electrophoresis, and the genetic structure of the population was analyzed using genotypic frequencies of milk protein type. The effects of genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins on lactation traits and milk compositions were analyzed statistically by least square analysis. The results obtained in this experiment was as follows ; The observed frequencies of the αs₁-CN BB, β-CN AA, κ-CN AA and β-LG AB genotypes were founded to be very higher than that of other genotypes in identified proteins as 79.87%, 84.28%, 71.70% and 49.10%, respectively. According to the results of analysis of variance, the genotypes of the αs₁-CN, β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were significantly different for milk, fat and protein yield in lactation traits, and for fat, protein and total solid percentage in milk. On lactation yields, the αs_1-CN BB genotype was higher in milk, fat and protein yield more than αs₁-CN BC genotype, and the κ-CN AA genotype was higher in milk and protein yield more than κ-CN BB and AB genotypes, and the β-LG AA and AB genotypes were higher in milk yield more than β-LG BB genotype at 5% level of significant difference, respectively. On milk compositions, the κ-CN BB genotype was higher in fat and protein percentage more than κ-CN AA and AB genotypes, and β-LG AA genotype was higher in fat percentage more than β-LG AB and BB genotype at 5% level of significant difference, respectively. As a consequence, the milk, fat and protein yield could be improved by the selection of cows which express the αs₁-CN BB, κ-CN AA and β-LG AA genotypes, and the fat and protein percentage could be improved by the selection of cows which express the κ-CN BB and β-LG AA genotypes.
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